Objective To analyze the roentgenographic findings of the osteopetrosis. Methods Nine patients with clinically suspected osteopetrosis underwent the X-ray examinations of the chest,skull,pelvis,vertebral column,femur,tibiofibula,bones of upper limb and bilateral handbone. The roentgenographs of all patients were analyzed together with review of the literature. Results The basic image feature of osteopetrosis is bone density increased notably,cortible bone thickening,cavum ossis narrowing or occluded and mark X-ray signs include sandwich change in back bone,concentric rings change in pelvis,bone within a bone change,bright-dark alternation transverse striation in metaphysis of tubiform bone,baseball club appearance due to modelling deformity of long bones and periosteal new bone formation. Conclusion Osteopetrosis is a rare inherited disorder. Its mark roentgonographic findings are important evidence for performing the definite diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of different doses of warm needling in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Method Sixty-seven KOA patients were randomized into group A of 16 cases, group B of 17 cases, group C of 18 cases, and group D of 16 cases. Group A, B, and C were intervened by warm needling, 1 moxa cone for group A, 2 cones for group B, and 3 cones for group C. Group D was intervened by intra-articular injection with Sodium hyaluronate. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (LKSS) were evaluated before and after intervention.Result The VAS and LKSS scores were significantly changed in the four groups after intervention (P<0.01). After intervention, the VAS and LKSS scores in group B and C were significantly different from that in group A (P<0.05,P<0.01). After intervention, the VAS and LKSS scores in group B and C were significantly different from that in group D (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Warm needling is an effective method in treating KOA, and warm needling with 2 moxa cones can produce the best effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxyl safflor yellow A on mediating blood lipid and to explore its primary mechanism.Methods Fifty KM mice were divided into five groups randomly:control group(A),hyperlipidemia model group(B),high-dose group(C),mid-dose group (D) and low-dose group(E).C,D and E group were injected by hydroxy safflor yellow A with 10,40 and 70 mg.kg-1 day-1respectively,while A and B group were both injected by saline with 0.4 ml day-1,the administrations were kept on three days.The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed,simultaneously the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assayed after 18 hours.Results Compared with the control group,the serum TC (4.09+0.2) mmol/L,TG (0.96±0.15) mmol/L,LDL-C (5.87±0.17) mmol/L,HDL-C (0.83±0.21) mmol/L,MDA (8.26+1.05) nmol/ml,and the activities of SOD (330.18 ± 11.45 ) U/ml,GSH-Px (1023.54±25.34) U/ml of model group injected high doses of hydroxysafflor yellow A were statistically significant.Conclusion Hydroxy safflor yellow A had the function of mediating blood lipid.Anti-oxidation could be the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the significance of miR-193b to biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods 48 cases of HCC specimens and corresponding adjacent tissues were collected, and the miR-193b expression levels in these specimens were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The miR-193b expression was measured by the same way in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. The HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were transfected with miR-193b mimics or negative control miRNA mimic with Lipofectamine 2000, and the non-transfected cells were taken as blank control. The proliferation ability of the HCC cells were detected by MTT method, and the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry. Results The expression level of miR-193b in HCC tissues (2.441 ±0.569) was significantly lower than that in the corresponding adjacent tissues (15.488±4.326) (P < 0.05). Compared with normal liver cell line L-O2, the expression levels of miR-193b were significantly lower in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Transfected with miR-193b mimic, the proliferation ability of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells were reduced, while their apoptosis were increased. Conclusion miR-193b may be negative to regulate the proliferation of HCC and increase its apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 6 androgens in the serum of Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Methods 32 SS patients (SS group) and 25 healthy people (healthy group) were included in this study.6 androgens in the serum were analyzed by LC-MS after prepared.PCA,PLS-DA models and t-test were used to class differentiation of androgens between two groups.Results The results of PLS-DA showed that SS group and healthy group could be well classed by 6 androgens.The levels of testerone (T),dihydrotestosterone (DHT),dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),androsterone and DHEAS in SS group were significantly lower than those in healthy group (t=8.536,2.438,3.172,4.158,4.489,all P<0.05).The samples before or after menopause could be distinguished between the two groups by PLS-DA.Conclusion The significant difference of androgens was discovered between SS patients and healthy people via the measurement of 6 androgens in serum.It may arise a new idea for diagnosis and treatment of SS.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of obesity and its influencing factors among residents aged 40 years and over in Taizhou,so as to provide reference for obesity prevention and control. Methods: From June 2014 to May 2015,people who were aged 40 years or above and received routine physical examination in six centers for disease control and prevention in Taizhou were recruited. Demographic characteristics and health relates behaviors were collected by a questionnaire survey;height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference were collected by physical examination. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for overall obesity and central obesity. Results : Totally 1 216 people were investigated,and 1 192 (98.03%) questionnaires were valid. The age of them ranged from 40 to 86 years old,with （51.92±8.91） years old on average. There were 547 males （45.89%） and 645 females （54.11%）. The prevalence rates of overall obesity and central obesity were 6.54% and 60.32%,respectively. The Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that regular physical exercise （OR=0.597, 95%CI： 0.359-0.992） was a protective factor for overall obesity;female （OR=2.352,95%CI： 1.685-3.283）was a risk factor of central obesity;public servants or staff from enterprise and institution（OR=0.508, 95%CI： 0.289-0.892）,drinking （OR=0.637,95%CI：0.471-0.860）,salt intake of less than five grams per day （OR=0.590,95%CI：0.434-0.802）and regular physical exercise （OR=0.760,95%CI：0.583-0.991） were protective factors for central obesity. Conclusion The prevalence rates of overall obesity and central obesity among residents aged 40 years or above in Taizhou were 6.54% and 60.32%, respectively. Gender,occupation,drinking,salt intake and physical exercise were the influencing factors for obesity.

Objective To understand the prevalence of group sex in men who have sex with men (MSM) and related factors in Taizhou,Zhejiang province.Methods From March 2013 to September 2015,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM recruited from gay bars or bath houses in Taizhou by using questionnaire to collect the information about their sexual behavior and HIV test.Results A total of 1 435 MSM were recruited,179 of them (12.5％) were HIV infected,231 (16.1％) reported group sex during the past year.Compared with MSM without group sex,more MSM with group sex had more than ten male sexual partners (53.7％ vs.19.0％,x2=125.527,P＜ 0.01),had both male and female sexual partners (86.6％ vs.68.2％,x2=31.935,P＜0.01),used no condom at sex with female partners during the past year (28.1％ vs.19.8％,x2=6.540,P＜0.05).After adjusted for educational level and occupation,group sex was associated with age [≥ 50 years old vs.≤ 24 years old,adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.25,P=0.027],marriage with female (divorced or widowed vs.unmarried,aOR=0.29,P=0.001),census registering (local resident vs.non-local resident,aOR=1.56,P=0.023),number of male seuxal partners (≥21 vs.2-5,aOR=8.06,P＜0.001;11-20 vs.2-5,aOR=3.25,P＜0.001) and number of female seuxal partners (≥6 vs.0,aOR=2.63,P=0.005;2-5 vs.0,aOR=2.58,P=0.001;1 vs.0,aOR=2.01,P=0.010).Conclusion The prcvalcncc of group sex in MSM was high in Taizhou,and their poor condom use and complex sex behaviors would result in higher HIV infection rate and risk of transmission.

