Objective: To observe the difference in anti-inflammatory effect between living rhino horn and rhino horn by the method of comparative research to provide the experimental basis for the replacement of rhino horn by living rhino horn.Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of living rhino horn and rhino horn were studied by the methods of paw edema in rats, cotton ball granuloma in mice, auricle swelling and peritoneal dye penetration.Results: Compared with that in the model control group, the foot metatarsus swelling degree at all time points in high (440 mg·kg-1) dose group and middle (220 mg·kg-1) dose group of living rhino horn and three doses groups of rhino horn showed statistical differences (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The high dose group (700 mg·kg-1) and middle dose group (350 mg·kg-1) of living rhino horn and rhino horn could significantly reduce the weight of cotton ball granuloma in mice (P＜0.05).Three doses groups (700, 350 and 175 mg·kg-1) of living rhino horn and rhino horn could significantly reduce auricle swelling in mice induced by xylene (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The absorbance of Evansan in the abdominal cavity in the middle dose group (350 mg·kg-1) of rhino horn and the high dose group (700 mg·kg-1) and middle (350 mg·kg-1) dose group of living rhino horn was significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the anti-inflammatory effect between living rhino horn and rhino horn at the same dose.Conclusion: Living rhino horn and rhino horn have a certain anti-inflammatory effect.The anti-inflammatory effect of living rhino horn is similar to those of the rhino horn, and living rhino horn can be used as a substitute of rhino horn.

Hypnotic is the choice drug which etiologically and semeiologically treats insomnia. One of the key points for the hypnotic study is to design and choose satisfactory animal models, which links the preclinical foundation research to the clinical research. In this paper, according to the different models building theories——Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern medicine, the mechanisms, methods, advantages and disadvantages, applicable conditions of the insomnia animal models building were reviewed briefly.

