626 adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were divided into 4 groups according to the oral health score and ap-pointment score.(1)The score in highly educated two-parent family is higher than that in highly educated single-parent family,and the score of oral hygiene in highly educated family is higher than that in lowly educated family(P <0.05).(2)There is no statistical difference between two-parent family and single-parent family in oral hygiene when they have equal educational background.

Objective_To explore the influence and mechanism of IL-31 on the expression of VEGF, EGF and EG-FR in 16HBE cells.Methods_16HBE cells were cultured and treated with IL-31 with or without SB203580 or SP600125, real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to determine the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, EGF and EGFR respectively.Meanwhile, Western blot was used to examine the changes of P38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways.Results_Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of VEGF, EGF and EGFR was increased markedly under the stimulation of IL-31 ( P<0.01 ) , the expression of p-P38 MAPK and p-JNK signifi-cantly increased ( P<0.01) .Compared with IL-31 group, the expression of p-P38 MAPK significantly decreased in IL-31 combined with SB203580 or SB203580 group ( P <0.01 ) , while the expression of p-JNK markedly decreased in IL-31 combined with SP600125 or SP600125 group( P<0.01) .Compared with IL-31 group, the expression of VEGF was significantly decreased in IL-31 combined with SB203580 or SP600125 group ( P <0.01 ) , while the expression of EGF and EGFR was markedly declined in IL-31 combined with SB203580 group ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions_IL-31 may up-regulate the expression of VEGF through activating P38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways and up-regulate the expression of EGF and EGFR through activating P38 MAPK signaling path-way in16 HBE cells.

Purpose To investigate the effect of interleukin-10(IL-10)on IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA in Hela cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and to analyze their activiated signal transduction pathways.Methods Extracted total RNA and total proteins of cultured Hela cells,which were treated with different concentrations of LPS,or IL-10 alone or in combined use,were to analyze the levels of IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA using RT-PCR and to analyze the expression of signal transduction pathway proteins using Western blot.Results RT-PCR indicated that expression of IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA in Hela cells strikingly increased after 12 h using 1 ng-10μg LPS(P＜0.01 vs control),which had dose-dependence and achieved peak value using 100 ng/mL.During 0-24 h,expression of IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA strikingly increased with time changing(P＜0.01 vs control),which had time-dependence and achieved peak value at 12 h.Expression of IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA had no conspicuous difference in Hela cells treated with IL-10(10 ng/mL)alone(P＞0.05 vs control).Different concentrations of IL-10 1,10,100 ns/mL)markedly downregnlated expression of IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA in Hela cells induced by LPS.Furthermore,the effect of inhibition will be more obvious with dose increasing.Western blot indicated that LPS upregulated expression of IL-15mRNA and IL-6mRNA by phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2.IL-10 blocked phosphorylation of AKT,but could not affect phosphorylation of ERK1/2.Conclusion IL-10 downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-15 and 1L-6 induced by LPS,which may correlate with the fact that phosphorylation of AKT was blcoked by IL-10.Therefore,IL-10 may be used to prevent and treat some clincal infective diseases.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of jet endotracheal tube (JET) designed by Wei (WEI JET) for tracheal intubation.Methods One hundred and two ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Cormack & Lehane grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 15-50 yr,weighing 40-99 kg,requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia,were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n =51 each):conventional tracheal tube group (group C) and WEI JET group (group WJ).Groups C and WJ were further divided into 2 subgroups according to Cormack & Lehane grade:difficult airway subgroup (n =16) and non-difficult airway subgroup (n =35).The patients were tracheal intubated with the common Kendall endotracheal tube in group C.Jet ventilation (driving pressure 100 kPa,frequency of ventilation 15 bpm,I∶ E =1∶2) was performed and the patients were simultaneously tracheal intubated with WEI JET of the same internal diameter in group WJ.PETCO2 was recorded immediately after mechanical ventilation.The success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt and time spent were recorded.The complications were also recorded within 24 h after extubation.Results Compared with group C,the intubation time was significantly prolonged,and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt was increased in patients with a difficult airway than that in the patients without difficult airways in group WJ (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in PETCO2 recorded immediately after mechanical ventilation,intubation time and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt between the patients with a difficult airway and the ones without difficult airways in group WJ (P ＞ 0.05).PET CO2 recorded immediately after mechanical ventilation was significantly higher and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt was lower in the patients with a difficult airway than in the patients without difficult airways in group C (P ＜ 0.01).No severe barotrauma such as pneumothorax,mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema occurred in group WJ.There was no significant difference in the incidences of laryngospasm,sore throat,and flatulence between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion WEI JET can not only provide adequate ventilation safely and effectively in patients requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia,but also increase the probability of successful tracheal intubation in patients with a difficult airway.

