Objective To explore the risk and prognosis factor of cranial nerve injury in non acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related cryptococcal meningitis.Methods The clinical data of 115 patients with non-AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis were reviewed retrospectively.Clinical characteristics,initial antifungal therapies and outcome of these patients were analyzed.The risk and prognosis factor was performed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results The incidence of cranial nerve injury was 35.7％(41/115).Among of them,the involved ratio was 48.8％ (20/41),39.0％ (16/41),24.4％ (10/41),12.2％ (5/41),7.3％ (3/41),4.9％ (2/41) in optic nerve,oculomotor nerve,acoustic nerve,abducent nerve,olfactory nerve,facial nerve.Predictive risk factor for cranial nerve injury was duration of diagnosis (OR =1.057,95％ CI 1.003-1.112),low cerebrospinal fluid cell count and intracranial hypertension were also the independent predictive factors (both P ＜ 0.05).In the follow-up peried,72.2％ (26/36) patients who had cranial nerve injury were fully recovered,with a median time of 0.5-24.0 (3.8 ±1.7) months.The independent predictors of recovery were numbers of nerve involved (OR =0.241,95 ％ CI 0.067-0.801,P =0.023) and combination therapy (OR =10.328,95 ％ CI 2.087-51.026,P =0.006).Condusions Cranial nerve injury is common in non-AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis.Delay in diagnosis,intracranial hypertension and low cerebrospinal fluid cell count are independent predictive factors.Less cranial nerve involvement and combination therapy predicts recovery.

AIM: To observe the restorative effect of compound flap transplantation on the scar of functional position after burns. METHODS: Twenty inpatients with scar of functional position after burns treated by compound flap transplantation were selected from the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Liuzhou Medical College between May 2002 and December 2005, and all patients knew and agreed with the items. All patients were removed of the scar of functional position under whole-anesthetization to transplant the acellular allogenic dermis (It was manufactured by Beijing Dieyalaifu Biotechnological Co., Ltd of Guangxi Beisheng Pharmaceutical Group, and it was characteristics of soft, flexible with better tenacity. Besides, it was milk white in net with two kinds of surfaces: smooth surfaces and rough surfaces). Acellular allogenic dermis of rough surface closely adhered to the wound with smooth surface up toward, and the wound was sutured. Autologous skin grafts (obtained from scalp, trunk or extremities) were transplanted into acellular allogenic dermis, and the flap gaps shall be kept as small as possible, so as to reduce the exposure of acellular allogenic dermis. Wounds were dressed at 2 weeks postoperation, and the follow-up was conducted regularly. The survival rate, contraction rate, the smooth and glossy degree, skin elasticity, joint function, and healing of donors were observed from 2 weeks to one year after the surgery. RESULTS: Twenty patients were followed after compound flap transplantation with the time ranged from one month to one year, including 4 patients within 1-3 months, 3 patients within 3-6 months, and 13 patients within 6 months to one year. Thirty functional positions out of 31 healed in the first period. While the flap in another position was influenced by exposed acellular allogenic dermis due to over large gaps among autoallergic flaps. The survival rate of transplanted flap was 93.00%, and the flaps transplanted were smooth in appearance with proper elasticity and less contraction, and the joint range of motion was better. The skin of donor site recovered better. CONCLUSION: Compound flaps can significantly ameliorate the functional disturbance and deformities caused by scar of functional position after burns with high survival rate.

Objective To study the value of MR diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in the staging of chronic kidney disease(CKD).Method MR diffusion tensor imaging was used on 26 CKD patients.All patients were diagnosed as CKD according to the criteria of clinical diagnostic.All MR images achieved diagnostic requirements.Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(99mTc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging was used to determine the unilateral renal function.CKD patients were determined as mildly renal impairment group and moderately to severely renal impairment group based on the glomerular filtration rate(GFR).Twenty healthy volunteers underwent DTI at the same time.The cortical and medullary ADC value and FA value were measured in all subjects who underwent conventional MRI and DTI.The paired Student's t test was used to compare the cortico-medullary difference of the mean ADC and FA values in all subjects.The oneway analysis of variance(ANOVA) was carried out to assess the difference among the medullary and cortical diffusion parameters(ADC,FA) of all the three groups,and LSD was used to assess multiple comparisons.The correlation of GFR and ADC value of the patients,and FA value of the patients were tested by Pearson correlation analysis.Results The cortical and medullary ADC values of 46 subjects were(2.25±0.25) × 10-3 and(2.10±0.20) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively,FA of them were(3.48±0.61) and(4.27±0.75) respectively(t =6.754,10.043 respectively; P＜0.01).The cortical ADC values of volunteers,mild renal impairment group,severely renal impairment group were(2.25±0.22) ×10-3,(2.31±0.19) ×103,(2.18±0.32) ×10-3mm2/s respectively.The medullary ADC value of the three groups were(2.09±0.19) × 10-3,(2.17±0.17) × 10-3,(2.06±0.24) × 10-3mm2/s respectively(F=0.968,0.882 respectively; P＞0.05).The cortical FA values of the three groups were 3.85± 0.47,3.18±0.62,3.20±0.52 respectively.The medullary FA of the three groups were 4.92±0.38,3.93±0.57,3.62 ± 0.53(F=8.725,33.705 respectively; P＜0.01).There was no correlation between cortical ADC,medullary ADC,cortical FA of the patients and GFR [(30.14±15.79) ml· min-1 · 1.73 m-2](r =0.243,0.197,0.196 respectively; P＞0.05).There was a positive correlation between medullary FA of the patients and GFR (r=0.556,P=0.003).Conclusion FA value has certain value in evaluating CKD early diagnosis and renal function.

