OBJECTIVETo evaluate the operation time and clinical effect of three types of materials (i.e., total-etching adhesive, self-etching adhesive, resin-modified glass ionomer cement) that are used to bond removable thermoplastic appliances.

METHODSThirty malocclusion patients (156 attachments) with removable thermoplastic appliances were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 individuals each. Attachments of groups A and B were bonded using 3M Adper Single Bond 2 and 3M Adper Easy One, respectively; both adhesives utilized 3M Z350 nano composite resin. Attachments of group C was directly bonded using GC Fuji Ortho LC. The operation time of each attachment was recorded. Failure rates of adhesion were evaluated during adhesion, 1 month after treatment, and 6 months after treatment.

RESULTSThe operation time of group C was shorter than those of groups A and B (P<0.01). Significant difference of adhesion failure rates was not found among the three groups (P>0.05). No significant difference of adhesion failure rates was also observed in different times of the same group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe attachment stability of the three types of materials achieved satisfactory effects. However, the operation method of resin-modified glass ionomer cement is more concise and suitable for clinical promotion.

Acrylic Resins ; Adhesives ; Aluminum Silicates ; Composite Resins ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Resin Cements

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D.longan seeds by silica gel column chromatography.Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results One compound was isolated and identified as 2-methyl-1,10-undecanediol,named longandiol(1).Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on the cognitive level of the children with mental retardation (MR) treated with JIN's three scalp needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance so as to seek the more effective therapeutic method for the treatment of MR in children. Methods Sixty-six MR children were randomized into a head-point needle-retaining therapy + training group (group A) and a training after acupuncture group (group B). Seven cases and 12 cases were dropped in the two groups respectively. Twenty-six cases accomplished the treatment in the group A and 21 cases in the group B. In the group A, the points on the head were stimulated and the needles were retained (30 min after the general acupuncture, the needles on the body points were removed; and those on the head points were retained for 1 h, including Sishenzhen, Naosanzhen, Zhisanzhen and Niesanzhen). Simultaneously, the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was combined. In the group B, 1 h after needle retaining at the body points and head points, all the needles were removed; the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was followed. The treatment was given once a day, and the treatment for 3 months was required. Before and after treatment, the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) was used for evaluation and observation of verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) , performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and full-scale intelligence quotient (TFIQ) and score changes of 11 items such as information, picture vocabu; lary, arithmetic, picture generalization, comprehension, etc.

RESULTSAfter treatment, FIQ, VIQ and PIQ scores were different significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). In the group A, the results of picture vocabulary, animal egg laying, maze, block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly (all P<0. 05). In the group B, the results of information, comprehension, block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly (all P<0. 05). After treatment, concerning the value difference in FIQ and PIQ of the two groups; the changes in the group A were more significant (both P<0. 01). After treatment, the results of picture vocabulary and maze were improved significantly in the group A as compared with the group B (both P<. 01). The IQ categories changed apparently after treatment in the two groups, toward the higher level in tendency generally, but without significant difference (both P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe simultaneous treatment with head point retaining of JIN's three needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance obviously improves children patients' verbal comprehension, expression ability, hand-eye coordination ability, attention, logical reasoning ability and visual perception. The efficacy is better than that in the treatment of the training after acupuncture.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; psychology ; therapy ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Perception ; Scalp ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To establish the rat model of Spleen-Qi deficiency, analyse the metabolic pathways and investigate the connection between the changed urinary metabolites and Spleen-Qi deficiency, in order to explore the potential mechanisms of Spleen-Qi deficiency.Methods With the binding methods of diarrhea induced by bitter and cold, abnormal of starvation and excessive tiredness, the rat Spleen-Qi deficiency model was established.Then the activity of creatine phosphokinase(CPK) was detected.The endogenous metabolites in the urine were detected by NMR, and the data were analyzed with multivariate and statistical methods.Then the metabolites were selected that could be clearly distinct in the two groups with the fold change value(>1.2) and the P<0.05 of Student′s t-test.Both the pathway analysis and enrichment analysis were performed with Metabo Analyst 3.0.Results Compared with the normal rats, the activity of CPK decreased significantly in model rats(P<0.05).A significant separation appeared in the principal components analysis(PCA) score plot when the control group and the model group were compared, indicating that the Spleen-Qi deficiency model was successfully duplicated.The 33 differential metabolites, which mainly involved in the metabolic pathways, were distinguished from the comparision of Spleen-Qi deficiency model group and control group.The metabolic pathways was related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and disturbance of gut microbes.Conclusions The main energy metabolic pathways (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis and liquid oxidation) may be disturbed in Spleen-Qi deficiency rats.The energy supply function is suppressed, which leads to the fatigue and weight loss in rats.

Objective To observe the maxillary alveolar cortical bone and cancellous bone mineral density of patients with different degree of dental fluorosis.Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of dental fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011),from March 2015 to March 2017,30 orthodontic dental fluorosis patients were selected in Guiyang Stomatological Hospital.According to the degree of tooth damage,patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe fluorosis groups,10 cases per group;10 normal orthodontic patients were selected as control group.A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken preoperatively to measure the CT values (the attenuation value after absorption of X-rays through the tissue,HU) of buccal alveolar cortical bone and cancellous bone density in incisor,canine,premolar,and molar areas.Results The buccal alveolar cortical bone densities of incisor [(1 155.6 ± 80.7),(1 048.8 ± 106.7),(885.1 ± 118.1),(589.7 ± 104.6) HU],canine [(1 221.0 ± 76.l),(1 054.6 ± 95.3),(913.3 ± 109.4),(608.5 ± 131.4) HU],premolar [(1 173.5 ± 91.2),(1 020.9 ± 113.3),(894.5 ± 107.9),(593.5 ± 119.7) HU],and molar [(1 113.6 ± 89.5),(1 017.2 ± 101.3),(877.2 ± 102.9),(609.1 ± 113.5) HU] areas in control,mild,moderate and severe fluorosis groups,were significantly different statistically (F =45.557,51.411,61.200,56.845,P ＜ 0.01),CT values of dental fluorosis group were significant lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).The cancellous bone mineral density of the incisor [(633.4 ± 67.7),(556.8 ± 80.1),(473.1 ± 71.7),(358.8 ± 98.7) HU],canine [(644.9 ± 70.1),(570.6 ± 73.3),(490.0 ± 85.2),(361.1 ± 93.8) HU],premolar [(630.5 ± 72.5),(554.5 ± 70.7),(477.7 ± 84.0),(353.6 ± 101.4) HU],and molar [(637.6 ± 79.8),(558.5 ± 84.3),(471.7 ± 72.8),(367.7 ± 88.7) HU] areas in control,mild,moderate and severe fluorosis groups,were significantly different statistically (F =20.183,20.245,22.751,21.268,P ＜ 0.01),CT values of dental fluorosis group were significant lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The bone density of maxillary alveolar cortical bone and cancellous bone is reduced in dental fluorosis patients.