Objective To understand the implementation status and effect of prevention and control of malaria in Libo Coun?ty so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria elimination working. Methods The data about malaria from the county CDC and county hospital were collected and 16 villages from 8 townships were randomly sampled and 10 villagers of each village were investigated. Other information about the prevention and control of malaria was also investigated. Results The inci?dence of malaria was decreasing annually from 5.75 per 10 000 in 2008 to zero in 2012. The malaria monitoring could be well conducted in the county and township levels. The infection source could be controlled in time. The utilization rate of anti?mosqui?to facilities in the residents was 93.25%and the awareness rate of knowledge about malaria prevention and control was 40.13%. Conclusions The implementation and effect of prevention and control of malaria are satisfactory in Libo County but the medi?um control is limited and the active protection consciousness of the residents is not strong. Therefore the task of malaria elimina?tion is still very arduous.

Objective: Full expression of class I HLA molecules on tumor cells is pivotal in priming the tumor antigen-specific CTLs for effective iramunotherapies. Tumor cells display abnonnal expression of HLA class I molecules in human ovarian carcinoma. Methods: In this study, the expression of class I molecules in human ovarian cancer cells was determined by using Western bloting, immunohistochemistry testing and flow cytometry. The mRNA of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) and LMP(low molecular weight polypeptide) were exannined at the same time by RT-PCR. Results: It has been shown that class I molecules were unable to be, or only weakly, expressed in five of eight ovarian cancer cell lines. On these cell lines abnormal in class I expression, no or only little mRNA were detected for TAP1, TAP2, LMP2 and(or) LMP7 genes. Class I expression, however, could be partially recovered by incubating the tumor cells at 25℃ when compared with those at 37℃ . Conclusion: The results suggested that the dysfunction of TAP and IMP genes, following by a defective expression of class I molecules, might be one of the mechanisms enable ovarian cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance.

This article introduces the general concepts and methods of sample size estimation and testing power analysis. It focuses on parametric methods of sample size estimation, including sample size estimation of estimating the population mean and the population probability. It also provides estimation formulas and introduces how to realize sample size estimation manually and by SAS software.

Objective:As the function of ??T cells and NK in the immunological therapy is showing more and more important,the characteristics of ?? T cells,NK and LAK were analyzed comparatively after that they were richened by isolating and incubating in vitro.Methods:The cells were collected using MACS after the cells were panned respectively with special monoclonal antibodies.Then the characteristics including proliferation,phenotype,cytotoxin and the down regulation blocked by specific antibodies were analyzed.Results:The ?? T cells can expand 600～800 times after culturing 2 weeks and the percent of CD3,CD8 and ?? expressed on the collected cells were 72.29%,58.02% and 65.98% respectively ?? T cells showed the high cytotoxin to K562(NK sensitive cell line),Raji and XG 7 cell lines(NK non sensitive cell lines).The percentage of cytotoxin reached 35.98%,52.27% and 69.08% respectively compared with ??T respectively.No obviously change of percent of ??T cytotxic ability to these target cells were observed using special MHC class I monoclonal antibody to block the ??T cell before coculturing the target cells with ?? T cells.Conclusion:All of ?? T cells,NK and LAK showed the non specific cytotoxin to tumor cells.The cytotoxic capability of ?? T cells did not be effected after blocking with MHC class I monoclonal antibody.These results demonstrated that ?? T cell could kill more kinds of tumor cells than NK and LAK.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic percutaneous common bile duct exploration (LPCBDE) with internal draining tube placement for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 962 patients with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the No. 451 Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. A self-made internal draining tube was placed in the common bile duct and duodenum to drain bile internally. The correct position of the internal draining tube was comfirmed by injecting water into and draining water from duodenum. The internal draining tube was pulled out with the help of duodenoscope at 30 days after the operation. Results LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement was successfully performed on 864 patients. Forty-two patients were transferred to open surgery, and 56 patients were transferred to receive LPCBDE with T-tube drainage. The mean operation time was (36 ± 18) minutes (range, 20-72 minutes), and the length of postoperative hospital stay was (6.6 ±2.1)days. Two patients were complicated with retroperitoneal abscess and they were cured by puncture and drainage, 32 patients were complicated with bile leakage and they were cured by conservative treatment. A total of 862 patients were followed up by B ultrasound at 30 days after the operation. The internal draining tube which was confirmed in the common bile duct was extracted with duodenoscope in 603 patients; the internal draining tube which was drawn back in 1 patient was removed with endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST); the internal draining tube was removed naturally in 258 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, 26 patients had recurrent cholelithiasis and they were treated by EST. Conclusions LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement is a safe and minimally invasive method for the treatment of cholelithiasis.

Objective To evaluate the correlating clinical factors of coronary artery calcification score(CACS).Methods 141 patients suspected of coronary artery disease were included.They underwent multi-slice row computed tomography,pulse wave velocity ( PWV ),UCG and blood biochemistry within a period of 3 months.The subjects were divided into three groups according to CAC score:A(CACS =0-10),B ( CACS = 11-400),C ( CACS > 400).Results CACS was significantly associated with age,history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.It was also associated with the presence of mitral annular calcification and aortic valve calcification,low ankel brachial pressure index(ABI) and high mean artery pressure(MAP) as well as high values of brachial ankel PWV (baPWV) and Upstroke time (UT).Muhifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of aortic valve calcification and mitral annular calcification,the history of diabetes mellitus and high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Conclusions Aortic valve calcification,mitral annular calcification,history of diabetes mellitus,high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Measurement of PWV and UCG should be performed before muhi-slicerow computed tomography,because the assessment of coronary artery lumen narrowing with multi-slice row computed tomography can not be carried out accurately in the presence of severe coronary artery calcification.