Aim To study absorption characteristics of SM-1 , a novel anti-tumor agent , to provide a research basis for the druggability evaluation of SM-1 and formu-lation design. Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model were used to study the absorption characteristics of SM-1 , and the absorption of SM-1 in vivo was evaluated through absolute bioavailability study in rats. Results The results of cell monolayer model showed that cu-mulative absorption and efflux of SM-1 increased line-arly with concentration ( 10 ~40 mg · L-1 ) . There were no significant differences in Papp with different concentrations ( P>0. 05 ) . SM-1 was absorbed mainly through passive diffusion. The intestinal perfusion re-sults showed that Ka and Pef of SM-1 had no significant differences ( P > 0. 05 ) , when the concentrations ranged from 25 to 100 mg · L-1 . SM-1 entered the systemic circulation mainly via on passive diffusion, indicating it is a compound with high permeability. The absorption of SM-1 in duodenum was superior to other intestinal segments ( P <0. 05 ) , there were no significant differences in the jejunum, ileum and colon ( P >0. 05 ) . The absolute bioavailability of SM-1 in rats was 29. 3%. Conclusion The membrane perme-ability of SM-1 is high and it can be absorbed by intes-tine well. The absorption mechanism of SM-1 is pas-sive diffusion, and it possibly escapes from the efflux transporter protein. The absolute bioavailability of SM-1 in rats is low.

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a common respiratory disease in clinic, and with a pathological manifestation of pulmonary edema, decreased pulmonary compliance as well as pulmonary epithelial/endothelial cells injury. At present, it was suggested that systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by various causes which play an important role in the occurrence and development of ALI/ARDS. Widely activated neutrophils can migrate to lung tissue and release plenty of proteases in the procedure of SIRS, including neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and collagenase, which can induce severe lung injury. Meanwhile, NSPs, such as neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CG), proteinase 3 (PR3) and neutrophil serine proteinase 4 (NSP4), are important in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, Serpins may protect lung tissue by inhibiting NSPs. However, the specific mechanism of Serpins is not totally clear. In this article, we will discuss the mechanism of action of NSPs in the inflammatory response of ALI/ARDS, the structural overview of Serpins, the primary role of Serpins in ALI/ARDS,such as the inhibition of NSPs activity, other roles of Serpins in ALI/ARDS, such as the inhibition of inflammatory factor release, regulation of apoptosis and protection of vascular endothelial cells and pulmonary surfactant-associated glycoprotein D (SP-D), and the clinical application of exogenous Serpins in ALI/ARDS to explore the role of Serpins in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. The aim is to provide new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of ALI/ARDS.

To improve spinosyn-producing strain and enhance spinosyns yield, we studied the effects of glycin concentration and the operational time, temperature and lysozyme concentration on protoplast preparation of Saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081. We also studied different regeneration media and osmotic stabilizing agents. In addition, we compared the change of morphology and spinosyns yield of the regenerated strains. The results showed that the Saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081 protoplast yield was the highest under these conditions: the collected mycelium from SP06081 grown in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium with 0.2% glycin for 48 h was treated by 0.1 mg/mL lysozyme at 28 degrees C for 20 min, then plated on the R2YE medium with sucrose as osmotic stabilizer, the number of regeneration protoplast was up to 10(8)/mL. The protoplast-regenerated strains exhibited changes in morphology and antibiotic production, 29.3% protoplast-regenerated strains was characterized by loose mycelium and abundant broken branches as did their parent. Among them, 58.2% strains presented the trend to positive variation in spinosad yield, with the highest spinosad yield of up to 582.0 mg/L, 85.6% higher than that of their parent. There is significant correlation between the morphological differentiation and antibiotic yield of the protoplast-regenerated strains from spinosyn-producing strain.
Culture Media ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Glycine ; pharmacology ; Insecticides ; metabolism ; Macrolides ; metabolism ; Muramidase ; pharmacology ; Protoplasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Regeneration ; Saccharopolyspora ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in children with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (cITP).Methods:The clinical data of 13 children with cITP in Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from July 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 13 children with cITP, 7 males and 6 females, the median age was 5 years old, the median duration of illness was 2.2 years. The median therapy duration of eltrombopag was 5 months, the median maintenance dose was 25.0 mg/d, the median time to response was 4 weeks; complete response was in 5 cases, partial response was in 2 cases; 2 cases had skin disease, 1 case had arthralgia, 1 case had liver function abnormal, all complications did not cause serious impact.Conclusions:Eltrombopag was an effective and safe therapeutic option for children with cITP.

Thirty-three patients with severe extracranial neuralgia after craniotomy(21 male, 12 female), aged 20-59 yr, in whom drug treatment was ineffective, 27 patients with headache following a-cute craniotomy(within 3 months)and 6 patients with headache after long-time craniotomy(more than 3 months)underwent neural blockade from January 2010 to March 2017 in Pain Clinic at our hospital. Their treatment and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. The solution for neural blockade contained triamcin-olone acetonide 10 ml and 0.4% lidocaine solution and was injected into each puncture site(1-3 ml). Pain scores were decreased after the initial neural blockade when compared with that before therapy. Among the 27 patients with headache after acute craniotomy, there were 26 patients(96%)in whom complete pain relief was achieved only after one block and 1 patient(4%)after 2 times of block. Among the 6 pa-tients with headache after long-time craniotomy, there were 3 patients(50%)in whom complete pain re-lief was achieved after 2 times of block, 2 patients(33%)after 3 times and 1 patient(17%)after 4 times. The average time of achieving complete pain relief was 5(1-30)days. No recurrence was found during one-month follow-up period. No infection at the puncture site, injection pain or related adverse reac-tions after application of steroid hormones was observed. Neural blockade can be safely and effectively used to treat severe extracranial neuralgia after craniotomy.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common non-somatic disorder in stroke patients,and the pathogenesis has not been clarified.The PSD can reduce the quality of life and social function for the stroke patients,and shorten the life span of stroke patients.With the development of imaging technology,the new MR imaging techniques and the computeraided whole brain MRI image analyses have been widely used to study the structure,function and metabolic changes of the brain recently.These new techniques and methods can help the scholars to explore the risk factors and related mechanisms of PSD from various perspectives,which is of great significance to understand the PSD.The applications of MRI in PSD were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of the Caprini risk assessment model in predicting deep venous thrombosis in hos-pitalized patients with malignant tumors. Methods:Deep venous thrombosis screening was performed in 504 patients with malignant tumors who were hospitalized in Beijing Shijitan Hospital between January 2015 and January 2017. Their Caprini thrombosis risk mod-el scores and risk classifications were analyzed and compared with those of the Khorana risk model. Results:The median Caprini score of patients with deep venous thrombosis was 6 (range 4-8), which was higher than the score of 5 (range 4-7) in the group without deep venous thrombosis (Z=10.033, P=0.004). Statistically significant differences in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis were found among the low-medium, high-, and extremely high-risk groups (Z=-1.933, P=0.053). The area under the receiver-operating char-acteristic curve (AUC) of the Caprini scores was 0.611 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.69, P=0.004], and the cutoff value was 6 points, with the largest Youden index. The AUC of the Khorana model was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.57-0.72, P<0.001), and the difference be-tween the Khorana and Caprini models was not statistically significant (Z=0.674, P=0.500). The AUC of the Caprini model was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.66-0.96, P<0.01) and that of the Khorana model was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47-0.84, P=0.18) in the patients who underwent malig-nant tumor surgery. The AUC of the Khorana model was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61-0.82, P=0.01) and that of the Caprini model was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44-0.67, P=0.54) in the non-operative patients who received chemotherapy. Conclusions:The Caprini and Khorana risk assess-ment models have certain predictive values, but the discrimination is not good. The Caprini model is providing better predictability in patients with malignant tumors treated with surgery. The Khorana model is suitable for non-operative patients who received chemo-therapy. Further studies on the application of the Caprini risk assessment model in patients with malignant tumors are needed.