Urban and periurban agriculture (UPA) is the important part of modern agriculture. It can resolve the food supply to city residents, increase employments and improve the urban ecosystem. But without proper management and reasonable programming, UPA also can carry heavy burden to urban environment and impact people's health. This paper specifically analyzed the potential risks of urban agriculture and suggested preventive and control measures.

BACKGROUND: Studies showed that both anterior cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical decompression and fusion can achieve good clinical result in cervical spondylosis. However, it is not conclusive about which kind of surgical method has an advantage in avoiding the adjacent segment degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect on adjacent segment degeneration of single segment cervical disc herniation treated with anterior cervical decompression and fusion and anterior cervical disc replacement. METHODS: We col ected clinical data of 178 patients with cervical disc herniation and receiving anterior cervical disc replacement or anterior cervical decompression and fusion from January 2009 to December 2012. A retrospective analysis was performed. There were 116 cases in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group and 62 cases in the anterior cervical disc replacement group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Evaluation: visual analogue scale score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores and neck disability index were improved significantly in both groups during final fol ow-up compared with that pre-treatment (P < 0.05). (2) No significant difference in range of motion of operation segment, adjacent upper segment and adjacent lower segment was detected between final fol ow-up and pre-operation in the anterior cervical disc replacement group (P > 0.05). At 3 months after surgery, in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group, surgical segment was confluent, and range of motion lost. During final fol ow-up, range of motion of adjacent upper segment and adjacent lower segment was significantly increased, and the increased range of motion in the upper segment was bigger than that of the lower segment (P < 0.05). (3) During final fol ow-up, X-ray films and MRI images revealed the number of degenerated adjacent segment was more in the anterior cervical decompression and fusion group than in the anterior cervical disc replacement group (P <0.05). The number of degenerated middle and upper segments was more than that of the lower segment in both groups (P < 0.05). (4) The findings confirmed that anterior cervical disc replacement or anterior cervical decompression and fusion for treating cervical disc herniation could effectively relieve nerve symptoms of patients. However, compared with the anterior cervical disc replacement, adjacent segment degeneration occurs more commonly after anterior cervical decompression and fusion.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of one stage surgery of release and bone reduction by posterior approach to treat basilar invagination (BI) with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD),and to explore the indications and crucial techniques of posterior approach.Methods All of 17 Consecutive patients (8 males and 9 females) with BI and IAAD who underwent release and reduction by posterior approach from July 2000 to June 2015 were enrolled in the present study,the mean age was 35.2±13.8 years with a range of 12-56 years.The clinical symptoms and signs was recorded,and preoperative imaging examination,including anteroposterior,lateral,dynamic films,MRI and CT of cervical spine,were performed to identify the series.There were 14 cases with atlanto-occipital fusion,7 cases with C2,3 fusion,6 cases with Chiari malformation,6 cases with Syringomyelia,and 8 cases with myelomalacia.The clinic symptoms include occiput/neck pain in 15 cases,cervical movement limitation in 13 cases,short neck in 9 cases,torticollis in 12 cases,Paresthesia in 14 cases,weakness in 13 cases,tendon reflexes hyperfunction in 16 cases and ataxia in 13 cases.The postoperative X-rays,MRI or CT were used to observed the results of decompression,fixation and fusion.Neurological function was assessed by JOA scale and Ranawat's score before,after surgery and at final follow-up.Pre-and post-operative Chamberlain (CL),Wackenheim (WL),McGae (ML),atlantodental interval (ADI) and cervico-medullary angle (CMA) were analyzed by student t-test.Results The average operation time was 145 mins (90-210 mins) and blood loss was 175 ml (150-350 ml).The average follow-up was 44.47 months (9-94 months).JOA score was increased from 8.06 preoperatively to 15.20 postoperatively,the improvement rate was 77.2％.Preoperative Ranawat's score was Ⅱ in 1 case,Ⅲla in 12 cases,ⅢB in4 cases.Postoperative score was Ⅰ in 13 cases,Ⅱ in 4 cases.The preoperative CL,WL,ML,ADI and CMA were (12.52±5.17) mm,(6.59±3.04) mm,(6.96±4.32) mm,(9.88± 1.93) mm,115.35°± 12.40°,respectively.and the postoperative CL,WL,ML,ADI and CMA were (2.0±3.67) mm,(-3.06±1.85) mm,(-1.76±2.88) mm,(1.17± 1.18) mm,136.76°±11.44°,respectively.The perioperative complications were discovered in 2 cases,including 1 case of infection and1 case of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leakage.Conclusion Primary surgery of nerve release and bone reduction by posterior approach may be safe and efficient for the treatment of BI and IAAD.Preoperative evaluation,proper surgical indications and advanced surgical techniques are important for treatment results.