Objective To explore the curative effect and prevention of complications of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) for acute cholecystitis.Methods The clinical data of 1 278 patients with acute cholecystitis who were treated with emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy from July 2004 to July 2010 in our haspital were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Among these patients,471 cases had mild acute cholecystitis,720 cases had acute suppurative cholecystitis and 87 cases had acute gangrenous cholecystitis.The impaction of stones in the neck of gallbladder was present in 823 cases.The impaction of stones in the cystic duct was present in 157 cases.In 96 cases emergency operation was performed within 48 hours after the synptoms occurred,in 799 cases operation was performed from 48 to 72 hours,and in 383 cases operation was undertaken after 72 hours.Results The mean operation time was 40min(20-90 min) and the mean blood loss was 80ml(20-300 mL).Early postoperative fever(38.0～39.5℃) developed in 375 cases.Temporary jaundice was found in 108 cases.Bile leakage occurred in 17 cases.No LC cases were converted to open cholecystectomy.No cases were complicated with bile duct injury and there was no mortality.Conclusions Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is difficult.The probable complication rate is quite high.Severe complications can be avoided with skillful surgical technique and rich operative experience.Acute cholecystitis is not a contraindication for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

[Abstract ] Objective To compare the accuracy between regular computed tomography colonography (CTC)and dual-energy CTC in lesion detection.Methods Twenty-eight patients with clinical suspicious space occupying lesions of the colon were selected.All patients were underwent dual-energy mode contrast-enhanced CT scan and the data were reconstructed with colonography and dual-energy iodine maps methods.The diameter,enhanced computed tomography (CT)value and iodine value were measured.The results of colonoscopy and pathology were taken as gold standard.The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of regular CTC and dual-energy CTC were compared.Variance analysis was performed for measurement data comparison among groups and chi-square test was used for count data analysis.Results Among 28 patients,colorectal lesions were detected in 24 cases by regular CTC,of which four cases were false-positive and one case was false-negative confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology.Colorectal lesions were detected in 20 cases by dual-energy CTC,of which no false-positive and one case was false negative confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology.The contrast enhanced CT value of polyps,adenoma,adenocarcinoma and stool was (38.54± 6.82),(49.16±7.31 ),(52.61 ±5 .93 )and (34.00±1 .41 )Hu,respectively.The enhanced value of adenoma and adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of polyps and stool,the differences were statistically significant among groups (F = 10.760,P = 0.001 ).There was no significant difference between polyps and stool (t=1 .44,P =0.188).The sensitivity of regular CTC and dual-energy CTC in lesion detection was 95 .6% (95 %cofidence interval(CI ):77.9%-99.2%)and 95 .6% (95 %CI :77.9%-99.2%),respectively.The specificity was 42.8% (95 %CI :15 .4%-93.5 %)and 100.0% (95 %CI :47.9%-100.0%).Conclusion Compared with traditional CTC,dual-energy CTC would distinguish lesions from stool,help differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and further increase the accuracy of CTC diagnosis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at the nine acupoints on nape in treating vertebrobasilar ischemia (VBI). Methods Totally 100 VBI patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 50 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at Fengfu (GV 16), Fengchi (GB 20), Wangu (GB 12), Tianzhu (BL 10), and Jiaji (EX-B 2, C3);while the control group was by oral administration of Nimodipine tablets. The parameters in Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Dizziness Assessment Rating Scale (ADRS) were observed before and after intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared. Results The TCD parameters were significantly changed in the treatment group after intervention (P<0.05). The TCD parameters [Vs (RVA), Vd (BA, LVA), Vm (BA, RVA), PI (BA)] were significantly changed in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). After intervention, there were significant differences in comparing the TCD parameters [Vs (BA, LVA, RVA), Vd (BA, RVA), Vm (BA, LVA), PI (BA)] between the two groups (P<0.05). The DARS average scores were significantly changed in both groups after 7-day treatment (P<0.01). The DARS average scores after the whole intervention were significantly different from that after 7-day treatment in both groups (P<0.01). There were significant differences in comparing the DARS average scores between the two groups after 7-day intervention and after the whole intervention (P<0.01). The recovery-markedly effective rate and total effective rate were respectively 76.0%and 98.0%in the treatment group versus 44.0%and 96.0%in the control group, and there was a significant difference in comparing the recovery-markedly effective rate (P<0.05). Conclusions Acupuncture at the nine nape acupoints is an effective method in treating VBI.

Aircrew survival equipment is for pilots' survival when they have to parachute or land in various bad situations. Introduction relating to survival equipment is given including development course, sorts, carrying methods, its role in aviation survival and its development tendency. It is indicated that survival equipment will still play an important role in aviation survival within quite a time and it is also imperative to perfect aircrew survival equipment system from improving its performance, increasing its tactical using background and improving its supply system of ordering goods.