MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that are rich in content and are highly con-served. miRNA can regulate vital biological processes, including cell division, differentiation, and cell apoptosis. Their expression is dysregulated in many diseases. miRNA are essential in the initiation and development of various cancers. Recent miRNA studies have gradually moved from basic molecular studies of cancer onto areas of clinical application. The use of miRNA as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and target molecules for cancer treatment is increasingly being identified. This review summarizes the potential applications of miRNA as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, drug response, and susceptibility prediction.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-451 and its clinical significance in gastric cancer. Meth?ods The miR-451 expression was detected in 92 samples of gastric cancer and 47 sapmles of normal stomach mucosa. The correlations of miR-451 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival and disease-free survival were an?alyzed in patients with gastric cancer. Results The overexpression rate of miR-451 was 38.04%in gastric cancer, which was significantly lower than 76.60%in adjacent normal tissues (χ2=18.503,P<0.001). The overexpression rate of miR-451 was significantly lower inⅢ-Ⅳstages of gastric cancer than that inⅠ-Ⅱstages (27.3%vs 54.1%, P=0.009). The expres?sion of miR-451 was also lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than that in patients without lymph node metastasis (27.1%vs 57.6%, P=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in miR-451 expressions between different age, gender, histological grade and T stage groups (P>0.05). The overall survival rate was significantly higher in patients with high expression of miR-451 than that in patients with low expression of miR-451(69.2%vs 39.1%, P=0.003). Conclusion miR-451 is associated with the malignant transformation, progression, and prognosis of gastric cancer, and which can be used as a potential target of therapy and a biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer in the future.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in breast cancer.Methods Tissue samples of 76 breast cancers and corresponding paired adjacent normal tissues were collected and made into tissue micrcarrays (TMAs).Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to detect the expression of LDHA and further analyzed the correlation of LDHA expression and clinicopathological variables and prognosis of breast cancers.Results LDHA was frequently upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to the normal breast tissues (P ＜ 0.05).High LDHA expression was associated with distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05) and worse patient prognosis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions LDHA is closely related to the occurrence and clinical progress of breast cancers.LDHA might be a potential novel molecular marker for diagnosis,prognosis and therapy in breast cancers.

Objective To investigate the expression of the hsa-miR-155 in serum of endometrial cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Collected 44 cases blood specimens before surgery operation from Sep. 2008 to Dec. 2009, and collected 12 cases blood specimens from the health of volunteers in comparison. Real time quantity PCR was used to detect the expression of hsa-miR-155 in those specimens and analyzed clinical pathological with the expression of hsa-mir-155 in endometrial cancer. Results The expression of hsa-miR-155 was (3.9 ±0.7) in endometrial cancer, which was significantly higher than that in control group( P ＜ 0.01 ). The expressions of hsa-miR-155 were ( 3.7 ± 0.6 ), ( 3.9 ± 0.6 ) and ( 3.7 ±0.6)times in well, moderately and poorly differentiated endometrial cancer, respectively,while there were not significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ). The expressions were ( 3.8 ± 0.6 ) and ( 3.9 ± 0.6 ) times between endometrioid adenocarcinoma and non-endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and there were significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). The expressions were ( 2.1 ± 0.4 ) and ( 5.6 ± 0.8 ) times in stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ and Ⅲ - Ⅳ endometrial cancer, respectively, in which there were significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ). The expressions of hsa-miR-155 were (5.5 ± 0.5 ) and ( 1.9 ± 0.2) times between lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer, in which there were significant difference (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Hsa-miR-155 may play an important role in the proliferation, and metastasis of endometrial cancer, which may be a indicator in the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer and may be used as a predictive biomarker.

Objective To investigate the value of ISS in predicting mortality after multiple trauma.Methods A total of 550 patients with multiple trauma treated from March 2007 to May 2011 were divided into survivor group (n =473) and death group (n =77) according to the outcome.ISS and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ]) were used to predict patients' risk of death.Receiver operation characteristic curve (ROC) was developped to compare the area under the curve (AUC),optimal cut-off point,and prediction index for the two scoring systems.Results ISS and APACHE Ⅱ score were higher in death group than in survivor group (P ＜ 0.05).ISS showed the diagnostic cut-off point of ≥20,with a sensitivity of 76.7％,specificity of 83.7％,concordance rate of 82.7％,and AUC of 0.835.With regard to APACHE Ⅱ,the diagnostic cut-off point was ≥20,with a sensitivity of 80.5％,specificity of 89.2％,concordance rate of 88.0％,and AUC of 0.922.ISS and APACHE Ⅱ were equivalent in predicting mortality (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ISS presents a moderate value for predicting the mortality of multiple trauma patients and it is more rational to set ISS≥20 points as the criteria for severe multiple trauma.