Objective:To study preoperative MRI imaging and its enhanced mode on tumor features in predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The clinical data of patients with a solitary HCC who underwent MRI examination followed by surgical resection at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2017 to June 2019 were studied. The patients were divided into the MVI (+ ) and MVI (-) groups according to the findings on postoperative pathological diagnosis. The relationship between the rates of MVI and MRI tumor features including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) signal, enhancement mode, enhancement type and other imaging characteristics were analysed.Results:Of 84 patients with HCC enrolled into this study, there were 65 males and 19 females. Their age (Mean±SD) was (54.94±11.51) years. MVI (+ ) was found in 46 patients and MVI (-) in 38 patients. The maximum tumor diameters (Mean±SD) of the two groups were (7.08±3.45) cm and (4.28±2.47) cm ( P<0.01). Single-factor analysis and comparison of imaging characteristics of the two groups of patients showed tumor DWI signal, tumor encapsulation, enhancement mode, tumor edge smoothness, abnormal enhancement around tumors, and intratumoral arteries were significantly different ( P<0.05); There were no significant differences in T 1WI signals, T 2WI signals, tumor periphery, and enhancement types between groups. After inputting MVI(+ ) as a risk factor into the logistic regression model, tumor maximum diameters >6.33 cm, type 3/4 enhancement mode, and unsmoothness of tumor edge were independent risk factors (all P<0.05). Through combined diagnosis using ROC curve analysis with a cut-off value of 0.53, the area under the curve was 0.881, the sensitivity 0.870, specificity 0.789, and the Youden index 0.659. Conclusion:The multivariate logistic regression model and combined diagnosis using ROC curve analysis improved the diagnostic efficacy of MVI in its prediction of HCC on imaging studies. The risk predictors were easy to use and to promote in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of metabolic syndrome (MS) on new-onset cholelithiasis.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The data of 89 553 subjects who participated health examination at the Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated to the North China University of Science and Technology,Kailuan Linxi Hospital,Kailuan Zhaogezhuang Hospital,Kailuan Tangjiazhuang Hospital,Kailuan Fan'gezhuang Hospital,Kailuan Lyujiatuo Hospital,Kailuan Jinggezhuang Hospital,Kailuan Linnancang Hospital,Kailuan Qianjiaying Hospital,Kailuan Majiagou Hospital and Kailuan Branch Hospital from June 2006 to December 2015 were collected.According to the diagnostic criteria of MS published by International Diabetes Federation,all the patients were divided into 4 groups,including 70 657 without MS in the normal group,14 075 corresponded with 3 diagnostic criteria of MS in the MS-3 group,4 556 corresponded with 4 diagnostic criteria of MS in the MS-4 group and 265 corresponded with 5 diagnostic criteria of MS in the MS-5 group.Health examinations were applied to all subjects by the fixed team of doctors at the same place.Epidemiological investigation,anthropometric parameters and biochemical indicators were collected.Observation indicators:(1) comparisons of clinical characteristics among the 4 groups;(2) incidence of cholelithiasis in the 4 groups;(3) risk factors analysis affecting new-onset cholelithiasis.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x) ± s and comparisons among groups were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA.Pairwise comparison and homogeneity of variance were done using the LSD test.Heterogeneity of variance was done using the Dunnett's T3 test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (Q) and comparisons among groups were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.Comparisons of count data were analyzed by the chi-square test.The incidence of cholelithiasis in the 4 groups were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons of incidence were done by the Log-rank test.The COX proportional hazards model was used to analyze the hazard ratios (HR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI) of MS on new-onset cholelithiasis.Results (1) Comparisons of clinical characteristics among the 4 groups:age,sex (male),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),waistline,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),fasting blood glucose,BMI,cases with hypertension,diabetes,drinking,smoking and physical exercise were (50± 12) years,52 895,(127 ± 20) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),(81 ± 11) mmHg,(85±9)cm,1.14 mmol/L (range,0.83-1.56 mmol/L),(4.9±1.1) mmol/L,(1.56±0.39)mmol/L,(5.2± 1.3)mmol/L,(24.5±3.3) kg/m2,24 016,7 696,11 636,20 689,10 245 in the normal group and (54± 11)years,12905,(142±19)mmHg,(90±11)mmHg,(94±8)cm,2.08 mmol/L (range,1.51-3.04 mmol/L),(5.1±1.3)mmol/L,(1.50±0.42)mmol/L,(6.3±2.1)mmol/L,(27.1±3.2) kg/m2,10 031,5 737,3 090,4 762,2 353 in the MS-3 group and (54±10)years,4 556,(146±19)mmHg,(92±11)mmHg,(97±7)cm,2.57 mmol/L (range,2.03-3.80 mmol/L),(5.2± 1.4)mmol/L,(1.44±0.45)mmol/L,(7.2±2.4)mmol/L,(28.1±3.1)kg/m2,3 696,2 971,1 091,1 699,867 in the MS-4 group and (56±11)years,265,(146± 17)mmHg,(92±11)mmHg,(98±6)cm,2.60 mmol/L (range,2.06-3.91 mmol/L),(4.9±1.1)mmol/L,(0.86±0.14) mmol/L,(7.7± 2.9) mmol/L,(28.7 ± 2.9) kg/m2,221,196,62,93,78 in the MS-5 group,respectively,with statistically significant differences among the 4 groups (F =481.40,x2 =3 359.07,F =3 551.06,3 280.16,5 915.20,x2 =18 358.71,F=211.30,473.42,4 168.34,3 909.75,x2 =9 829.51,14 449.74,375.78,225.14,145.73,P ＜ 0.05).(2) Incidence of cholelithiasis in the 4 groups:89 553 subjects were observed for (8.0± 1.1) years,and 4 313 had new-onset cholelithiasis with a cumulative incidence of 4.8％.The cumulative incidences of cholelithiasis in the normal,MS-3,MS-4 and MS-5 groups were respectively 4.5％,5.6％,6.3％ and 13.2％,with a statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (x2 =89.96,P＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the cumulative incidences of cholelithiasis among the normal,MS-3,MS-4 and MS-5 groups (x2=28.56,29.25,43.48,17.13,35.75,16.82,P＜0.05).(3) Risk factors analysis affecting new-onset cholelithiasis:results of COX proportional hazards model showed that hazard of the new-onset cholelithiasis in the normal group was increased compared with that in the MS-3,MS-4 and MS-5 groups with adjustment for sex,age,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,smoking,drinking and physical exercise (HR=1.16,1.33,2.68,95％CI:1.07-1.26,1.17-1.51,1.92-3.74,P＜0.05).Conclusion MS is an independent risk factor of new-onset cholelithiasis,and the increased incidence risk of new-onset cholelithiasis is consistent with subjects corresponded with diagnostic criteria of MS.

The recombinant adenovirus Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) shRNA vector (pGSadeno-TLR4) was constructed and transfected into human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMC).After HA-VSMC were treated with palmitate or different signaling pathway inhibitors,the mRNA and protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6)and NF-κB activity were tested with real-time PCR and ELISA,respectively.The results showed that palmitate increased mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 in HA-VSMC in a dose-dependent manner.The expression of IL-6 mRNA reached peak after treatment with 400 μmol/L of palmitate for 6 h,being 10.43 fold of control (P＜0.01).Treatment with 400 pmol/L of palmitate for 24 h maximally upregulated the protein level of IL-6,which was 2.18 fold of control (P＜0.01).NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide markedly inhibited palmitate-stimulated increased in IL-6 mRNA level by 65％ and protein level by 59％ (both P＜0.01).Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chlerythrine suppressed palmitateinduced IL-6 mRNA expression by 24％ and IL-6 protein level by 28％.By contrast,extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin had no effect on the induction of IL-6 by palmitate.Blockade of TLR4 with pGSadeno-TLR4 significantly suppressed palmitate-induced IL-6 mRNA expression by 72％ and IL-6 protein expression by 75％ (both P＜0.01),along with decrease of NF-κB p65 activity decreased by 62％.These results suggest that TLR4/NF-κB and PKC pathways mediate palmitate-induced IL-6 expression in HA-VSMC.

OBJECTIVETo understand the action mechanism of Tianwang Buxin decoction that is the whole prescription included all drugs from Tianwang Buxin honeyed pill and Tianwang Buxin without radix platycodi decoction on the nerves-calming and hyposomnia-curing.

METHODThe influence of Tianwang Buxin decoction and Tianwang Buxin without radix platycodi decoction on somnus utilizing the mice' s somnus in coordination with Pentobarbital sodium was observed. Investigation whether the compatibility of radix platycodi affect the concentration of brain neurotransmitter, 5-HT, NA and DA, correlated sleep-awareness by HPLC-ECD detection was carried out after rats' hyposomnia model were founded.

RESULTThe falling asleep rates of mice given subthreshold dose raised (P<0.05), remarkably because of Tianwang Buxin decoction. But there is significant difference with Tianwang Buxin lack of radix platycodi decoction despite the heightening tendency. All groups were discovered that the level of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, the monoamine transmitter, heighten obviously after the whole prescription and the prescription without radix platycodi were administered in nuclei raphae medullae oblongatae (P<0.05), but it is only the whole prescription group that emerged same phenomenon in the Ammon's horn and striatum area. Furthermore significant difference exist as comparing Tianwang Buxin whole prescription decoction with Tianwang Buxin without radix platycodi decoction. The level of another monoamine transmitter DA stepped up notably in the whole prescription and the prescription without radix platycodi groups following administration in corpora striata (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of hypnosis action lie in enhancement of releasing 5-HT in encephalic regions for the Tianwang Buxin whole prescription decoction, but it's possible that radix platycodi may be the key point that adjusts the additional quantity.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Neostriatum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Rats ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective:To investigate the differences and changes of blood flow status of splenic volume, common hepatic artery, splenic arteriovenous, inner diameter of portal vein and hepatic in patients with hypersplenism of different degrees using multi-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion model.Methods:42 cases with hypersplenism of chronic hepatitis B with cirrhosis and 15 cases without hepatosplenic disease were collected as controls. All patients underwent multi-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion imaging. (1) The differences of spleen volume, common hepatic artery, splenic arteriovenous, and portal vein diameter between different degrees of hypersplenism and the control group were measured and compared. (2) The correlation between spleen volume and the inner diameter of each related vessels were analyzed and compared. (3) The values of perfusion parameters related to the five lobes of the liver in Couinaud segments based on hepatic artery perfusion (HAP), portal venous perfusion (PVP), total hepatic perfusion (TLP) and hepatic artery perfusion index (HPI) were measured and compared. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the measurement data. The correlation between the spleen volume and the inner diameter of each blood vessel was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation analysis.Results:(1) spleen volume and the inner diameter of splenic artery, splenic vein and portal vein in the cirrhotic hypersplenism group were significantly larger than control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 37.108, 17.484, 23.124, 13.636, P < 0.05). (2) spleen volume and the inner diameter of splenic artery, vein and portal vein in the moderate and severe hypersplenism groups were significantly larger than the mild hypersplenism group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 25.418, 13.293, 15.136, 7.093, P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the moderate and severe hypersplenism groups ( P > 0.05). (3) The inner diameter of splenic vein, portal vein, and splenic artery was positively correlated with spleen volume ( r = 0.680, 0.548, and 0.726). (4) PVP and TLP of the whole liver in hypersplenism group were lower than control group ( P < 0.05), and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). HPI in the right posterior lobe of the liver in the moderate and severe hypersplenism group was higher than mild hypersplenism group ( F = 3.555, 4.570, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the HAP in the whole liver among the groups ( P > 0.05), but the HAP in the whole liver in the severe hypersplenism group was lower than control, mild and moderate hypersplenism group. Conclusion:The inner diameter of the splenic arteriovenous in patients with hypersplenism of different degrees has widened to varying degrees, and is consistent with the increase in spleen volume, particularly in moderate and severe cases. Portal venous perfusion and total liver perfusion in patients with hypersplenism of different degrees have declined and the hepatic arterial perfusion in patients with severe hypersplenism is significantly reduced.

Objective:To investigate the blood flow change status in early stage tumor-related areas of hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance after radiofrequency ablation using multi-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion imaging technology.Methods:21 cases of primary liver cancer that underwent CT-guided radiofrequency ablation were included. CT perfusion scans were divided into four groups according to the time points of CT scans (before surgery, immediately after surgery and 1 and 3 month after surgery), and then blood perfusion parameters of the corresponding areas of the tumor were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using two independent samples of non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The differences of blood perfusion parameters between tumor or ablation lesion and background liver parenchyma, paratumor tissue or inflammatory response zone were compared before, immediately and 1 and 3 months after surgery, respectively.Results:(1) The hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP) and hepatic arterial perfusion index (HPI) of cancerous liver tumors and background liver parenchyma was significantly increased ( P < 0.01). The total liver perfusion (TLP) was higher than the background liver parenchyma ( P = 0.01 < 0.05). The time to peak (TTP) was significantly lower than background liver parenchyma ( P < 0.01); (2) The perfusion parameters of HAP, PVP and TLP were lower than the background liver parenchyma in the complete ablation lesions immediately after radiofrequency ablation and 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); (3) The inflammatory response zone of ablation lesions of HAP, HPI, and TLP were gradually decreased with the extended postoperative time and TTP was gradually increased, while PVP did not change significantly; (4) HAP, HPI, and TTP were compared between the tumor and the tumor inflammatory response zone immediately after surgery, and 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference between PVP and TLP ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:CT whole-liver perfusion imaging can precisely evaluate the early stage blood flow change status in peritumor and tumors before and after radiofrequency ablation and then objectively evaluate tumor’s blood supply and therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective:To detect precancerous lesions of gastric cancer and biopsy tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and mutant p53 gene(mtp53)expression,to explore the development of clinical significance of VEGF and mutant p53 gene in gastric cancer.Methods:19 cases by endoscopic biopsies of normal gastric tissues,22 cases of intestinal metaplasia,47 cases of gastro-intestinal mucosal dysplasia, 54 cases of gastric cancer samples by immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression levels of VEGF and mtp53′s.Results: The expression levels of VEGF, mtp53 in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gradually increased gastric cancer was the law.mtp53 of VEGF expression in gastric carcinoma and compared with normal gastric tissue,intestinal metaplasia was significantly higher(P<0.05),but with atypical hyperplasia was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: The abnormal expression of VEGF and mutant p53 may be related to the degree of deterioration of the stomach tissue lesions related.

Objective:To explore the value of clinical data and MRI image features in predicting and analyzing the degree of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 180 patients with surgical outcomes of HCC from March 2015 to June 2019 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)、aspartate aminotransferase (AST)、D-dimer、clinical stage、tumor length、apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)、enhancement types and so on the clinical and imaging data of the poorly differentiated and non-differentiated HCC were compared and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict independent risk factors for poorly differentiated HCC.Results:Of the 180 HCC patients, 121 were moderately and highly differentiated, and 59 were poorly differentiated. Univariate analysis showed that the patient’s age, gender, AFP, AST, D-dimer level, clinical stage, Child-Pugh score, tumor length, whether the capsule was complete, tumor apparent diffusion coefficient, the maximum level ADC value, enhancement type with HCC differentiation degree were correlated(all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients' gender ( OR=4.524, P<0.05), clinical stage ( OR=5.598, P<0.05), D-dimer ( OR=8.576, P<0.05), HCC diameter ( OR=0.498, P<0.05), enhancement types ( OR=2.988, P<0.05), tumour ADC value ( OR=0.059, P<0.05) were independent of poorly differentiated HCC risk factor. Conclusion:MRI image features can be used as an effective indicator to predict the degree of HCC differentiation before surgery. It is more valuable to accurately predict the degree of HCC combined with D-dimer and AFP value.