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of upper gastrointestinal serrated lesions.Methods A total of 21 patients with upper gastrointestinal serrated lesions in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2011 and December 2015 were retrospective analyzed.Data of the patients including demographics, clinical and pathological features were collected.Among the 21 patients, 18 patients, who underwent colonoscopy simultaneously or within six months, were selected as the study group, each patient was compared to 4 randomly selected controls without serrated lesions, who also underwent colonoscopy within the same time period.Differences of colorectal neoplasia detection were analyzed between the cases and controls.Results The mean age of 21 patients was 55.3±17.2 years, and 11 cases were male.Involving the locations of serrated lesions, 17 cases were found in the stomach (including 3 in the cardia, 9 in the corpus, and 5 in the antrum), and followed by 3 in the duodenum and 1 in lower esophagus.The mucosa pathological morphology showed that 6 cases were serrated hyperplasia, 8 cases were hyperplastic polyps, 6 cases were serrated adenomas with low grade dysplasia and 1 case was in the duodenum intramucosal carcinoma.Seven (38.9%) colorectal adenomas were found in the study group, including 3 (16.7%) non-advanced colorectal adenomas and 4 (22.2%) advanced colorectal adenomas.Eight (11.1%) colorectal adenomas were found in the control group, including 5 (6.9%) non-advanced colorectal adenomas and 3 (4.2%) advanced colorectal adenomas.The rate of colorectal adenoma detection in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.9% VS 11.1%, P=0.010, OR=5.091, 95%CI:1.534-16.890).Conclusion Upper gastrointestinal serrated lesions can be found in various mucosal lesions with different pathological morphologies.Moreover colonoscopy is likely to be recommended to detect concurrent colorectal adenoma for these patients.

Objective To study the functional connectivity (FC) pattern of anterior cingulated cortex in patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) after subcortical ischemic vascular disease,and to analyze the relationship between FC and cognitive function.Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 14 patients with VCIND and 16 healthy volunteers with normal cognition.The altered functional connectivity pattern in VCIND was valuated by comparing to normal control.Then a correlation analysis was performed between the strength of FC and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in patients with VCICD.Results (1) The visual space or executive function (3.14 ± 0.29),attention or computing power (3.79 ± 0.37),language (1.14 ± 0.21),directional power (4.14 ± 0.53) items,and the total points of MoCA (17.29 ± 1.53) in VCIND were significantly lower than that in the normal control group (4.93 ± 0.07,5.93 ± 0.07,2.93 ± 0.26,5.93 ± 0.07,27.57 ± 0.33 ; t =31.62,32.50,28.51,12.00,39.71,all P ＜ 0.05).While the abstract ability or memory (4.36 ± 0.74),the naming (2.79 ± 0.11) items in VCIND were not significantly different with that in the control group (4.79 ± 0.80,2.93 ± 0.07 ; t =1.76,1.00,both P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,the patients showed FC decrease between the anterior cingulated cortex and several brain regions,including the left middle temporal gyrus/left superior temporal gyrus,the left superior frontal gyrus/left middle frontal gyrus/left inferior frontal gyrus,the left posterior cingulated cortex/left precuneus,the left inferior parietal lobule/left angular gyrus,the right middle temporal gyrus/right superior temporal gyrus,the right orbit frontal cortex/right inferior frontal gyrus,the right inferior parietal lobule/right angular gyrums,and the right superior frontal gyrus/right middle frontal gyrus.There were also some regions that showed increased FC,which included the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum,the calcarine fissure,the left middle frontal gyrus,and the left precentral gyrus.(3) In the VCIND patients,the brain regions which positively correlated with the MoCA scores were the left inferior parietal lobule,the right middle temporal gyrus,the right superior frontal gyrus,and the left superior temporal gyrus.The negativerelated brain regions were the right posterior limb of internal capsule,the left middle temporal gyrus,the left precuneus,and the right anterior limb of internal capsule.Conclusions VCIND patients show abnormal FC pattern of anterior cingulated cortex,which could be the pathological basis of VCIND,and have certain predictive value for VCIND.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different doses ambroxol hydrochloride on lung protection of patients in perioperative thoracotomy. METHODS:60 patients in perioperative thoracotomy were randomly divided into control group(30 cas-es)and observation group(30 cases). Control group received 30 mg Ambroxol hydrochloride injection from 1 week before surgery to 1 week after surgery,adding into 100 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,intravenously,twice a day. Observation group re-ceived 300 mg Ambroxol hydrochloride injection from preoperative 1 week to postoperative 1 week,adding into 100 ml 0.9%Sodi-um chloride injection,intravenously,twice a day. All patients received the second-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial drugs for anti-infection after surgery. lung surfactant-associated protein A(SP-A),intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM-1)levels preopera-tive 1 week and postoperative 1 week,and incidence of postoperative complications in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:Preop-erative 1 week,there were no significant differences in the SP-A and ICAM-1 in 2 groups(P>0.05). Postoperative 1 week,SP-A and ICAM-1 in control group and ICAM-1 in observation group were significantly higher than preoperative 1 week,but SP-A and ICAM-1 in observation group were lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in SP-A in preoperative 1 week and postoperative 1 week(P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative compli-cations in observation group was significantly lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:The effect of high-doses ambroxol hydrochloride on lung protection of patients in perioperative thoracotomy is signifi-cantly superior to small dose,which can reduce the incidence of lung complications.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention at different time on the neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ) of adult rats after acute focal cerebral ischemia.Methods Totally 48 Sprague-Dawley male adult rats were randomly divided into a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, a hyperbaric oxygen group, a hyperbaric air group and a normobaric oxygen group, each of 12.A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced to all rats using the modified Zea-Longa's method of intraluminal filament occlusion, Except the MCAO group, the other 3 groups received corresponding hyperbaric oxygen, hyperbaric air and normobaric oxygen intervention once a day two hours after the suture insertion.The rats were sacrificed for double-label immunofluorescent analysis at 2 days, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after brain ischemia.BrdU +/nestin + labeled the proliferated neural stem cells, and BrdU +/DCX + labeled its differentiated derivates, early neurons, in SGZ of ischemic hippocampus dentate gyrus.Also, the cell number was calculated under the fluorescence microscope.Results Two days after brain ischemia, the numbers of BrdU/nestin and BrdU/DCX cells in SGZ in the hyperbaric oxygen group were (2340.45 ± 1109.59) and (5520.66 ± 1103.09) respectively, which had increased significantly, compared with the hyperbaric air group and normobaric oxygen group (P ＜ 0.05).Three and 7 days after brain ischemia, the numbers of BrdU/nestin and BrdU/DCX cells in SGZ in the hyperbaric oxygen group had shown significant increase compared with the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Fourteen days after brain ischemia, the numbers of BrdU/DCX cells in SGZ in the hyperbaric oxygen group had significantly increased compared with the hyperbaric air group, normobaric oxygen group and the MCAO group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in ischemic SGZ.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bosentan in treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension related to congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH) .Methods 5 patients with severe CHD-PAH patients received bosentan therapy, then pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), 6min walk test,right ventricular end-systolic diameter (RVSD) changes were observed and statistically analyzed after six months medication. Results Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (sPAP) was significanfly decreased from (96±11) mmHg to (86±10) mmHg, <0.01.pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (dPAP) was significanfly decreased from (56±10) mmHg to (46±9) mmHg ( <0.01),pulmonary arterial mean pressure (mPAP) was significanfly decreased from (73 ±11) mmHg to (59 ±10) mmHg ( <0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance was significanfly decreased from (17.8±1.9) Wood to (13.1±1.7) Wood (<0.01) . 6min walk test was improved from (136±40) m to (198±55) m, <0.01.right ventricular end-systolic diameter significanfly decreased from (40±5) mm to (36±6) mm after 6 months therapy ( <0.05) . Conclusion Bosentan can decrease pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, improve exercise tolerance, improve right ventricular function in patients with severe CHD-PAH.