Objective:To analyze the predictive ability of HIV infection risk assessment tool for men who have sex with men (MSM). Sentinel surveillance data of MSM in Taizhou prefecture of Zhejiang province was used.Methods:MSM involved in AIDS sentinel surveillance program in Taizhou from 2013 to 2017 were included in the study and items listed in the HIV infection risk assessment tool for MSM was revised. Related data on questions and options involved in sentinel surveillance was collected and individual risk scores were calculated. We determined the predictive ability of this tool by comprehensive analyzing the HIV infection status and individual risk scores.Results:A total of 1 944 MSM were included in the study, with an average age of (35.04±13.28)years old. Most of them were recruited from the venues (55.7%) and 48.2% were never married. Among these MSM, HIV infection rate was 12.6%(245/1 944) with the median of risk score as 23.99, versus 20.36 from the HIV negative ones. Significant differences appeared on the risk scores between the target populations that with different HIV status (Mann-Whitney test, P=0.007). According to the principle of decision tree, MSM were divided into two groups according to risk scores: ≤18.66 and >18.66. It appeared that the risk scores were in parallel with the rates of HIV infection ( χ2=13.102, P<0.001). Results from the multivariate analysis showed that MSM with higher risk score were more likely to be infected with HIV (>18.66 vs. ≤18.66: a OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.27-2.32, P<0.001). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for HIV infection was 0.553 (95% CI: 0.516-0.590, P=0.007). At the point of risk score 19.01, Youden’s index appeared the maximum, with sensitivity as 0.69 and specificity as 0.43, of this tool. Conclusions:The HIV infection risk assessment tool for MSM developed based on Delphi method can predict the risk of HIV infection in MSM to some extent. MSM with higher risk score seemed likely to be infected with HIV. Items of this tool need to be adjusted for the verification of the tool through cohort studies in the near future.

Objective:To study the prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia among newly reported antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou during 2017-2018.Methods:CMV DNA was measured in plasma specimens of newly reported ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients by quantitative PCR. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate CMV viremia correlations among the individuals.Results:Of 612 HIV/AIDS patients, 480 (78.4%) were male, 125 (20.4%) were over 60 years old, 177 (28.9%) were infected via homosexual transmission, and 430 (70.3%) via heterosexual transmission. The prevalence of CMV viremia among HIV/AIDS patients was 13.4% (82/612). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of CMV viremia in CD 4+ lymphocyte cells counts (CD 4+) ≤200 cells/μl group was higher than CD 4 counts >500 cells/μl ( OR=5.10, 95% CI:1.74-14.96, P=0.003); The median CMV DNA level (log 10) of 82 viremic patients was 1.57 ( P 25, P 75:1.04,2.13); Viremic patients with CD 4 counts ≤200 cells/μl had the highest CMV viral load ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Among ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients, the prevalence of CMV viremia was significantly associated with immunodeficiency status. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between CMV viremia and the course of HIV infection.

Objective:To explore the HIV-1 drug resistance and subtypes in newly reported HIV/AIDS patients before antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Taizhou city.Methods:A cross-sectional study of HIV-1 drug resistance was conducted among newly reported HIV/AIDS patients before ART in Taizhou from January 2016 to December 2018. HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained by RT-PCR. The sequences were submitted to the Stanford University drug resistance database. The drug resistance mutation and the sensitivity of HIV-1 strains to antiretroviral drugs were determined according to WHO Guidelines on HIV drug resistance surveillance of 2014. Results:A total of 806 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained successfully. The overall HIV-1 drug resistance rate was 2.9% (23/806), 1.9% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 0.6% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 0.0% for protease inhibitors (PIs), respectively. From 2016 to 2018, the HIV-1 drug resistance rate was 1.6%, 1.8%, and 4.8%, respectively. The resistance mutations of NNRTIs and NRTIs were mainly K103 N (0.7%) and M184I/V (0.5%). HIV-1 subtypes were mostly CRF01_AE (42.7%,344/806),CRF07_BC (28.9%,233/806) and CRF08_BC (11.2%,90/806).HIV-1 subtypes among homosexually transmitted infections were mostly CRF01_AE (53.3%, 136/255) and CRF07_BC (32.2%, 82/255), and HIV-1 subtypes among heterosexually transmitted infections were mainly CRF01_AE (37.7%, 203/539), CRF07_BC (27.5%, 148/539) and CRF08_BC (16.1%, 87/539). Conclusion:HIV-1 drug resistance rate among newly reported HIV/AIDS patients before ART remained low in Taizhou during 2016 to 2018, an increasing trend seemed to be notifiable and warrants continuous surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance.