The current situation of medical metrology is expatiated and the advantages of medical metrology room is introduced. Some kinds of equipment can't be measured. Doctors and nurses don't attach enough importance to medical metrology work. Countermeasures are put forward.

The occurrence of malignant tunors is increasing annually around the world.In every year,8.2 million patients died of malignant tumors in which about 90％ patients died of malignant tumors associated multiple organs metastases.Inhibiting tumor metastasis is the key event to prolong the survival time of patients.With the further research,tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis is playing an increasingly important role in the clinical application.This paper summarizes the new developments of tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis to provide possible ideas for the therapy of malignant tumors.

Objective To research the significance of the levels of neuron-specific enolase(NSE), S100B and myelin basic protein(MBP) in predicting the severity and prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods The serum levels ofNSE, SI00B and MBPwere measured within 72 hours after the injury in 36 patients with SAH(SAH group), then the severity of illness and prognosis was evaluated by world federation of neurosurgical societies(WFNS) grade and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) respectively. Twenty healthy persons were selected as controls(control group). Results After the injury, the serum levels of NSE,SI00B and MBP in SAH group increased significantly compared with those in control group. Moreover, there were significant difference in the serum levels of NSE, S100B and MBP among different groups in different severity of illness and prognosis. Assessed the severity and prognosis by serum levels of NSE 25 μg/L, S100B 1.2 μg/L and MBP 10.0 μg/L after 72 hours of SAH, the specificity of assessing the severity by NSE, SI00B and MBP was 71.43%,61.90%, 66.67%, and the sensitivity was 73.33%,86.62% and 73.33%. At assessment of prognosis,the specificity of NSE, S100B, MBP was 69.57%, 60.87%,65.22%, and the sensitivity was 61.54%,76.92% and 69.23%. Conclusion There are higher specificity and sensitivity in evaluating the severity of illnoss and prognosis in patients with SAH by serum levels of NSE, S100B and MBP.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the duration, MRI characters and prognosis in transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods36 TIA cases were retrospectively analyzed according to the duration and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diffusion Weighted Imaging(MRI-DWI). They were divided into two groups, Group A (13 cases) in which TIA continued within 1 h and Group B (23cases) in which TIA continued for 1～24 h. The patients were followed up 3 months and 12 months later. ResultsMRI abnormalities could be found with MRI-DWI in 2 cases in Group A, but 17 cases in group B(χ2=11.416,P=0.001). 1 case in Group A and 14 cases in Group B occurred cerebral infarction within a year(χ2=9.663,P=0.004). ConclusionThe longer TIA duration, the worse the prognosis.

The authors of this paper confirm the goal, factors and principles in arrangement of clinical practice, design a transplacement algorithm to solve the model, and after estimating the capacity to interns of affiliated hospital, make the schedule by that algorithm so as to relieve the relative short supply of good clinical education resourses.

Objective To investigate the relationship between psychological quality and performance capacity of the crew in armored equipment so as to provide scientific evidence for the training of crew .Methods The psychological quality of 82 crew members of armored cavalry was tested and analyzed by neurobehavioral testers and questionnaires .Results and Conclusion The education level and age had no significant effect on the performance capacity among the armored crew . The test results of psychological quality parameters showed the same trend as the performance capacity of the crew , but their psychological health status had obvious effect on the performance capacity .The psychological quality of the crew had great influence on their performance capacity ,so we should pay attention to mental intervention ,enhance psychological protection ability of the crew , and improve their combat effectiveness continuously .

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevention measures against HBV infection among surgeons.METHODS On the basis of the comparison of the current prevention measures HBV infection during operation in the Eastern and Western countries,new prevention measures that HBeAg serves as a supervising and controlling index of HBV were studied.RESULTS The concentration HBV of HBsAg negative,HBeAg negative and HBeAg positive patients were(100-104),(100-106) and(102-109) ID/ml,respectively.HBV infective threshold value of single layer gloves was 105ID/ml,and that of double layer gloves was 106ID/ml.The viral concentration of all the HBsAg negative patients did not reach the infective threshold value of single layer gloves.83.88% HBeAg positive patients reached the threshold value,from them 80.65% was protected by HBV vaccine and 3.23% remainders exceeded the protection.CONCLUSIONS HBeAg serving as a supervising and controlling index of HBV infection can be an effective indicator which can reduce the risk of infection.It is more suitable for the current condition of our country.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the quality of intraoperative wake-up test in the patients undergoing balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery.Methods Forty-two patients of either sex with intracranial aneurysm,aged 57-78 yr,weighing 53-86 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery under general anesthesia,were assigned into 2 groups (n =21 each) using a random number table:propofol conbined with remifentanil group (group PR) and dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil group (group DPR).In group DPR,dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused over 15 min in a loading dose of 0.5 μg · kg-1 before induction of anesthesia,followed by an infusion of 0.3 μg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout surgery.Propofol and remifentanil were given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) after infusion of the loading dose.The patients were mechanically ventilated after placement of the laryngeal mask airway.Maintenance of anesthesia was as follows:propofol and remifentanil were given by TCI with the target plasma concentrations of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml and 1-3 ng/ml,respectively,in group DPR;propofol and remifentanil were given by TCI with the target plasma concentrations of 3-5 μg/ml and 3-6 ng/ml,respectively,in group PR.Bispectral index (BIS) value was maintained at 40-60.Before wakeup test,propofol infusion was stopped and the target plasma concentration of remifentanil was decreased to 0.5 ng/ml in two groups,and the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was decreased to 0.1 pg · kg-1 · h-1 in group DPR.The wake-up time was recorded and the wake-up quality was assessed.After admission to the operating room (T0,baseline),at 10 min before wake-up test (T1),immediately after patients were wakened (T2),at 10 min after patients were wakened (T3) and at the end of wake-up test (T4),the mean blood pressure (MAP),heart rate,respiratory rate (RR),SpO2 and BIS values were recorded.The development of intraoperative awareness,emergence time,postoperative agitation,nausea and vomiting,regurgitation and aspiration and severe pain was recorded.Results MAP,heart rate,SpO2 and RR were all within the normal range during wake-up period in two groups.Compared with the baseline at To,MAP was significantly decreased at Ti,3,4 in group PR,and BIS value was decreased at T1-4 in DPR and PR groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group PR,MAP was significantly increased at T1.3,BIS value was decreased at T24,the wake-up time was shortened,Ramsay sedation score and wake-up quality were increased,the emergence time was shortened,and the incidence of agitation was deceased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in verbal rating scale scores assessed after extubation in group DPR (P ＞ 0.05).No cardiovascular events,respiratory depression,intraoperative awareness,postoperative nausea and voniting,regurgitation and aspiration or severe pain was found in two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can raise the quality of intraoperative wake-up test in the patients undergoing balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of BKV infection and compare the real-time PCR procedure and urinary sediment smears of patients checked for decoy cells. Methods The peripheral blood samples of 129 renal recipients were collected. According to the result of PCR, 129 patients were divided into 2 groups:①BKV-DNA(+);②BKV-DNA(-). The sex, age, cold ischemia time, hemotodialysis duration, immunosuppressive agent and other clinical parameters were compared between the 2 groups and a Logistic regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of BKV infection. Results There were 20(15. 5%) patients in BKV-DNA(+), 109(84. 5%)patients in BKV-DNA(-)group. Logistic regression found that the cold ischemia time, hematodialysis duration, living donor were significantly related to the BKV-DNA. The results of the real-time PCR procedure and urinary sediment smears of patients checked for decoy cells were related. Conclusion Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and urine decoy cell are good way for detection of BKV infection after renal transplantation. The cold ischemia time and hematodialysis duration and brain death donor were the risk factors of BKV infection post renal transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of mutations and expression of MUS81 gene with the tumorigenesis and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

METHODSPCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing were carried out to examine mutations at exons 9 and 10 of MUS81 gene in 42 LSCC samples, with paired adjacent normal laryngeal tissues (PANLs) as control. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of MUS81 gene in the specimens.

RESULTSNo mutation was detected in the control group. Among the 42 LSCC specimens, nineteen (45.2%) were found to harbor mutations, including 11(26.2%) occurring within exon 9, and 8 (19%) within exon 10. Seventeen (40.48%) samples showed lower mRNA level of the MUS81 gene (P<0.01), and same proportion of samples had lower protein level (P<0.01), suggesting that MUS81 gene was similarly down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the LSCC samples. Furthermore, mutations of MUS81 gene did not significantly correlate with TNM stages, age and lymphoid node metastasis (P>0.05). Nor did the expression of MUS81 gene with the TNM stages, age and lymphoid node metastasis in LSCC (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMutations and abnormal expression of MUS81 gene in the LSCC tissues were observed, which suggested that abnormalities of MUS81 gene may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of LSCC.

Age Factors ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Endonucleases ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism