Objective To study the expression of APE/Ref-1 in gastric cancer. Methods Detection of APE/Ref-1 protein was performed with gastric cancer tissue microarray (TMA) by IHC in gastric cancer, non-neoplastic mucosa and lymph node with metastasis. Results The positive rates of APE/Ref-1 in cytoblast in non-neoplastic mucosa, tumor tissue, and metastatic lymph nodes were 96.6%, 97.1% and 98.9%, respectively, while the positive rates in cytoplasm were 71.8%, 21.4% and 10.0%, respectively and in both cytoblast and cytoplasm were 71.4%, 21.4% and 10.0%, respectively. Compared to non-neoplastic mucosa, tumor lesion had lower APE/Ref-1 expression in cytoblast and cytoplasm. In 35.9% of patients it was decreased slightly and in 11.2% of them it was decreased markedly in cytoblast (P

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of Tanshinone IIA‐sulfonic sodium on patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its influence on hemorheology ,cytokines and blood lipid levels .Methods :A total of 98 CHD patients treated in our hospital were selected .According to random number table ,they were randomly and e‐qually divided into routine treatment group and Tanshinone IIA group (received intravenous drip of Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium based on routine treatment group ) . Therapeutic effect , hemorheologic indexes , cytokines and blood lipid levels before and after treatment ,and adverse drug reaction were compared between two groups .Re‐sults:Compared with routine treatment group , there was significant rise in total effective rate (73.47% vs . 93.88% ) in tanshinone IIA group ,P=0.003. Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were signif‐icant improvement in levels of blood lipid ,blood viscosity ,and cytokines in Tanshinone IIA group , P< 0.01 all . Compared with routine treatment group after treatment ,there was significant rise in HDL‐C level [ (1.32 ± 0.20) mmol/L vs .(1.74 ± 0.26) mmol/L] ,significant reductions in levels of LDL‐C [(3.27 ± 0.50) mmol/L vs .(2.03 ± 0.29) mmol/L] ,TG [ (2.69 ± 0.48) mmol/L vs .(1.43 ± 0.30) mmol/L] and TC [ (6.89 ± 1.02) mmol/L vs . (4.29 ± 0.71) mmol/L];significant reductions in plasma viscosity [ (2.59 ± 0.61) mPa s vs .(1.45 ± 0.32) mPa s] , whole blood viscosity [(4.63 ± 1.37) mPa s vs .(2.97 ± 0.85) mPa s] ,platelet adhesion rate [(36.73 ± 4.51)% vs . (30.74 ± 3.37)% ] ,levels of Fg [(4.12 ± 0.99) g/L vs .(3.04 ± 0.78) g/L] ,ICAM‐1 [(106.79 ± 30.15) pg/ml vs . (78.43 ± 14.52) pg/ml] ,CRP [(19.98 ± 3.89) mg/L vs .(10.82 ± 2.19) mg/L] and TNF‐α[(27.91 ± 4.78) pmol/L vs .(17.84 ± 3.56) pmol/L] in Tanshinone IIA group ,P<0.01 all .No severe adverse reaction was found in two groups .Conclusion:Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium possesses significant therapeutic effect on CHD patients .It can significantly improve patient′s hemorheology ,blood lipid and reduce cytokine levels ,and it′s safe and reliable .

Objective To explore the relationship between microRNA (miRNA)-200c expression,epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the sensitivity to gefitinib in colon cancer cells.Methods The inhibitory effects of gefitinib on four types of colon cancer cell lines (HT29,SW620,HCT1116,SW480) were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.The expressions of miRNA-200c,epithelial marker (E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin and zinc finger Ebox binding homeobox 1 ZEB 1) at mRNA level in four types of colon cancer cell lines were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expressions of E-cadherin,vimentin and ZEB 1 at protein level were determined by Western blot.After up-or down-regulated the expression of miRNA-200c,the changes of the expression of EMT related genes and the sensitivity to gefitinib were observed.Results HT29 cells were most sensitive to gefitinib (IC50 =(7.70 ± 0.31) μmol/L),in which the expressions of both miRNA-200c and E-cadherin were the highest,and the expressions of vimentin and ZEB1 were extremely low.HCT116 and SW480 were moderately sensitive to gefitinib (IC50=(11.88±0.97) and (16.63±0.45) μmol/L),and the expressions of miRNA-200c and Ecadherin were moderate.SW620 cell line was most insensitive to gefitinib (IC50 =(26.43 ± 3.68)μmol/L),the expressions of miRNA-200c and E-cadherin were the lowest.The expressions of vimentin and ZEB 1 in SW620 were higher than that of the other three types of cell lines.After upregulated the expression of miRNA 200c,the expression of E-cadherin in SW620 cells increased,the expression of ZEB 1 and vimentin decreased,and the sensitivity to gefitinib increased.After downregulated the expression of miRNA-200c,the expression of E-cadherin in HT29 cells decreased,the expression of ZEB 1 and vimentin increased,and the sensitivity to gefitinib decreased.Conclusion miRNA-200c may up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin through EMT regulation,and then influence the sensitivity to gefitinib in colon cancer cells.

Objective To observe the morphologic protection effect of intra-articular injection of osteoprotegerin (OPG)on articular cartilage in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Sixty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:OPG group (n=20),sham-operated group (n=20) and PBS group (n=20).In OPG group and PBS group,each rabbit underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in left knee joint,then 0.1 ml OPG solution or PBS were injected into the left knee for 8 weeks (5 times a week) in OPG group and PBS group,respectively.In sham-operated group,the anterior cruciate ligament was just exposed without transection,and then the incision was closed.All rabbits were sacrificed 12 weeks after operation,and the left knee joints were obtained.The Pelletier score and Mankin score were used to evaluate the macroscopic and microscopic cartilage morphology.Results The score of femoral condyle cartilage and tibial plateau cartilage was 1.80±0.89 and 1.80±0.77 in OPG group,respectively,and 3.10±0.97 and 3.20±0.77 in PBS group.However,there was no statistical difference in Pelletier score between the sham-operated group and the OPG group.Consistent with the macroscopic data,the OPG group has a significantly lower Mankin score involving cartilage structure (2.65±0.88),chondrocyte (1.35±0.71),Safranin O staining (1.83±0.83),tidemark integrity (0.30±0.47) and total score (6.13±1.97) compared with the PBS group (4.52±1.09,1.85±0.63,2.80±0.75,0.65±0.49,and 9.83±1.98,respectively).The OPG group has a significantly higher total Mankin score compared with the sham-operated group (4.80±1.25),however,there were no statistical differences in four subitem scores between the two groups.Moreover,the cartilage thickness in OPG group was 371.84±38.94 μm,255.09±74.82 μm in PBS group,and 404.68±15.97 μm in the sham-operated group,and the differences were statistically significant between three groups.Conclusion OPG has a protective effect on articular cartilage and can slow the progression of OA by reducing the grade of synovitis,decreasing the volume of osteophytes,and suppressing the loss of cartilage thickness.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise is a popular and effective way of fitness. All kinds of changes occur in the human system, especially the changes in the cardiovascular system. Enhancing the cardiovascular system functions is the most important role in the aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVE: To sum up effects of aerobic exercise on blood indicators, cardio-vascular function. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: A computer-based search was conducted in Pubmed for literatures related to aerobic exercise and cardiovascular system published between January 1998 and December 2006 with the key words of "aerobic exercise, cardiovascular" in English. Simultaneously, China Journal Full-text Database was looked for relevant articles published from January 2001 to December 2006 with the same key words in Chinese. The data were selected firstly. Inclusive criteria: ①the influence of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular function, ②influence of aerobic exercise on blood indexes. The exclusive criterion for deletion was the repetition of the same research. There were 81 literatures in accordance with the above-mentioned criteria. LITERATURE EVALUATION: 51 papers of repetitive research were excluded, 30 of them were accorded with the inclusive criteria and were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Aerobic exercise plays the most important role in fitness. Enhancing the cardiovascular system functions is the most important role in the aerobic exercise. Epidemiological studies and experimental studies have indicated that aerobic exercise not only can increase energy consumption, improve vitality lipoprotein and lower blood lipid content, but also can reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension and decrease the incidence of arteriosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, and can effectively enhance cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Appropriate aerobic exercise can lead to the enhancements of cardiac function and vascular function, and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To put forward the prevention advice on foreign body suction,and to discuss the effica-cy,safety and application experience of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children. Methods The treatment experience of 38 cases for airway foreign body removal with flexible bron-choscopy and granulation tissue proliferation in Argon plasma coagulation ( APC ) ( argon knife ) combining carbon dioxide( CO2 ) cryotherapy in Bayi Children′s Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command from January 2013 to December 2014 were reviewed,and the clinical data including age,gender,treatment time for inhaled foreign body,clinical and X-ray manifestations,location of the foreign body,treatment with bronchoscopy with APC and cryotherapy,complications and outcomes were analyzed. Results There were 38 cases of patients including 31 male (81. 6%) and 7 female(18. 4%),aged from 10 months to 14 years old,with mean age 28. 5 months;among them there were 30 cases with definite history of foreign body,accounting for 78. 9%;the most common clinical symptom was cough among the cases,accounting for 84. 3%;X ray showed 15 cases with ipsilateral lung atelectasis,accounting for 39. 5%, emphysema in 17 cases,accounting for 44. 7%,pneumonia change in 6 cases,accounting for 15. 8%,there were 11 ca-ses who had lung computerized tomography examination when coming to the hospital,and only 1 case could be seen to have foreign body shadow;microscopic examination found that inhaled foreign body in the right bronchus accounted for 57. 9%,and peanut was the main foreign body inhalation in this group;only 4 cases(10. 5%) had definite diagnosis and foreign body removal within 24 h after foreign body aspiration,moreover,34 cases(89. 5%) with foreign body aspi-ration got the diagnosis and treatment after 24 h;crying was the primary inducement for inhaled foreign body. All the 38 cases of children with inhaled foreign body experienced removal under flexible bronchoscopy. There were 19 cases (50. 0%) who had granulation tissue proliferation around the foreign body,among which 5 cases of foreign body was wrapped by the proliferation of granulation tissue,with APC dealing with the granulation tissue of foreign body surface to remove foreign body after exposure,then giving CO2 cryotherapy. Nevertheless,there were 9 cases of foreign body who had granulation tissue but was not wrapped,receiving CO2 cryotherapy directly after the foreign body removal. One case of this group had bradycardia during the surgery,and 2 cases had postoperative bleeding,but there was no death cases with foreign bodies removal. Conclusions Education is the key to prevent foreign body aspiration in infants under 3 years old. Flexible bronchoscopy is safe to remove foreign bodies from the respiratory tract and has fewer complications, so it is one of the alternative methods in diagnosis and treatment of foreign body inhalation.

Objective To explore the operating methods,the effectiveness and safety for 2 cases of tracheal in-tubation related severe subglottic stenosis under laryngeal mask by using bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and interven-tional treatment. Methods Two male patients ( age at 4 and 11 months) both had difficulty breathing and weaning failure after endotracheal intubation,who were diagnosed with severe subglottic stenosis through CT and bronchoscopy examination. All parents signed their consent after being fully informed of treatment risks. Two cases were treated under bronchoscopic holmium laser combined with argon plasma coagulation and freezing treatment by using the laryngeal mask. The clinical data, complications and postoperative outcome and follow-up were analyzed. Results Two cases were operated successfully,the subglottic granulation tissue of 1 case was completely removed,2 cases of patients had subglottic narrow annular completely removed, and there was no problem for 4. 0 mm bronchoscope to get through,postoperative tracheal catheter was successfully extracted,dyspnea was significantly improved. Two cases imme-diately showed well open after treatment,7 d,30 d and 90 d through endoscopic examination. During the operation,oxy-gen saturation decreased and heart rate increased fast or slowed down,but after operation and oxygen got resumed,they immediately recovered,and there were no abnormal hemodynamic changes during and after operation. The two cases were still under follow-up. Conclusions The laryngeal mask holmium laser,argon plasma coagulation and cryotherapy can be used to remove acquired granulation tissue hyperplasia caused by subglottic stenosis,which is safe and effective, and the short-term effect was remarkable. Long-term effect still needs to be further assessed through follow-up.

The mrp gene of SS2 human strain Habb was truncated and cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pGEX4T-2,and a fusion-expressed protein MRP-GST of 61 000 was obtained in E.coli.The GST was cut from MRP-GST with thrombin protease to gain the purified MRP of 35 000 which showed a strong reaction to the SS2 positive sera in Western blotting.BALB/c mice were immunitied intraperitoneally with purified MRP protein.Murine myeloma cells were fused with the splenocytes of the immunized mice after the third immunization.An indirect ELISA coated with purified MRP was used to screen hybridomas for production of specific antibody.The six McAb recognized MRP specially.According to the results of 71 standard strains (48 SS and 34 SS2)by Sandwich ELISA,the coincidence rate was 97.2%,but for 34 SS standard serotype was 100 %.The ELISA method has a potential value for clinical and epidemiological applicationgs.

Objective To study the effect of intra-articular injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the balance of ADAMTS/TIMP-3 system in a rabbit osteoarthritis models.Methods Sixty rabbits were underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).Rabbits were randomizedn to the following treatment:one knee of each rabbit was treated with 100 μmol/L DHEA dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (the experimental group) and the other knee was treated under the same schedule using dimethylsulphoxide (the control group) 4 weeks after transection,once a week for eight weeks.Twelve weeks after ACLT,all rabbits were killed after X-ray assessment and the knee joints were evaluated by gross morphology and histology.The concentration of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan in the cartilage were analyzed.The mRNA expression of ADAMTS-4,ADAMTS-5,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3),transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.Aggrecan and Collagen Ⅱ in the cartilage were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein expression of aggrecan ARGxx and Collagen Ⅱ in the cartilage were analyzed by Western blot.Results By Mann-Whitney test,Gross morphologic scores on femoral condyle and tibial plateau in the control group were significantly higher than the experi-mental group (Z=-3.517,P＜0.01 ; Z=-2.518,P＜0.05).By unpaired Student's t test,histological evaluation showed that the grade of cartilage damage in the experimental group [(5.3±1.2) μg/ml] were less severe than that in the control group (10.1 ± 1.3,P＜0.01).The concentration of hydroxyproline [(5.7±0.3,23.6± 1.7) μg/ml] and glycosaminoglycan (30±4) in the experimental group increased significantly when compared with the control group [(4.6±0.5),(18.5±1.4),(24±4) μg/ml,P＜0.01].The mRNA expression of ADAMTS-4 (0.15±0.03)and ADAMTS-5 (0.10±0.04) in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with the control group (0.29±0.08,0.15±0.05; all P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of TIMP-3 (0.85±0.10),TGF-β1(1.2±0.4),Aggrecan (0.87±0.31) and Collagen Ⅱ (2.74±0.59) in the experimental group increased significantly when compared with the control group (0.70±0.13,0.8±0.4,0.49±0.16,2.2±0.5; all P＜0.05).The protein expression of Aggrecan ARGxx (0.53±0.10) in the experimental group decreased significantly when compared with the control group (0.81±0.12,P＜0.01).The protein expression of Collagen Ⅱ (2.3±0.7) in the experimental group increased significantly when compared with the control group (1.7±0.5,P＜0.05).Conclusion DHEA protects against cartilage degradation and inhibits the progression of OA,TGF-β1,Aggrecan and Collagen Ⅱ in cartilage may be the mechanism of the protective effect of DHEA on OA.

Objective To explore the insertion of the teaching contents of nursing in rural doctors'higher education,so as to increase their understanding of medical knowledge and improve their medical skills.Method 90 rural doctors of Grade 2014 were chosen as the research object,and according to their willingness to participate,they were divided into control group and observation group.The students in the control group were mainly taught by the relevant knowledge of clinical medicine,while nursing teaching content was inserted in the teaching of observation group.In the teaching process,firstly,the teaching contents of nursing were reorganized,and then the teaching content of clinical medicine was taken as the main line,according to the development of teaching content,flexibly inserting nursing teaching part.The results of the final examination of the internal medicine of the two groups were compared and the specific learning experience of rural doctors was investigated.SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the data,the count data was expressed as percentage,and chi square test was performed.Results The number of students in the control group and the observation group whose subjective score was more than 40 was 17.65％ and 48.72％ respectively.The number of students scoring ＜30 points accounted for 23.53％ and 5.13％ of the total number of students,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).The observation group had a better learning experience,and had little influence on the learning of clinical medical knowledge.Conclusion In the stage of education for rural doctors,inserting the teaching contents of nursing can improve the teaching effect.