Objective: To explore the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) protein during benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced carcinogenesis. Methods: This study, we firstly utilized immunofluorescence assay and Western-blot to examine EGFR expression of the BaP which was constructed previously by project team induced malignant transformation human bronchial epithelial cell (BTC) and the control (16HBE cell). Then, we selected 36 healthy SD rats, divided into two groups according to simple random method, 18 rats each group. The constructed rat lung neoplasm model induced by pulmonary injection of BaP (10 mg/ml of BaP solution in 0.2 ml corn oil), contrast group use 0.2 ml corn oil, lung tissue was collected and the EGFR expression of lung tissue was detected by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. T analysis was used to test the different of EGFR between two groups. Results: Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the EGFR expression in BTC was significantly higher than 16HBE cell. Meanwhile, Western blot also was used to confirmed this result, the relative expression of EGFR protein in the rats of the model group the control group were 1.04±0.13 and 2.32±0.12, respectively, and the difference was statistically significance (t=12.39, P<0.001). In vivo, well-defined tumor was found in the rat with pulmonary injection of BaP, and the lung showed diffuse alveolar septal thickening, alveolar wall destruction and pulmonary alveoli fusion, which suggested that the rat lung neoplasm model was constructive successfully. Furthermore, we found the EGFR expression of lung was increased dramatically in the rat lung neoplasm model by immunofluorescence detection and Western blot. The relative expression of EGFR protein in the rats of the model group the control group were 0.21±0.03 and 1.30±0.07, respectively, and the difference was statistically significance (t=12.84, P<0.001). Conclusion Expression of EGFR protein was increased during BaP carcinogenesis, and EGFR may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of BaP.

Objective To evaluate the safety, feasibility and clinical efficacy of one-stage anterior transplantation with ili-ac crest allograft or autologous in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis. Methods From January 2012 to June 2015, 235 cases of thoracolumbar tuberculosis were treated with allogeneic or autologous iliac crest graft combined with internal fixation dur-ing one-stage after radical debridement, which were reviewed retrospectively. These cases were divided into two groups:allograft group (162 cases) and autograft group (73 cases). In allograft group, there were 87 males and 75 females, with a mean age of 42.5 (range 2-80) years. In autograft group, there were 41 males and 32 females, with a mean age of 40.3 (range 14-68) years. The oper-ation time, bleeding volume, hospital stay, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level, visual ana-logue scale (VAS) scores, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, the changes of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale for neurological classification of spinal and graft fusion satisfaction rate in each groups were evaluated respectively before and after surgery. Results The operation time was (122.41±30.55) min in allograft group and (141.56±25.69) min in auto-graft group, the difference was statistically significant. The average hospital stay and bleeding volume were no significant differ-ence between the two groups. In each group, VAS scores, JOA scores, ESR and CRP level and the changes of ASIA scale were sig-nificant difference between pre-and post-operation, but these index showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups. The mean ESR level was (16.46±7.39) mm/h in allograft group, and (13.61±6.85) mm/h in autograft group 3 months af-ter the operation. The fusion time (8.13 ± 1.97) months in allograft group was significantly longer than that in autograft group (5.37± 1.72) months, the difference was statistically significant. At final follow-up, the graft fusion satisfaction rate and the changes of ASIA showed no significant difference. Perioperative complications including gastrointestinal dysfunction in 5 cases (allograft group in 3cases;autograft group in 2cases), and pulmonary infection in 6 cases (allograft group in 4cases;autograft group in 2cas-es). Postoperative complications including kyphosis in 4 cases (allograft group in 3cases;autograft group in 1case), tuberculosis re-currence in 5 cases (allograft group in 3cases;autograft group in 2cases), sinus formation in 5 cases (allograft group in 3cases;auto-graft group in 2cases), chronic pain of the donor site in 6 cases (group autograft). Conclusion There was no significant difference between allogeneic iliac graft and autologous iliac graft in the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis. Allogeneic iliac bone may be the ideal substitute of autologous iliac bone for the clinical treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis.