Objective To investigate the short-term effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFM) with biofeedback on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postpartum and post-menopausal women.Methods According to the different period that the SUI occurs,107 women with SUI were divided into two groups:the group of SUI in postpartum with 60 women,and the group of SUI in post-menopausal with 47 women.PFM with biofeedback was performed on all patients for 8 weeks.One hour pad-weighing test,voiding diary,transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound and female pelvic floor muscle assessment were recorded before and after treatment.Results There was statistically significant difference in 1 hour padweighing test between pre-treatment and post-treatment for the group of SUI in postpartum (the negative,mild,moderate,and severe cases of post-treatment:21,24,14,1,of pre-treatment:0,30,28,2; P＜0.05),and the group of SUI in post-menopausal (the negative,mild,moderate,and severe cases of post-treatment:7,22,11,7,of pre-treatment:0,14,25,8; P＜0.05).The strength of the pelvic floor muscles of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱin two groups after treatment were significantly different from those in pre-treatment (P＜0.01).The efficient rate of improvement in symptoms after treatment in the group of SUI in postpartum was 88％ (53/60) and the cure rate was 38％ (23/60).While the efficient rate in the group of SUI in post-menopausal women was 64％(30/47) and the cure rate was 15％ (7/47).There was statistically significant difference in the development of symptoms in two groups after treatment (P=0.003).Conclusion PFM with biofeedback is an effective treatment for SUI in postpartum and post-menopausal women,especially for postpartum ones.

Objective To observe the effect of comfort levels in patients during long-term video electroencephalographic(VEEG) monitoring on the monitoring effect. Methods A total of 168 patients with consecutive epilepsy were observed about the Bruggrmann comfort scale(BCS) and artifacts of VEEG during VEEG monitoring. Pearson′s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate a possible correlation between BCS and artifacts. Results The average single score before VEEG, including psychological comfort, social comfort, comfortable environment and overall comfort was (2.87±1.04), (2.63±0.98), (2.40± 1.25), (2.84 ± 0.90), (2.69 ± 1.07) points, which was (2.06 ± 1.38), (1.66 ± 1.40), (1.89 ± 0.57), (1.83 ± 1.24), (1.86 ± 1.19) points after VEEG. There was significant difference between 2 groups (t=4.011-6.353, P<0.05). The overall comfort score and the average single project blinks or eye movement artifacts, physical artifacts, chewing or swallowing artifacts and electrocardiogram artifacts were negatively correlated (r=-0.843--0.585, all P < 0.05), which would reduce the number of these artifacts when increased; there was no correlation (r=-0.204,-0.158, P>0.05) between the average single score of comfort and sweating, skin artifacts, and electrocardiogram artifact. Conclusions There is a significant negative correlation between patient's BCS and the occurrence of artifacts during VEEG monitoring. Comfort evaluation and comfort care before monitoring has great significance in raising the long-term VEEG monitoring accuracy.

Objective:To analyze the features of the connective tissue associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT).Methods:A total of 127 patients with CTD-ILD,who were diagnosed by clinic laboratory examination and pathology in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University form September 2013 to September 2015,were enrolled for this study.Their lung features of HRCT imaging were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The classifications for 127 patients were as follows:36 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (28.3%),34 cases of dermatomyositis and polymyositis (26.8%),31 cases of systemic sclerosis (24.4%),18 cases of Sj(o)gren syndrome (14.2%),7 cases of mixed connective tissue disease (5.5%),and 1 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (0.8%).According to the features of HRCT imaging,the patients were divided as follows:77 cases (60.6%) ofnonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP),46 cases (36.2%) of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP),2 cases (1.6%) of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP),1 case (0.8%) of cryptogenic interstitial pneumonia (COP),and 1 case (0.8%) of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP).The HRCT findings for 36 cases of rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease were UIP (24 cases,66.7%) and NSIP (12 cases,33.3%);the HRCT findings for 34 cases of dermatomyositis and polymyositis associated interstitial lung disease were NSIP (32 cases,94.1%),UIP (1 case,2.9%) and COP (1 case,2.9%);the HRCT findings for 31 cases of systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease were NSIP (21 cases,67.8%),UIP.(9 cases,29%),LIP(1 case,3.2%);the HRCT findings for 18 cases of Sj(o)gren syndrome associated interstitial lung disease were NSIP (9 cases,50.0%),UIP (8 cases,44.4%),LIP (1 case,5.6%);the HRCT findings for 7 cases of mixed connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease were UIP (4 cases,57.1%),NSIP (3 cases,42.9%).SLE-ILD was rare,with only 1 case of AIP.Conclusion:Different types of CTD-ILD patients display relatively unique manifestation of HRCT.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and awareness rate of adult diabetes mellitus and the risk factors in Liaoning Anshan. Methods A cross-sectional population survey was performed among residents in Liaoning Anshan and 2 500 subjects participated. Subjects whose fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L were confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results The standardized prevalence of adult diabetes mellitus over the age of 20 in Liaoning Anshan was 8.2%, and the standardized prevalence of pre-diabetes mellitus was 14.8%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased with age (P<0.05). The awareness rate of diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan was 52.3%(125/239), and the awareness rate of pre-diabetes mellitus was 8.7%(35/402). Logistic regression indicated that age, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, waist circumference, hypertriacylglycerolemia was the risk factors (P<0.05), while regular exercise was protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusions The current prevalence of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan is higher, and the awareness rate is lower.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on the toxicity of lufenuron on the reproduction ability and the growth and development of offspring in female and male rats through two-generation reproduction toxicity study. METHODS: The specific pathogen free healthy SD rats were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium-and high-dose lufenuron groups, with 60 rats in each group, half females and half males. Rats in the low-, medium-and high-dose lufenuron groups were respectively fed with lufenuron at the dose of 5.0, 20.0 and 80.0 mg/(kg body weight·day) for 8 weeks before mating. The control group was fed with standard foot. The reproductive index, brain and reproductive organ coefficients and pathological changes were observed in P and F1 parents. The birth and growth indexes of the offspring were measured. RESULTS: i) P generation: from the 14 th day, the female rats in the medium-dose group had lower body weight than that of the female control group(P<0.05); from the 35 th day, the body weight was lower than that of the female low-dose group(P<0.05). From the 14 th day, the female rats in the high-dose group had lower body weight than that of the other three female groups(P<0.05). From the 14 th day, the male rats in the medium-and high-dose groups had lower body weight than that of the male control group and low-dose group(P<0.05). The body weight of pregnant rats in the parental high-dose group was lower than that of the control group, low-dose group, and medium-dose group at day 0, 7, 14, 19 of the pregnancy duration(P<0.05). The body weight of pregnant rats in the parental medium-dose group was lower than that of the low-dose group on day 0 of the pregnancy duration, and lower than that of the control and low-dose groups on day 7 and 14(P<0.05). The conception rate, the new-borne survival rates and the feeding survival rate of female rats in the high-dose group was lower than that of the other three female groups(P<0.008). The new-borne feeding survival rate of female rats in the medium-dose group was lower than that of the control group and low-dose group(P<0.008). The organ coefficients of brain in female rats in the medium-and high-dose groups were higher than that of the female control group and low-dose group(P<0.05). The organ coefficients of brain and testis in male rats in the medium-and high-dose groups were higher than that of the control group and low-dose group(P<0.05). The organ coefficient of epididymis in male rats in the high dose group was lower than that of the other three male groups(P<0.05). ii) F1 generation: the body weight of female rats in the low-and medium-dose group was higher than that of the female control group on the 42 th day(P<0.05). The body weight of male rats in the low-dose group was higher than that of the male control group on the 42 th, 49 th, and 56 th days(P<0.05). The body weight of male rats in the medium-dose group was higher than that of the male control group on the 14 th, 21 th, 42 th, 49 th, and 56 th days(P<0.05). The new-borne survival rate in the low-dose group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.017). The body weight of new-borne rats in the high-dose group on day 4 of birth was lower than that in the other three female groups(P<0.05). iii) F2 generation: the body weight of male rats in the male medium-dose group was lower than that in the control group on day 21 of birth(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The reproductive and developmental toxicity of lufenuron is found in rats in the medium-and high-dose groups. Toxicities including low body weight, conception rate, new-borne survival rate and feeding survival rate are found in P generation; low body weight and feeding survival rate are found in F1 generation; low body weight is found in male F2 generation. The no-observed-adverse-effects levels of lufenuron in two-generation reproductive study are 5.87 mg/(kg·d) for females and 5.09 mg/(kg·d) for males in SD rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) subacute exposure on depression in rats as well as the relevant mechanism of monoamine neurotransmitters. METHODS: The specific pathogen free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in these 4 groups were intra-gastrically administered with 1,2-DCE(diluted in corn oil) at the dose of 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight, every other day for 14 times. After exposure, the behavior change of rats was observed by open-field test, sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), noradrenaline(NA) and dopamine(DA) in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection method. RESULTS: The number of rearing, time and distance of central area, sucrose preference index of mice in medium and high dose groups were decreased(P<0.05), while immobility time of forced swim test was increased(P<0.05) when compared with the mice in control group. The levels of 5-HT, NA and DA in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum decreased with the increase of 1,2-DCE exposure(P<0.05), showing a dose-effect relationship. The levels of 5-HT, NA and DA in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum in the high-dose group were lower than that of control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The subacute exposure of 1,2-DCE can induce depression-like behavior in rats. The mechanism might be related to the reduction of monoamine neurotransmitters in striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of rat silicosis model at different time points. METHODS: The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group and 7, 15, 21, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 day model groups based on their body weight, with 5 rats in each group. Non-exposed endotracheal intubation was performed. Silicosis rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of 250 g/L silica suspension in each rat, and 0.9% sodium chloride solution was perfused into the trachea of rats in the control group. The rats in the control group were sacrificed on the 90 th day after exposure, and the model rats in the other 8 groups were sacrificed on the 7 th, 15 th, 21 st, 30 th, 45 th, 60 th, 75 th and 90 th days after the end of exposure. The gross appearance of the lung tissue of rats was observed. The rat lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining to observe the pathological changes, and Ashcroft score was evaluated. RESULTS: The gross observation showed that the lungs of rats in the model groups had varying degree of gray changes, hardened texture, and spots and nodules on the surface of the lobes. These changes were aggravated with the increase of time after dust exposure. The results of histopathological examination of the lungs showed that the rats developed acute alveolar inflammation, and a large number of macrophages and neutrophils were seen in the lung tissues in the 7 th and 15 th day model groups. Cellular nodules appeared in the lung tissue, and fibrosis appeared in the center of the nodule in the rats of 21 st, 30 th, and the 45 th day model groups; the silicosis nodules appeared in the lung tissues of rats in the 60 th, 75 th, and 90 th day model groups, and the small nodules gradually merged into larger ones. Simultaneously, with the increase of time after dust exposure, the lung tissue of rats gradually showed severe pulmonary fibrosis. The lung organ coefficient and Aschcroft score of rats increased with the increase of time after dust exposure(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The rat lung changes after dust exposure. Acute alveolar inflammation occurs on the 7 th to 15 th day after dust exposure; cellular nodules develop on the 21 st to 45 th day after dust exposure; silicosis nodules develop on the 60 th to 90 th day after dust exposure. The severity of lung fibrosis after dust exposure showed a time-effect relationship in rats.