Purpose To explore the antiviral effect of interleukin 29(IL-29) on hepatitis B virus in vitro.Methods To study the antiviral effect of IL-29 against hepatitis B virus by the amount of HBV mRNA detected .Through the quantity of mRNA translated from genes of MxA,2′,5′-OAS,PKR and RNase L as well as the signal pathway induced by IL-29,we used RT-PCR and Western blot to discuss the anti-hepatitis B virus mechanism which was stimulated by IL-29.Results The amount of HBV mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells was reduced by stimulation of IL-29.The expression of MxA and 2′,5′-OAS was up-regulated,as well as P-ERK and P-AKT were activated by IL-29.Conclusion These findings showed that IL-29 had obvious antiviral activity towards HBV in HepG2.2.15 cells.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonic coupling agent is indispensable in ultrasonic imaging. The service life and change frequency of the ultrasonic probe is determined by the internal coupling agent of the chosen hydrogel material. Due to defects in the existing gel-formula, after a period of time in use it can cause the surface depression of probes and thus influence the ultrasonic imaging quality. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the gel formula of the coupling agent. METHODS: The amplified synthesis process of polyacrylamide hydrogel was optimized by changing the ratio of monomer concentration to N, N-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker in the synthesis conditions, and the factors influencing its acoustic properties were explored to meet the technical requirements in the clinical use process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the monomer concentration was set to 70 g/L and the mass ratio of monomer to crosslinker was 7:1, the polyacrylamide hydrogel was in the best state. The obtained polyacrylamide hydrogel had a stable swelling rate, had a strong ability to keep water and make the volume reduce under the influence of the operating temperature of ultrasound, and its relative amplitude changed less with the change of ultrasonic frequency. The sound attenuation coefficient of polyacrylamide hydrogel would be higher when the frequency of ultrasonic sound source was higher. The changes of monomer concentration would have significant impacts on the acoustic properties of polyacrylamide hydrogel. Therefore, by controlling the monomer concentration ratio, we can prepare the coupling agent that exhibits relatively stable acoustic properties at an optimum concentration and achieves an optimal imaging effect.

Objective: To investigate the changes of cardiovascular health indicator and arteriosclerosis in middle and elder population.
Methods: A total of 4190 subjects with the average age of (49.78 ± 9.74) years by 3 physical examinations in Kailuan group from 2006 to 2011 were randomly stratiifed for arm ankle arterial pulse wave velocity (baPWV) examination. According to 7 AHA cardiovascular health indicators of non-smoking, normal BMI, active excise, healthy diet, normal cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, each indicator had 3 conditions as ideal, general and poor by scores of 2, 1 and 0 respectively. Based on the 1st and 3rd physical examinations, the changes of cardiovascular health scores (△CHS), the subjects were divided into 8 groups as△CHS≤-4,-3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2 and△CHS≥3, n=241, 368, 611, 855, 911, 647, 354 and 203 respectively. The impacts of△CHS on baPWV values were studied by liner and Logistic regression analyses.
Results: As△CHS increased by △CHS ≤ -4, -3,-2,-1,0,1, 2 and△CHS ≥ 3, the baPWV values were decreased accordingly by cm/s as (1590.78 ± 17.93), (1566.4 ± 14.5), (1552.83 ± 11.25), (1536.59 ± 9.51), (1508.85 ± 9.21), (1499.81 ± 10.93), (1485.92 ± 14.82) and (1475.85 ± 19.57) respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that with adjusted confounding factors, as△CHS increasing 1 score, baPWV increasing 15.58 cm/s (B=15.58, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that with adjusted confounding factors, as△CHS increasing 1 score, the risk for arteriosclerosis occurrence was decreased by 14%(OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.83-0.90).
Conclusion: △CHS was negatively related to baPWV in middle and elder subjects, improving cardiovascular health indicator may decrease arteriosclerosis occurrence.

Objective: To explore the predictive value of inlfammatory factors on all cause mortality in normal population.
Methods: In our prospective cohort study, a total of 83,228 subjects from physical examination of Kailuan group from 2006-07 to 2007-10 were enrolled, nobody had acute inlfammation. The death information was collected once per year and the last follow-up was conducted in 2013-12-31. According to baseline levels, white blood cells (WBC), ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were respectively divided into 4 Quartile groups; all cause mortality was compared among different groups and their risks were studied by multi-Cox regression analysis.
Results: The average follow-up time was 6.9 years. All cause mortality in Quartile 1, Quartile 2, Quartile 3 and Quartile 4 groups for WBC were 4.2%, 4.5%, 4.5% and 5.0% respectively; for N/L were 3.3%, 3.6%, 4.5% and 6.7% respectively; for CRP were 3.0%, 3.6%, 4.8% and 6.8% respectively. Multi-Cox regression analysis indicated that with adjusted age, gender, waist and other confounders, by elevation of WBC, N/R and CRP, the risks of all cause mortality were increased accordingly, and the risks in Quartile 4 groups were higher than those in Quartile 1 groups as for WBC, it was 1.17-time (95% CI 1.06-1.29);for N/L, it was 1.44-time (95% CI 1.31-1.59); for CRP, it was 1.33-time (95% CI 1.20-1.47) respectively.
Conclusion: Elevated WBC, N/R and CRP are independent risk factors for all cause mortality in normal population.

Objective: To explore the relationship between longitudinal trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SPB) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in Kailuan group population. Methods: Our study cohort consisted of 40727 participants with the specific criteria in Kailuan group, Tangshan. SAS Proc Traj procedure was used to identify longitudinal trajectories of SPB throughout 2006-2007, 2008-2009 and 2010-2011. There were 5 longitudinal trajectories generated: Low-stable group,n=10950, Moderate-stable group, n=19158, Moderate-high stable group,n=3713, High-moderate stable group,n=4702 and High stable group,n=2181. Log-rank test was performed to compare AF incidence throughout 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 by physical examination among different groups; Multi Cox regression analysis was conducted to study the relationship among different SBP longitudinal trajectories and AF occurrence. Results:①The mean age of participants was (51.81±11.54) years including 30693 (75.4%) male.②AF occurrence rates in Low-stable, Moderate-stable, Moderate-high stable, High-moderate stable and High stable groups were 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.6% respectively, allP<0.05.③Multi Cox regression analysis presented that with adjusted confounding factors, compared with the patients in Low-stable group, Moderate-high stable, High-moderate stable and High stable SBP longitudinal trajectories were the risk factors for new AF occurrence (HR=7.58, 95% CI 2.08-27.73), (HR=5.30, 95% CI 1.88-14.95) and (HR=8.52, 95% CI 1.96-37.09) respectively, allP<0.05. With excluded history of myocardial infarction/stroke, the sensitivity study showed the similar result with the major research trend. Conclusion: Elevated long trajectory of SPB was the risk factor for new AF occurrence in Kailuan group population.

Excessive lipid deposition, liver injury, and insulin resistance are hallmarks in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver X receptor (LXR) is a transcriptional regulator, and its two cell subtypes, LXRα and LXRβ, play a key role in regulating cholesterol metabolism, inducing anti-inflammation, and reducing insulin resistance. This article reviews the structure and function of LXR and its association with the pathogenesis of NAFLD, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.