As the moral principle that is to be obeyed in any circumstances by any individual,the ultimate principle of morality is defined as the quantization of the ultimate moral motives,and that is,the increase and decrease of every individual's total benefits.In the case that the individual benefit can't be balanced and benefit conflict occurs,this principle manifests as the "net surplus of maximal benefit".While in the case that individual benefits can be compatible with each other and no conflict occurs,this principle manifests as the "Pareto Standard",that is,the increase of total benefits without jeopardizing anyone's benefit.

Both Behaviourism(behavioral utilitarianism and behavioral obligationism) and Doctrinism(doctrine utilitarianism and doctrine obligationism) are jug-handled and incorrect theories on the serviceable range of ultimate moral norms and their relationships between other moral doctrines.However,the truth should be as follows.Only in case of extraordinary circumstances,that is,the moral norms are conflicted and contradicted,the moral norms are invalid,and only the final moral norms should be abided by.In all the other cases or in all the ordinary cases,the moral norms should be straightly followed and the ultimate moral norms be ultimately followed.

Being the ultimate ethical behavior,pure altruistic morality is the topmost principle of morality and virtue,and thus of the maximal values.Being the lowest ethical behavior,pure self-interested morality is the most insignificant principle of morality and virtue,and thus of the minimal values.Being compromised between the above two forms of virtues,the self-interested altruistic morality is the basic principle of morality and virtue,and thus of a moderate values between the other two ethical behaviors.In this triangle of ethical values,each value merely emphasizes itself and excludes the other two.Therefore,all of the three ethical principles of virtue are peer unilateral ethical truth that focus their own principles of virtue.

We studied the causes of Maltese-cross formed in biological liquid crystals. We conidered that the Maltese-cross is a kind of interfernce pattern of polarized light which passed through the biological liquid crystal. We had observed different interfernce patterns which were differ- ent shapes of Maltese-cross, under a convergent, perpendicular, polarized light micro- scope because the light-axis direction in biological liquid crystals is at pleasure.

Justice has no correlation with one's own stake,but is totally rooted in the ethical behaviors of other's stake,or in other words,the ethical behaviors of interpersonal stake exchange.Equal stake exchange is the so-called justice,and the utmost principle for judging the justice of all behaviors,such as the good return for goodness,sow the wind and reap the whirlwind,etc.Unequal stake exchange of evil is the unequality and the utmost principle for judging the unequality of all behaviors,such as no return for goodness,or to bite the hand that feeds one,etc.Unequal stake exchange of virtues,such as giving a well back for the goodness of a drop of water,is indifferent with the classification of justice or unequality,but an extra goodness surmounting justice,which is also known as benevolence and mercy.

Objective　To study the diagnostic value of pleural fluid telomerase activity in distinguishing a malignant from a benign pleural effusion. Methods　Using a PCR-based assay, telomerase activity was examined in the pleural fluid cells obstained from 69 patients with pleural effusions (37 malignant, 32 benign). Results were compared with cytologic evaluation and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Results　Of the 37 malignant specimens，26（70.27%）contained detectable telomerase activity. The positive rate in malignant pleural effusions was significantly higher than that in benign origin (2/32). Detection of telomerase in effusions was more sensitive than CEA level evaluation for the identification of pleural malignancy (telomerase assay: sensitivity=70.27%, specificity=93.75%; CEA: sensitivity=51.35%, specificity=96.87%). The consistant rate of telomerase with cytology was 54.05%. Conclusion　The detection of telomerase activity may be a useful adjunct to cytopathologic methods in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions. It may be useful in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusions.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of ECG QRS wave extension of the time limit for heart failure patients.Methods A retrospective analysis of heart failure patients electrocardiogram QRS complex duration and ultrasound heartbeat graph parameters were conducted,and according to the ECG QRS complex duration the patients were divided into QRS ≥ 120ms group and Q RS ＜ 120ms group,The cardiac functional grading,ultrasound heartbeat graph parameters,incidence rate of malignant arrhythmia,mortality within 1 year were compared between the two groups,in order to explore the possibility of QRS complex duration and the United States of America New York Heart Association(NYHA) classification of cardiac function,left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDd),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS),malignant arrhythmia incidence,mortality.Results No significant difference was found in the cardiac function between QRS ≥ 120ms group and QRS ＜120ms group(t =0.00,0.10,0.11,all P ＞ 0.05).LVEDd of ECG QRS complex duration ≥ 120ms group was significantly higher than that of ECG QRS complex duration ＜ 120ms group (t =3.31,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,LVFS value and LVEF value of ECG QRS complex duration≥ 120ms group were significantly lower than those of ECG QRS complex duration ＜ 120ms group (t =17.05,3.54,all P ＜0.05).However,LAD between the two groups had no significant difference(t =0.09,P ＞ 0.05).40 cases in ECG QRS complex duration ≥ 120ms group,8 cases had malignant arrhythmia in the hospital,6 cases of cardiac death,2 patients died of pulmonary infection.In ECG QRS complex duration ＜ 120ms group,4 cases had malignant arrhythmia during hospitalization,3 cases of cardiac death,1 cases died of septic shock.The incidence rate of malignant arrhythmia and mortality within 1 year of ECG QRS complex duration ≥120ms group were significantly higher than those of ECG QRS complex duration ＜ 120ms group (x2 =4.01,P ＜0.05).In the ECG QRS complex duration ≥ 120ms group,LVEDd of 6 cardiac death patients was higher than 70mm,LVEF was less than 30％.Conclusion Wave duration ≥ 120ms has nothing to do with the cardiac function grade,gender,age,heart failure,but relate with the incidence rate of malignant arrhythmia and mortality within 1 year,which can be used to evaluate disease severity and prognosis.

Objective To assess the whether the performance parameters of MEK‐7222K hematology analyzer conforming to the related requirements and applying in clinic .Methods MEK‐7222K hematology analyzer was used as the target analyzer .The blank test ,intra‐batch and inter‐batch precision test ,carryover rate test and linear verification were respectively performed .The whole blood WBC count detection results were compared between the MEK‐7222K hematology analyzer and the microscopic manual count for evaluating the accuracy of instrument measurement .Results The MEK‐7222K hematology analyzer met the requirements in the blank value ,intra‐batch precision ,inter‐batch precision and carryover rate ;the linear validation was passed ;the qualification rate of WBC classification met the accuracy requirement of WBC classification count .Conclusion The various performance parameters of the M EK‐7222K hematology analyzer meet the requirements and can be used in clinic .

A combination of Mexiletine and propranolol was administered in 40'patients suffering from ventricle extrasystole. The results suggest that the effect of the combination is superior to that of mexiletine administered alone

The current situation of medical metrology is expatiated and the advantages of medical metrology room is introduced. Some kinds of equipment can't be measured. Doctors and nurses don't attach enough importance to medical metrology work. Countermeasures are put forward.