Objective To conduct the anatomical observation and measurement on adult temporal bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal structures to accumulate the anatomical data and provide anatomical basis for clinical internal ear surgery.Methods Thirty sides(left 16 and right 14)of adult dry temporal bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal structures were anatomically observed and the related structures were measured.Results (1) The specimen observation:the vestibule was egg conical cavity,and angle between long axis and sagittal plane was about 33°.The floor of internal auditory canal were divided into four districts,which angle between the inferior surface and vestibule was about 90°,the connection between tractus spiralis foraminosus bone crest of cochlea area and inguinal ring of cochlear spiral canal was the same rotated laps.(2)The data measurement:the comparison of means in various measurement items had no statistical differences between the left side and right side(P＞0.05);the comparison of mean length and crus distance had statistical differences among superior semicircular canal,posterior semicircular canal,lateral semicircular canal(P＜0.05);the comparison of means had statistical difference among posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal,lateral semicircular canal(P＜0.05),but the comparison of means had no statistical difference between superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal(P＞0.05).Conclusion The means of various measurement items in bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal have no difference between the left side and right side;the comparison of length means:posterior semicircular canal＞superior semicircular canal＞lateral semicircular canal;the comparison of crus distance means:superior semicircular canal＞ lateral semicircular canal＞posterior semicircular canal;the comparison of diameter means:posterior semicircular canal＞superior and lateral semicircular canal,but the diameter has no difference between superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal.

Objective To explore the method and significance for constructing three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung. Methods A set of pig lung specimen was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the trachea,and then casted. The Mimics 15. 0 was used to construct three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung by utilizing CT data of the cast specimen. Results In the reconstructed three-dimensional visual model of bronchial tree,the three-dimensional effect was realistic. This model not only clearly showed each lobar direction and distribution of bronchial tree,but also allowed three-dimensional arbitrary scaling,shifting or rotating at any angle, and the diameter and distance of each lobar bronchus could be measured with the sofeware. Conclusion The three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung can be successfully reconstructed from the CT dataset by using related sofeware like Mimics,which can bring morphological reference to anatomical teaching and will be helpful to the development of virtual operation.

Scientific research capacity of college students is the direct embodiment in innova-tive qualities. Taking Zhaoqing Medical College as an example, by guiding students anatomy innova-tion practice activities including literature review, fund grant application, research experiments and achievement paper writing, and guiding the two team works such as Challenge Cup prize at the provincial level, the author elaborates on the fact that teachers and students building team is an effec-tive way to cultivate students' innovative ability, so as to make the positive exploration for establishing innovative talents of training system in higher vocational colleges.

AIM:To explore the surgical effect of total hip joint replacement on the severe degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip dysplasia.METHODS:The experiment was carried out in the Department of pedics,General Hospital of Chinese PLA between June 1998 and December 2005.①116 adult patients(128 hips) with arthritis secondary to dysplastic hip received total hip replacement,including 13 males(15 hips) and 113 females(106 hips),aged from 16 to 66 years(average of 42.6 years).According to Crowe classification system,there were 57 cases(60 hips) of typeⅠ,20(23 hips) of typeⅡ,16(20 hips) of type Ⅲ and 23(25 hips) of type Ⅳ.②The acetabula were reconstructed at the true acetabular location.Except one case,all patients were given biological fixation of cementless acetabular cups including 83 hips with routine total hip replacement,and 27 hips with smaller cup;11 hips with routine total hip replacement after granular bone grafting,and 7 hips with a smaller cup after autologous femoral grafting on the superior margin of acetabula.119 biological prostheses were used to reconstruct the femoral cups including 4 common cemented shafts,6 long cemented shafts,and 4 S-ROM prostheses.③Harris hip score was adopted to evaluate the hip function,and X-ray photographs were used to observe the location of prostheses.RESULTS:①The Harris hip scores increased from 38.5 preoperatively to 88.5 postoperatively.②No prosthesis displacement,dislocation of hip joint or repair was found in patients,and the length of treated limbs meanly prolonged by 2.3 cm.Additionally,the incision healed primarily.③Radiographically,the positions of the prostheses were normal,and the bone grafts fused with the host bone successfully.The average bone coverage was 95%(90%-100%);radiolucentline was observed at between the acetabular cup and host acetabula in 2 cases,and 1 at femur.④Adverse effects:Sciatic nerve tension injury was found in 1 case and recovered in 4 months,the femoral nerve tension injury in 1 case and recovered in 3 months,and hip rest pain remained in 4 cases.CONCLUSION:In the treatment of arthritis secondary to dysplastic hip with total hip replacement,it is better to reconstruct the acetabulum at the true acetabular location.Moreover,the individualized appropriate selection of femoral prostheses is a key factor to obtain good curative effects.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and drug resistance of gram -negative bacillus in Department of Respiratory Medicine.Methods 100 patients in Department of Respiratory Medicine were selected, analyzed the clinical characteristic and drug resistance of 125 strains of gram -negative bacillus that was separated. Results 125 strains of pathogenic gram negative bacilli were isolated out of 100 patients,among which 34 strains were pneumonia klebsiella bacteria,24 strains were acinetobacter baumannii,18 strains were pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 strains were enterobacter cloacae,18 strains were escherichia coli and 21 strains were other bacteria.Results The drug resistance rates were 79.4%,76.5%,76.5% and 76.5% respectively in klebsiella pneumoniae to amikacin, cefotaxime,ampicillin and imipenem,was more sensitive to meropenem and cefoperazone,the drug resistance rate was 100.0% in acinetobacter baumannii to ampicillin and cefazolin,and was 91.7% to ceftriaxone,and the resistance rate for other drugs are higher generally.The drug resistance rate was 100.0% in pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin and ceftriaxone,and was 94.4% to cefotaxime and levofloxacin,the drug resistance rate was 90.0% in enterobacter cloacae to ampicillin,and was 60.0% to ceftriaxone,cefazolin and cefoxitin,the drug resistance rate on the other drug was relatively low.Conclusion Klebsiella pneumoniae,acinetobacter baumanni and pseudomonas aeruginosa were the main gram negative bacillis the cause hospitalized patients with drug resistance.

Objective To evaluate the three-dimensional reconstruction and significance of arterial cast on chronic venous insufficiency of low extremity. Methods A set of specimen on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity amputation residues was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the femoral artery,and then casted. The CT data of the cast specimen was used to reconstruct 3D modal of ar-tery on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity,using the volume rendering(VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP). Re-sults The cast specimen and 3D reconstruction of chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity amputation residues could clearly dis-play distribution and run of lower extremity arteries,blood supply of lesion and local region embolism of small artery ( arteriole) . Conclusion The 3D modal of artery on chronic venous insufficiency of left lower extremity should provide morphological basis of exact etiology and perfect pathogenesis,also has a certain guiding significance of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the changes of fractalkine (FKN) in rat model of acute liver failure (ALF) and the role of FKN in liver inflammatory injury.Methods SD rats were divided into tWO groups:6 in normal group and 36 in model group.D-galactosamine(D-Gal) was used to induce ALF in model group.The sera and hepatic tissue samples were collected at 12,24,48,72,120 andl68 h.After D-Gal injection.FKN mRNA and nuclear factor(NF)-kB mRNA in hepatic tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) at 12 h were(208.3±43.5)U/L and (375.2±117.3)lJ/L,respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in normal group[(31.8±2.9)U/L and (90.8±3.1)U/L](t=-9.912 and-5.935,respectively,both P<0.01);the levels of ALT and AST peaked at 72 h after D-Gal injection.The levels of FKN mRNA(O.086±0.009)in model group at 12 h were significantly higher than those (O.044±0.009) in normal group(t=-7.999.P<0.01),and peaked at 72 h (O.333±0.033),then decreased obviously at 120 h. The levels of NF-KB mRNA in the liver of normal rats were very little;and the levels in model group were increased gradually over time,then peaked at 72 h (O.583±0.i01,t=-12.607,P<0.01).FKN mRNA and NF0kB mRNA were positively correlated (r=0.760,P<0.01).Conclusion The FKN expression may play all important role in liver inflammatory injury in rat model of acute liver failure, which could provide a new approach for ALF therapy.

BACKGROUNDCorrect diagnosis is very important to patients with suspected lung cancer. According to the higher ¹⁸F-FDG intake of tumor tissues much more than normal tissues, this study evaluates the clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG dual-head coincidence SPECT/CT in diagnosis of lung cancer.

METHODSSixty-one patients with lung mass underwent ¹⁸F-FDG dual-head coincidence SPECT/CT imaging and thoracic CT imaging before operation. These imageological results were compared with histological examination of lung mass.

RESULTSThe sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-SPECT/CT in differentiating malignant and benign lesions were 82%, 87%, 84%, respectively. Compared with thoracic CT imaging, diagnostic rate of mediastinal lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher by ¹⁸F-FDG-SPECT/CT (52% vs 81%, P < 0.05) .

CONCLUSIONSCombined functional-anatomical image of ¹⁸F-FDG-SPECT/CT has potential to improve staging and localizing procedures of lung cancer. It is an excellent modality in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise on learning and memory after cerebral ischemia. Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a model group and a treadmill training group ( n=30 for each) , which were further subdivided into groups to receive 7 days, 14 days or 28 days of training with 10 rats in each. The training was treadmill running at 10 m/min for 30 min a day. Cerebral ische-mia was induced in the model and training groups using permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The training began three days after the operation. Morris water maze tests were used to measure the rats′ learning and memory ability, and Nissl staining was employed to detect the survival rates of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Results The average escape latency in the treadmill trained group had shortened significantly by day 7, then further by days 14 and 28. It was significantly shorter than the model group′s average at each time point. The average platform crossing time increased significantly compared with the model group′s average. Few dead neu-rons were observed in the sham-operated group. On days 14 and 28 the average survival rate of pyramidal neurons in the model group was significantly lower than in the treadmill training group or the sham-operated group, though there was no significant difference on day 7. Conclusion Treadmill training can improve learning and memory after cere-bral ischemia, at least in rats. Better effects can be observed after longer training.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnosis and surgical treatment techniques for the patients with primary presacral tumor.Methods Data from 31 patients with primary presacral tumor admitted into our Department for Surgery from Jan. 1999 to Jar. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent surgical treatment,among them,10 received per-sacroiliac or per-perineum approaches to remove the tumors,18 receivedper-abdomentumorectomy, and3receivedcombinedper-peritoneumandper-perineum tumorectomy.Results Patients visited the doctor while exhibiting the compression symptoms by the the tumors.Final diagnosis could be reached with the help of rectal touch,B-mode ultrasound,computerized tomography,or magnetic resonance imaging.Complete resection was performed in 28 patients.Partial resection was performed in 3 patients.Fractionated resection was successfully performed in 2 patients with chronic infection or sinus tract.ConclusionThe primary presacral tumor should be surgically resected once final diagnosised and without surgical contraindications.Pelvic plexus should be preserved and presacral hemorrhage should be prevented.The tumor should be resected as complete as possible.