Background and purpose:miR-124 is considered to be a tumor suppressor in multiple tumors, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer. However, its function is unclear in gastric cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression of miR-124 in human gastric mucosal epithelium cells and different gastric cancer cells, as well as gastric cancer tissues and matched para-cancerous tissues. The correlations of miR-124 expression with gender, age, histological grade, T stage, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed.Methods:A real-time lfuorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was employed for detecting the expression of miR-124 in human gastric mucosal epithelium cells and gastric cancer cells. The expression of miR-124 in gastric cancer tissues and matched para-cancerous tissues was detected by in situ hybridization.Results:The RTFQ-PCR results indicated that the expression of miR-124 was down-regulated in MKN-74, MKN-28, MKN-45, MGC-803, SGC-7901 and AGS cells compared to GES-1 cells.In situ hybridization showed that miR-124 was strongly expressed in normal gastric mucosa. However, low expression, focal positive expression or lack of miR-124 expression were observed in gastric cancer tissues. Statistical analysis showed that miR-124 was close-ly correlated to histological stage, TNM stage and node metastasis of gastric cancer patients, but not the age, gender and tumor size. The OS and DFS of the patients with low expression of miR-124 were shorter than that of the patients with high expression of miR-124. Multivariate analysis suggested that miR-124 down-regulation was an independent prog-nostic factor for survival in patients with gastric cancer.Conclusion:miR-124 is down-regulated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. The expression of miR-124 is correlated to histological stage, TNM stage, node metastasis and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of spatiotemporal image correlation(STIC)to assess left ventricular volume in normal fetuses.Methods The volume data acquisition of 162 normal fetuses ranging between 22 and 38 weeks of gestation was achieved by automatic sweep scan.The virtual organ computer-aided analysis(VOCAL Ⅱ)was then used to evaluate end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes of left ventricle and compared with that obtained by M-mode Teichholz formula and 2D biplane Simpson's method.Results Twenty-six fetuses with poor STIC image and 2 twin pregnancies were excluded,the study subjects consisted of 134 singleton fetuses.The highest concordance correlation(r =0.968,for EDV,r =0.956 for ESV;P =0.000)was noted between 2D biplane Simpson' s and STIC VOCAL Ⅱ values with a small bias(0.282 ml for EDV,0.117 ml for ESV).The Bland-Altman analysis showed that STIC VOCAL Ⅱ had the best agreement than M-mode Teichholz formula and 2D biplane Simpson's method.The result showed that there were significant difference between Mmode Teichholz formula and Simpson's method in EDV and ESV(P＜0.05).There were significant differences between M-mode Teichholz formula and STIC VOCAL Ⅱ(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between STIC VOCAL Ⅱ and Simpson' s method in EDV and ESV.Conclusions There is a good agreement between left ventricular volumes measured either by STIC VOCAL Ⅱ or by 2D biplane Simpson's method.STIC is a novel technique that can be more accurate than conventional Methods in quantification of fetal left ventricular volumes.All the volume data acquisition is achieved by postprocessing facilities.STIC promises to become a new method for left ventricular volume quantification.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Jinyaodai on neurological behavior and Akt expression in the cortex of rats following spinal cord contusion injury.MethodsRats were randomly divided into control group,spinal cord contusion group and Jinyaodai group.The weight-drop device was employed to prepare the spinal cord injury(SCI) model.Jinyaodai was administrated every day by using a stomach tube.Rats were performed the BBB assessment,and the detection of Akt expression and count of Neun positive neurons in cortex following SCI.ResultsCompared with control group,deficit of motor function in hindlimbs was seen at 3 dpo following cord contusion,and partial functional recovery could be seen from 7 dpo to 1 m.Treatment of Jinyaodai greatly increased the BBB scores ( 14.1 ± 1.4 ) more than SCI group ( 7.8 ± 1.3 ) at 1 month (P ＜ 0.05 ) ; Simultaneously,compared with SCI rats,treatment of Jinyaodai significantly increased the expression of Akt (0.53 ± 0.05,0.68 ± 0.07,P ＜0.05 ) and the number of neurons ( 11 ± 2, 15 ± 1 ; P ＜ 0.05 ) in the lesion-induced cortex of rats.Conclusion Jinyaodai may play an essential roles in functional recovery after spinal cord injury,in which the underlying mechanism may be involved in the expression of Akt in cortex.

Senna contains anthraquinones, flavonoids, polysaccharide and volatile oil and other chemical substances, which show the effect of diarrhea, antibacterial, hemostatic, regulating immune function and antioxidation. This article reviewed the Senna chemical composition, pharmacological effects, clinical application and new formulations of drug development, in order to provide reference for the research and clinical application of Senna.

BACKGROUND: A few devices have been reported to be used for studies on trauma, but these devices are unavailable for establishing the animal models of trauma because of their limited application range. OBJECTIVE: To develop a multifunctional impact system and evaluate its application effect, thus paying ways for establishing the animal models of trauma and basic experiments.METHODS: The multifunctional impact system was designed based on the theory of energy storage device, simple multifunctional impact device and impact parameter measuring equipment, and its effectiveness and stability were detected. The rat chest and different visceral organs were subjected to the closed impact experiment using a 5 cm2 impact at the predetermined parameter of 200, 300, 400, 500 kPa, respectively. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed for morphological observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The multifunctional impactor was successfully developed, of which the maximum impact stress could be adjusted from 0 to 200 kg and compressive and extrusion stress also could be continuously adjusted from 0 to 100 kg. The experimental results showed that the impactor made certain damage to the rat lung, liver and spleen suggesting its favorable effectiveness (P < 0.05) and repeatability (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the impactor is easy to operate in various ways and holds good effectiveness and stability, and its impact parameters can be detected in real time. Therefore, the impactor is suitable for both establishing the animal model of trauma and basic experiments.