Objective To explore the insertion of the teaching contents of nursing in rural doctors'higher education,so as to increase their understanding of medical knowledge and improve their medical skills.Method 90 rural doctors of Grade 2014 were chosen as the research object,and according to their willingness to participate,they were divided into control group and observation group.The students in the control group were mainly taught by the relevant knowledge of clinical medicine,while nursing teaching content was inserted in the teaching of observation group.In the teaching process,firstly,the teaching contents of nursing were reorganized,and then the teaching content of clinical medicine was taken as the main line,according to the development of teaching content,flexibly inserting nursing teaching part.The results of the final examination of the internal medicine of the two groups were compared and the specific learning experience of rural doctors was investigated.SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the data,the count data was expressed as percentage,and chi square test was performed.Results The number of students in the control group and the observation group whose subjective score was more than 40 was 17.65％ and 48.72％ respectively.The number of students scoring ＜30 points accounted for 23.53％ and 5.13％ of the total number of students,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).The observation group had a better learning experience,and had little influence on the learning of clinical medical knowledge.Conclusion In the stage of education for rural doctors,inserting the teaching contents of nursing can improve the teaching effect.

To investigate the protection effect of DNA vaccine in mammalian and avian systems, the DNA vaccine was inoculated in both BALB/c mice and SPF chickens immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from A/Goose/GuangDong/1/96 (H5N1) virus. The mice and chickens were immunized twice, 3 weeks apart, by electroporation into muscles or intramuscular injection. Two weeks after the second immunization, the mice and chickens were challenged with a lethal dose of homologous virus. The mice and chickens immunized by electroporation obtained completely protection against the virus, and could effectively inhibited viruses to replicating in mouse lung and chicken cloaca. At the same time, these protections were companied by high levels specific antibody to H5N1 AIV, while the blank plasmid controls experience 100 percent mortality following challenge. Furthermore, in the experiment of mice by eletroporation,stronger obviously CTL activity were observed after challenge. Thus, the cellular immune responses of the mice immunized by electroporation were exhibited. These results strongly demonstrate that HA DNA vaccines provide effective protection against influenza virus infection in mammalian and avian, and suggest that electroporation is one of the efficient gene delivery systems for the transfer of influenza DNA vaccine in both humoral immunity and cellular immunity.

Professor WU Lian-zhong's academic thought and relevant theories of WU's mind regulation needling technique, the needling technique of ascending the clear and descending the turbid, clinical evidence-based needling technique at special acupoints, as well as the operation methods are introduced in this paper. In application of The mind regulation needling technique and the needling technique of ascending the clear and descending the turbid, He emphasizes the and highlights the importance of the people and the interaction between physician and patient. The needling techniques lay the stresses on motivating meridian qi, adjusting the antipathogenic qi in the core of resuscitation and mind regulation. These needling techniques bring the obvious efficacy on difficultly-treated diseases, such as stroke, dementia and tumor, etc.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of constipation in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, construct a risk prediction model, and verify the predictive effect of the model to scientifically guide subsequent treatment and nursing.Methods:A total of 254 patients with cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical Collegefrom May 2022 to November 2022 were selected in a prospective cohort study, and they were divided into constipation group ( n = 150) and non-constipation group ( n = 104) according to whether constipation occurred. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of constipation in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and a risk prediction model was established and a nomogram was drawn. A total of 110 patients with cerebral hemorrhage hospitalized in the same hospital from December 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the validation group, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve were used to verify the model. Results:In this study, four risk factors of hospital stay, Koubmwater swallowing test score, nutrition and diuretics were finally included to construct a risk prediction model, and the area under the ROC curve of the modeling group was 0.918, the 95% CI was 0.848 to 0.963, the optimal cut-off value was 0.7225, the sensitivity was 0.885, and the specificity was 0.837. External verification results showed a sensitivity of 0.926 and specificity of 0.611. Conclusions:The risk prediction model constructed in this study has good effect and can provide reference for clinical assessment of whether patients with cerebral hemorrhage have the risk of constipation.

Objective To explore distribution characteristics and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs),and the correlation between CMBs and white matter lesions (WML) in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD).Methods 180 patients with ICVD in neurology department of Hebei General Hospital from February 2015 to January 2017 were recruited.Those patients were underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).Recorded the baseline data and risk factors of high blood pressure,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and high homocysteine were recorded.Patients with CMBs were counted and graded to understand the characteristics of CMBs distribution.Logisitic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.ICVD patients were divided into CMBs group and non CMBs group.CMBs group was further divided into 4 groups according to the severity,which was divided into level 1-3.The correlation between CMBs influencing factors and classification was further studied.Then patients with ICVD were divided into WML group and non WML group.WML group scored each region with age-related white matter changes rating scale (ARWMCrs).The correlation between WML and CMBs classification was further studied.Results (1) The overall prevalence of CMBs in patients with ICVD was 61.7％ (111/180).The most common location of CMBs in patients with ICVD was the cortical and subcortical regions (80/111,72.1％),followed by the basal ganglia and thalamus regions (61/111,55.0％),and the infratentorial regions(38/111,34.2％).The difference between them were significant (x2 =32.061,P=0.000).In cortical and subcortical regions of CMBs,temporal lobe was the most common (61.3％).(2) Age(B=0.046,Or=1.047,95％CI =1.017～ 1.077,P=0.002) and the high homocysteine (B =1.458,Or=4.299,95％ CI =2.114 ～ 8.744,P＜0.001) were the risk factors for CMBs.(3) Four classification of CMBs was positively correlated with and WML total score (r=0.393,P=0.393).Conclusion The temporal lobe was the most common region for CMBs in patients with ICVD.Age and high homocysteine were risk factors for CMBs.With the increase of WML total score,severity of CMBs was also increased.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were induced by MPTP to establish a PD mouse model and the movement track of mice was re-corded by open field experiment.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),α-synuclein(α-syn),nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue of mice.SN4741 cells were stimulated by MPTP to establish a PD cell model in vitro.MPTP stimulation of SN4741 cells to establish an in vitro cell mod-el of PD.After pretreatment with salidroside,TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group.The expressions of TH,α-syn,Nrf2 and NQO1 were detected by immunofluorescence.Nrf2 expres-sion was knocked down by being transfected with si-RNA,and apoptosis condition was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)protein in brain tissue extract and cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The open field experiment results showed that salidroside could improve 3 min total distance of activity,average speed and activity track of PD mice(P＜0.05).Compared with the PD model mice,the salidroside treated mice showed significantly increased expression of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1 in the brain,and reduced expression of IL-18,α-Syn,IL-1β.Compared with the MPTP stimulated cells,the salidroside pretreatment group showed a decrease in cell apoptosis and an increase in the expressions of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1,but reduced expressions in α-Syn,IL-1β and IL-18.After si-RNA knockdown of Nrf2 expression,the protective effect of salidroside on MPTP stimulated cells weakened or even disappeared.Conclusion Salidroside may alleviate neuronal apoptosis by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway,which is expected to be a new drug for PD treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were induced by MPTP to establish a PD mouse model and the movement track of mice was re-corded by open field experiment.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),α-synuclein(α-syn),nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue of mice.SN4741 cells were stimulated by MPTP to establish a PD cell model in vitro.MPTP stimulation of SN4741 cells to establish an in vitro cell mod-el of PD.After pretreatment with salidroside,TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group.The expressions of TH,α-syn,Nrf2 and NQO1 were detected by immunofluorescence.Nrf2 expres-sion was knocked down by being transfected with si-RNA,and apoptosis condition was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)protein in brain tissue extract and cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The open field experiment results showed that salidroside could improve 3 min total distance of activity,average speed and activity track of PD mice(P＜0.05).Compared with the PD model mice,the salidroside treated mice showed significantly increased expression of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1 in the brain,and reduced expression of IL-18,α-Syn,IL-1β.Compared with the MPTP stimulated cells,the salidroside pretreatment group showed a decrease in cell apoptosis and an increase in the expressions of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1,but reduced expressions in α-Syn,IL-1β and IL-18.After si-RNA knockdown of Nrf2 expression,the protective effect of salidroside on MPTP stimulated cells weakened or even disappeared.Conclusion Salidroside may alleviate neuronal apoptosis by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway,which is expected to be a new drug for PD treatment.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical feature and constituent ratio of adult hip fractures in Southwest China.

METHODSThe data of adult inpatients and outpatients with hip fractures treated between January 2010 and December 2011 in 11 hospitals of the Southwest China were collected and analyzed. The data includes gender, age, age distribution and fracture pattern according to AO classification.

RESULTSThere were a total of 2,833 adult hip fractures, including 1,340 (47.30%) males and 1,493 (52.70%) females, with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 1: 1.11 and a mean age of (66±18) years. The highest frequency of hip fractures was seen in the 71 to 85 years age group (42.18%, 1,195/2,833). There were 844 fractures (29.79%) in the young and middle-aged group (16-<60 years) and 1 898 fractures (70.21%) in the geriatric group (≥60 years). Men had a higher rate than women (men: 577 fractures, 68.4%) in the young and middle-aged group, while women had a higher rate than men (women: 1,226 fractures, 61.64%) in the geriatric group, with a significant difference in the sex distribution between the two groups (χ2=214.001, P<0.01). The proportion of intertrochanteric fracture (type 31-A), femoral neck (type 31-B) and femoral head fracture (type 31-C) was 46.59%, 49.74% and 3.67% respectively. The highest frequency of the sub-type in each fracture type was type 31-A2, type 31-B2 and type 31-C2.

CONCLUSIONSWomen have a higher rate than men in Southwest China. Geriatric patients are more than the young and middle-aged patients. The femoral neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures and femoral head fractures are in descending orders according to the proportion of the three different hip fractures.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Head ; Femur Neck ; Hip Fractures ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged