Objective To Investigate the clinical relationship between the interstitial cystitis and female hormone imbalance.Methods A retrospective analysis of 58 cases of IC female patients in our hospital from January 2006 to April 2012.The patients' age ranged from 21 to 76 years,and the average age was 40.2±12.4 years old.The suffering time of disease ranged from 9 to 120 months,and the average duration was 64.3±55.7 months.At the 1st,12th,22th day of the menstrual cycle,the O'Leary-Sant and PUF questionnaires were used to score,in order to analyze the relationship between IC symptoms and the menstrual cycle.The symptoms scores between postmenopausal patients and No menopause patients were compared.At the same time,the medical records and follow-ups were reviewed for all patients.Results 51 cases of IC premenopausal female patients suffered more urinary frequency,urgency,and bladder pain during the menstrual period.The proportion respectively were 54.9 ％ (28/51),60.8％ (31/51).The O'Leary-Sant scores of the 1st day were more significant difference than the12th and the 22th day (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 12th day and the 22th day (P＞0.05).The PUF scores of the 1st day were significant different than the 12th and the 22th day (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 12th day and the 22th day (P＞0.05).The average scores of O'Leary-Sant and PUF in 7 postmenopausal patients were statistically significant lower than non-menopausal patients (P＜0.05).The incidence of 58 cases with uterine fibroids,breast hyperplasia,ovarian cysts,endometriosis (48.3％,41.4％,5.2％,13.8％) were higher than the average persons (P=0.001,0.460,0.001,0.048),which were significantly higher than the incidence of the general population (30.0％,40.0％,0.3％,7.0％) excepting breast hyperplasia.Conclusions The symptoms of urinary frequency,urgency,and bladder pain in IC patients were more serious during the menstrual period than the other periods.The symptoms of the non-postmenopausal patients were more serious than the postmenopausal patients.The incidence of IC patients associated with hormone imbalance diseases was higher than the general persons,indicating that the fluctuation of female hormone level was likely to be one cause of IC onset.

Objective To explore the correlation between anxiety,depression and the symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/PBS) patients,improving the psychological knowledge of IC/PBS patients,providing theoretical basis for psychological intervention.Methods During November 2009 to October 2011,54 IC/PBS patients including 42 women and 12 men patients were treated,with mean age of (41.0±12.4) years and mean course of the disease of (63.0±59.2) months.O'Leary-Sant questionnaire was used for IC/PBS symptoms assessment,and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain associated with bladder,Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used for anxiety assessment,and Beck Depression Inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) was used for depression assessment.The relationship between depression,anxiety and the symptoms of IC/PBS patients was evaluated.Results Of the 54 IC/PBS patients,mean ICSI score was (15.0±1.84) points,mean ICPI score was (8.0±2.6) points,mean O'Leary-Sant questionnaire score was (24.0±3.9) points,mean VAS score was (7.0± 1.0) points,mean anxiety score was (52.0± 7.2) points,with 35 cases (64.8％) suffering from anxiety symptoms.Mean depression symptoms score was (16.0±4.5) points,with 41 cases (75.9％) suffering from depressive symptoms.The degree of anxiety and depression were associated with education level,the sleep quality and monthly income of IC/PBS patients.Anxiety and depression had no definite correlation with marital status and working conditions.Anxiety and depression were closely related (proportion) with the symptoms (frequency,urgency,pain or discomfortrelated to bladder) of IC/PBS patients.Conclusions Anxiety and depression are common in patients with IC/PBS,and they are related to symptom severity.In order to improve the quality of life,much attention must be paid to psychological condition assessment and treatment of IC/PBS patients.

Objective To evaluate the incidence of postoperative epididymitis by laparoscopic cluster ligation and laparoscopic internal spermatic vein high ligation in the treatment of varicocele. Methods Forty-four cases of bilateral varicocele were retrospectively analyzed , who had undergone laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation. The 22 cases were treated with laparoscopic cluster ligation, and the other 22 cases with laparoscopic internal spermatic vein high ligation. The effects and the reasons of two kinds of surgical procedures on postoperative epididymitis were investigated. Results A total of seven patients were affected with postoperative epididymitis. The incidence of laparoscopic cluster ligation was 27.27%. The incidence of laparoscopic internal spermatic vein high ligation was 4.55%. All cases were affected within 4 weeks after surgery. Conclusion It is important to reserve the spermatic artery for decreasing the incidence of postoperative epididymitis.

