Objective To understand the blood glucose level and snacking habits in both healthy pregnant women and those with abnormal glucose tolerance during their mid pregnancy,for the purpose of providing reference for implementing nutrition education and intervention programs.Methods A questionnaire interview on snack habits,physical activity,sleep quality was conducted among 166 pregnant women in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital.Subjects were then divided into normal group (n=97) and abnormal group (n=69) according to the results of blood glucose screening.Results There were no differences in snack intake and the energy generated from the three major nutrients between the two groups of women.However comparing to the normal group,women in abnormal group were more likely to choose the glutinous rice (17.4％ vs.4.1％),cake (37.7％ vs.20.6％) and dried fruit (13.0％ vs.4.1％),while comparing with women in abnormal group,women in normal group tend to choose vegetables (28.9％ vs.11.6％) and nuts (64.5％ vs.47.8％) as between-meal snacks.Conclusion The study suggested that pregnant women may continue the principle of frequent meal at reduced volume everyday,while starting to learn how to make good selection of high-nutrient-density snakes.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the generalization of automatic unit-dose tablet sorting and counting machine (ATM) in hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The preparative work and the working procedure of the ATM were introduced, and the advantages, the causes of medication errors and the problems related to the application of the ATM were analyzed. RESULTS: ATM helped to enhance the dispensing efficiency, improve the sanitation of drugs, ensure drug safety to great extent and improve the drug control. However, sometimes it might bring about medication errors. 236 (0.48%) of the total 49 059 medical orders analyzed in our study were found to be of medication errors. CONCLUSIONS: ATM has great application value. The wide use of ATM is consistent with the tendency of pharmacy automation, yet its use remains to be further improved.

Objective Current research proposed that lid-wiper epitheliopathy may be a early symptom of dry eye.At present,there are seldom studies on lid-wiper epitheliopathy in both home and abroad.This study was to investigate the effect of artificial tears without antiseptic in the treatment of lid-wiper epitheliopathy and discuss the method of treatment of lid-wiper epitheliopathy. MethodsThis is a case-observative study.Seventy patients with lid-wiper epitheliopathy and with negative results in tear film break-up test,SchirmerⅠtest and corneal fluorescine staining were enrolled in the Peking University First Hospital during September 2006 and June 2008.The treatment group included 54 eyes of 54 patients who received topically free-antiseptic artificial tears (dextran 70 eye drops) four times per day for two weeks,and the control group included 16 eyes from 16 patients who were not treated.Dry Eye Questionnaire were taken from the patients before the administration of drug and 2 weeks after treatment.Fluorescein and Lissamine green double-staining was used before and after treatment for the evaluation of lid-wiper epitheliopathy.The disease was graded into 0 (absence) to 3(severe),and the symptoms and dye were scored following the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (Korb criteria).Informed consent and good compliance were obtained before initial and during the therapy duration. ResultsIn the treatment group,the scores of symproms and staining were significantly different between before and after administration of drug (12.91±2.55 vs 2.78±2.27 in symptom,t=22.70,P＜0.05;1.79±0.78 vs 0.19±0.31 in dye,Z=-6.40,P＜0.05),indicating the symptoms and dye results were obviously improved after therapy.In the control group,no significant differences were found in the symptom score and dye score in the corresponding time period (12.63±2.60 vs 12.94±2.11,t=-1.10,P＞0.05 in symptom;1.97±0.74 vs 1.98±0.72,Z=-0.58,P＞0.05 in dye).According to the grade of disease,the magnitude of the staining after treatment was considerably improved in comparison with before treatment (Z_1=-3.47 for mild,Z_2=-4.04 for moderate,Z_3=-3.74 for severe),showing statistically significant differences between them (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe use of artificial tears is an efficacious treatment for treating lid wiper epitheliopathy.The topicaly utilization of artificial tears can alleviate the symptoms and pathological changes of lid wiper epitheliopathy.

Objective To study the clinical effect of combined treatment of Lipo PGE1 and millimeter wave on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods 98 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)were randomly divided into the first treatment group with Lipo-PGE1,and the second treatment group combined with Lipo PGE1 and millimeter wave compared with the routin therapy group as control in order to observe the subjective symptom,tendon reflex and nerve conduction velocity,respectively.Results The total effective rates of the second treatment group was 91%,which was significantly higher than the control group(P

To develop a new temperature control moxibustion device so as to improve the clinical therapeutic effect of moxibustion. According to the thermal effect of moxibustion, with the designs such as the modern electronic equipment (temperature control system) adopted and in combination of smoke filtration device and oxygen mask device, a new temperature control moxibustion device was developed. The new temperature control moxibustion device may achieve the automatic regulation of temperature and distance and avoid the pollution and irritation of smoke and flavor, etc. As a result, the traditional moxibustion therapy can better play its efficacy and display its safety and convenience in practice.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Temperature

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise is a popular and effective way of fitness. All kinds of changes occur in the human system, especially the changes in the cardiovascular system. Enhancing the cardiovascular system functions is the most important role in the aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVE: To sum up effects of aerobic exercise on blood indicators, cardio-vascular function. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: A computer-based search was conducted in Pubmed for literatures related to aerobic exercise and cardiovascular system published between January 1998 and December 2006 with the key words of "aerobic exercise, cardiovascular" in English. Simultaneously, China Journal Full-text Database was looked for relevant articles published from January 2001 to December 2006 with the same key words in Chinese. The data were selected firstly. Inclusive criteria: ①the influence of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular function, ②influence of aerobic exercise on blood indexes. The exclusive criterion for deletion was the repetition of the same research. There were 81 literatures in accordance with the above-mentioned criteria. LITERATURE EVALUATION: 51 papers of repetitive research were excluded, 30 of them were accorded with the inclusive criteria and were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Aerobic exercise plays the most important role in fitness. Enhancing the cardiovascular system functions is the most important role in the aerobic exercise. Epidemiological studies and experimental studies have indicated that aerobic exercise not only can increase energy consumption, improve vitality lipoprotein and lower blood lipid content, but also can reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension and decrease the incidence of arteriosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, and can effectively enhance cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Appropriate aerobic exercise can lead to the enhancements of cardiac function and vascular function, and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and significance of Fas, FasL and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of Fas, FasL and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma specimen and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS The positive rates of Fas and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma tissue were significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissue, while FasL in laryngeal carcinoma tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue(P

A rapid headspace gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometric ( HS-GC/MS ) method was established for the analysis of volatile fatty acids ( VFAs ) in the feces. Feces were suspended by 6%phosphoric acid aqueous solution (1:2 m/V) and sealed in the headspace bottle for HS-GC/MS analysis. The HS-GC/MS method was optimized as follows: agitator temperature ( temp. ):80 ℃, syringe temp.:80 ℃, sample incubation time: 30 min, injection: 1 mL without split-flow. The chromatographic separation was performed on a DB-FFAP capillary column (30m×0. 25 mm×0. 25 μm) with injection port temp.:250 ℃. The temperature program ( initial temp. at 50 ℃ within first 1 min, and raised to 200 ℃ by 10 ℃/min) was employed by fixing the flow of carrier gas (high purity helium) at 1. 0 mL/min. The electron energy at -70 eV for electron impact ( EI ) ionization, ion source temp.: 250 ℃, transfer line temp.:280 ℃, the voltage of electron multiplier at 0. 95 kV. The spectra were recorded in the range of m/z 33-200 for full scan. The established HS-GC/MS method could be applied to analyze VGAs in the feces from human and rat appropriately. There are nine VFAs identified in the feces from human, and eight VFAs detected in the feces from rat by retrieving the NIST library, comparing with the standards and analyzing the MS data. Furthermore, the relative percentage contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid accounted for roughly 85% of all VFAs by area normalization. The method is simple and sensitive, and it can be used to rapidly detect VFAs in the feces from human and rat.

Objective To investigate the protective role of FDP to STZ induced islest apoptosis and the potential mechanisms.Methods The pancreases of the rats were treated to collect islets cells.The cells were incubated with STZ with/or FDP.Cell morphology,insulin secretion,HO-1 activity,CO content,SOD activity,GSH-px activity,iNOS activity were examined.No conetent and apoptotic percentage was detected.Results HO-1 activity and CO content of the normal control group were low.STZ induced a significant decrease of cell activity and insulin release,flow cytometry analysis showed that apoptotic percentage of islet cells remarkably increased following the addition of STZ,FDP obviously improved the islets cellular activity damaged by STZ,basic amount of insulin secretion and stimulated by high glucose were improved(P

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-133b in the brain of methamphetamine(MA) dependent rats and its regulatory effects on neuronal toxic injury.MethodsThrough continuous intraperitoneal injection to rats with MA(10 mg/kg),the conditioned place preference(CPP) rats model was established,and the expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of model rats was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR).PC12 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with MA(800 μmol/L),and then miR-133b expression in cultured neurons was detected.miR-133b mimics and inhibitor were transfected to PC12 cells respectively to observe the effect of miR-133b on the mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) of cultured neurons.ResultsAfter continuous intraperitoneal injection with MA for 14 days,the residence time of rats in the box with medicine((620.20±44.80)s) was significantly longer compared with the control group((341.80±25.12)s,P<0.01),which showed that MA dependent rats model was successfully established.The RT-PCR detection results showed that the expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of model rats(0.36±0.05) significantly decreased compared with the control group(0.99±0.08,P<0.01).In the in vitro model,most of the neuronal cell bodies became round and the neuorites were withdrawn after MA treatment.Compared with the control group(1.00±0.02),the RT-PCR detection results showed that the expression of miR-133b in MA group(0.74±0.05) decreased(P<0.05).The JC-1 detection results showed that the MMP of the MA group(109.85±7.03) decreased significantly contrast to the control group(36.49±3.89,P<0.01),the MMP of the miR-133b mimics group(58.97±6.56) increased significantly contrast to the mimics control group(135.46±15.04,P<0.01) and the MMP of the miR-133b inhibitor group(162.84±14.15) decreased contrast to the inhibitor control group(139.81±12.26,P<0.05).ConclusionsThe expression of miR-133b in the cerebral cortex of MA dependent rats and in vitro neuron model treated with MA are significantly downregulated.By regulating the expression of miR-133b,the MMP damage of cultured neurons treated with MA is changed,indicating that miR-133b is not only involved in the nerve injury induced by MA,but also possiblely as a molecular target for intervention.