Objective To classify patients with pelvic pain and to improve the understanding of etiology and to guide treatment by using a clinical phenotype system (UPOINT) and to examine the relationship between UPOINT and symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Methods From November 2009 to October 2011,54 IC/PBS patients including 42 female and 12 male patients were treated.The mean age was 41.0 ± 12.4 yrs (range from 21 to 76 yrs).Median symptom duration was 63.0 ± 59.2 months ( range from 6 to 240 months).54 patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome were classified in each domain of UPOINT,that was urinary,psychosocial,organ specific,infection,neurological/systemic and tenderness.Symptoms were assessed using the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index,Pain/Urgency/Frequency score and visual analogue scale for pain/urgency/frequency.Clinically relevant associations were calculated. Results In the 54 IC/PBS patients,median ICSI score was 15.0 ± 1.84 points ( range from 9 to 19 points) ; Median PUF was 20.0 ± 2.3 points ( range from 14 to 25 points) ; Median pain associated with bladder score of VAS was 7.0 ± 1.0 points (range from 5 to 10 points).The percent positive for each domain was urinary 100％,psychosocial 44％,organ specific 96％,infection 33％,neurological/systemic 24％ and tenderness 28％,respectively.All patients were included in at least 2 domains,with 2 domains of 11％,3 domains of 38％,4 domains of 36％,5 domains of 13％ and 6 domains of 2％.The number of domains was associated with greater symptom duration ( Spearman r =0.76,P ＜0.01 ) but not age.The number of domains was also associated with poorer general interstitial cystitis and pain symptoms ( Spearman r =0.89,P ＜ 0.01 ) but not with frequency or urgency.The psychosocial domain was associated with increased pain,urgency and frequency,while tenderness was associated with increased ICSI score,PUF score and urgency.The neurological/systemic domain was associated with increased ICSI score while the infection domain was not associated with any increased symptoms. Conclusions The UPOINT phenotyping system can classify patients with interstitial cystitis according to clinically relevant domains.The UPO1NT system can act as the guiding theoretical basis for directing multimodal therapy,it deserves clinical promotion.

Objective To analyze the causes of under-staging in first transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) and find out solutions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 cases (93 males and 25 females) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and compared the grade and stage between the first TURBt with the second transurethral resection (TUR) or partial cystectomy (PC) or radical cystectomy (RC) from January 2006 to March 2011.The mean patient age was 63.0 ±8.6 yrs.The tumors located in lateral,dome and posterior wall were 71,23,24 respectively; 75 of them were with single and 43 were with multifocal lesions; the sizes of tumor ranged from 0.5 -4.0 cm and 39 of them were ≥3.0 cm; The procedures performed by senior and junior urologist were 53 and 65 cases,respectively.In the study,we used the 2004 WHO/ISUP and 2002 TNM classification system for grading and staging.The data were analyzed with x2 and the logistic regression test to find out the causes of under-staging in first TURBt. Results There were 13 and 105 cases with high-grade Ta and T1 (low-grade T1 44 cases,high-grade T1 61 cases) in first TURBt,respectively.The finial stages were low-grade Ta(2),high-grade Ta(6),low-grade T1 (36),highgrade T1 ( 38 ),T2 (36) and 39 cases (33.1 ％ ) were under staged ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There were 17 and 22 under-staged cases compared with the second-TUR group (60 cases) and PC/RC groups (58 cases),respectively.The reasons of under-staging were related to tissue morphology changes (63 cases) and the absence of the detrusor muscle (56 cases) in specimens collected during the first TURBt.Multivariate analyses revealed that large tumors ( ≥3 cm),and lateral/dome/anterior wall tumors were independent risk factors to the absence of the detrusor muscle in the resected specimens with OR (95％ CI):3.766 ( 1.263 -11.225 ),and OR (95 ％ CI):5.951 (2.186 - 16.203 ),respectively.While surgery performed by senior surgeons was the protective factor to the presence of detrusor muscle,OR (95％ CI):0.274 (0.127 -0.593). Conclusions It is difficult for the first TURBt to completely avoid under-staging.The causes were related to tissues morphology changes and the absence of underlying detrusor muscle in specimens collected during the first TURBT procedure.Tissues morphology changes and the absence of detrusor muscle are related to the tumors location and size.A senior urologist and second-TUR can improve the under-staging.

Objective To evaluate the repairing effect of pedicle omentum on severe ureteral in-jury. Methods Twenty healthy dogs were randomized into the experiment group and the control group. Firstly the model of severe ureteral injury was made. In experimental group, the pedicle omen-turn were used to wrap up the severe injured ureter, but which was no done in control group. Urinary fistula and ureteral necrosis were observed. At 12 weeks postoperatively,the models were re-operated to investigate whether the severe injured ureters had healed. Angiogenesis, VEGF and its receptor KDR were also examined in stoma and surrounding tissue histopathologically. Results No urinary fistula was observed in experimental group, but 2 cases in control group were dead because of recurrent abdominal cavity infection after the formation of urinary fistula. The mucosa and smooth muscle of stoma were completely regenerated, and the blood vessels were regenerated more significantly in expe-rimental group than in the control group. In experimental group, the VEGF and KDR were over-ex-pressed, and the positive cell rates were (12. 65±0. 02)% and (10. 23±0. 03)%. But in control group, the stoma were not healed, and severe ureters1 strictures were observed in all dogs. Angiogene-sis was not signifieant, the VEGF and KDR positive cell rates were (1.54±0. 03)% and (2. 654± 0.04)%, respectively. Conelusions Pedicled omentum can promote the repair of severe ureteral in-jury. The mechanism may be the over expression of VEGF and KDR in prompting angiogenesis.

AIM: To study the effects of CIK cocultured with DC that pulsed with RCC antigen on renal carcinoma cells.METHODS: DC and CIK cells were generated respectively by cytokines from PBMC of healthy blood donor.Cell surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry.Then CIK were cocultured with autologous DC that was(or not) pulsed with RCC antigen(786-0 cells).Cytotoxic activity against 786-0 or PC3 cells was measured by MTT assay under three different conditions: CIK cocultured with DC which was pulsed with 786-0 antigen(group A);CIK cocultured with DC which is not pulsed with 786-0 antigen(group B);CIK without DC(group C).RESULTS: The cytotoxic activity of three groups against 786-0 cells was(70.64?8.26)%,(53.40?7.33)%,(46.64?6.01)%,respectively(E/T=(20∶1)).Significant differences between group A and group B or between group A and group C were observed(P

Objective To compare the curative effects of Pauwels cannulated screws (PCS) and DHS-blade plus anti-rotation screw +anti-rotation screw(DHSA +AS) in the treatment of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fractures.Methods From December 2013 to December 2015,46 patients with fresh Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture were treated with internal fixation at our department.They were divided into 2 groups according to different fixation methods.In the DHSA + AS group of 25 patients,13 were male and 12 female,with an average age of 49.2 ± 8.2 years,and there were 3 cases of Garden type Ⅱ,4 cases of Garden type Ⅲ and 18 cases of Garden type Ⅳ.In the PCS Group of 21 patients,11 were male and 10 female,with an average age of 48.7 ± 6.2 years,and there were 2 cases of Garden type Ⅱ,6 cases of Garden type Ⅲ and 13 cases of Garden type Ⅳ.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,reduction quality,hospital stay,union time,postoperative complications and Harris hip score.Results DHSA + AS group needed significantly longer operation time (54.0 ± 7.3 minutes) and incurred significantly more intraoperative blood loss (102.3 ± 10.5 mL) than PCS group (46.3 ± 5.4 minutes & 77.4 ±9.1 mL,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in reduction quality,hospital stay,or union time (P ＞ 0.05).DHSA + AS group and PCS group obtained an average follow-up of 14.1 ± 1.6 months and 13.7 ± 1.2 months,respectively.For DHSA + AS group and PCS group,the rate of postoperative complications was respectively 12.0％ (3/25) versus 4.8％ (1/91),and the Harris hip score at the last follow-up respectively 83.6 ± 5.4 versus 85.1 ± 5.5,showing no significant differences between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DHSA + AS and PCS are both suitable internal fixation options for patients with Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture when reduction is fine.Compared with DHSA + AS,PCS may need less operation time and incur less intraoperative blood loss.

Objective To compare and analyze the effect of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy compare with traditional open surgical in treatment of kidney stones outcome. Methods Selected 120 patients with kidney stones from January 2009 to January 2014 in our hospital, all patients had complete clinical data, included 60 cases of renal sinus traditional lines pelvis lithotomy, established as the control group, and the remaining 60 routine minimally inva-sive percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery, set up minimally invasive group, the operative time, blood loss, postoperative fistula time and hospital stay and complications were compared between two groups. Results 60 patients with invasive group homogeneity of puncture success and smooth gravel, stone successful in 58 cases, the success rate was 96.7%(58/60). Intraoperative complications pneumothorax, colon injury does not appear, one-time stone clearance rate was 80.0%(48/60). Stable vital signs after surgery, no nephrectomy, severe complications wound fistula, pneumothorax oc-curred. 4 cases of postoperative urinary tract infection sustained high fever, anti-infection cure. 1 case duodenal injury control group intraoperative peritoneal injury in 2 cases, 2 cases of postoperative fever, intestinal fistula, urinary tract infection in 8 cases. Operative time, blood loss, postoperative fistula compare the time and duration of hospitalization, of observation group improved significant than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of kidney stones with less trau-ma, less bleeding, fewer complications, shorter hospital stays and can be worthy of promotion and application.