OBJECTIVE:To establish a microbial limit test method for Akafen powder and validate the methodology.METHODS:The three methods for microbial limit test in appendices volume Ⅱ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 Edition)were adopted to study Akafen powder.The optimal test method was obtained by comparing the recovery rates of test organisms.RESULTS:According to the results,the recoveries of five test bacteria of Akafen powder by plating method were less than 70% versus above 85% by membrane-filter procedure.The the test organisms were successfully detected in the control bacteria test by media dilution method.CONCLUSION:Membrane-filter procedure is advisable for the test of bacteria,mould and yeast fungus,while media dilution method is advisable for the control bacteria test.

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of natural benzoic acid in Mesona chinensis Benth. with different production places and storage time. Methods:HPLC was adopted, the column was an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column, the mobile phase was methanol-0. 02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate (5∶95) at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the col-umn temperature was 35℃, the detection wavelength was 230 nm, and the injection vocume was 10μl. Results:Benzoic acid showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0. 1-10. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9). The average recovery was 99. 59%(RSD=1. 57%, n=9). Natural benzoic acid in powered Mesona chinensis Benth. was different because of various production places. The maximum content of natural benzoic acid in Mesona chinensis Benth. was 141. 8 mg·kg-1, while the minimum content was 73. 8 mg·kg-1. The content of natural benzoic acid in Mesona chinensis Benth. stored for two years was declined obviously. Conclusion: The method with simple operation is accurate and reproducible. It can provide a basis for the further study of Mesona chinensis Benth. resources, and provide a reference for the content determination of natural benzoic acid in other plants.

Objective To investigate the potential of the Clock Drawing Test (CTD) in differentiating the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Cognitive impaired patients admitted to the outpatient and inpatient of neurological department of our hospital from October 2011 to October 2013 were reviewed. There were 65 cases with MCI and 63 cases with AD. The scores of CDT were compared between them, and the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. Results The MCI group and AD group matched in age, gender and education. The scores of Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and CDT were significantly defferent between the two groups. The sensitivity of 3-point CDT was 54.0% and the specificity was 80.9% in differentiating MCI and AD. Conclusion CDT is helpful to differentiate MCI from AD only in a set of assessment.

Objective To observe the results of free medialis pedis mini-flap pedicled on medial branch of deep branch of the medial plantar artery to repair a soft tissue defect of finger. Methods The mini-flap designed on the medial side of the foot pedicled on the medial branch of deep branch of medial plantar artery was used to repair the soft tissue defect of finger or the degloved injury of the finger combined with second toe flap, furthermore, the vascular pedicle of flap was anastomosed with the digital artery and dorsal vein respectively. 13 fingers of 11 cases, which included 10 fingers of 8 cases of male and 3 fingers of 3 cases of female with an average of 32 years ranging from 18 to 58 years, were performed 13 free medialis pedis mini-flaps transplantation. Eight free medialis pedis mini-flaps were used to repair the soft tissue defect of the finger, and 5 free medialis pedis mini-flaps combined with the second toe composite flap were used to reconstruct the degloved finger. Results All the patients were followed up on an average of 21 months ranging from 3 months to 5.5 years. The maximal area of flaps was 5 cm?4 cm, and the minimal was 2.5 cm?3 cm. 12 of the 13 free medialis pedis mini-flaps were survived completely, however, 1 healed but partly necrosis. The color, character and thickness of this flap after transplantation were similar to the skin of the finger; and the appearance of the reconstructed finger by mini-medialis pedis flap and second toe composite flap was perfect. The transplanted skin of donated areas survived well, and the appearance and functions of donated feet were not affected significantly. Conclusion The free medialis pedis flap pedicled on medial branch of the deep branch of the medial plantar artery was one of the optimal flaps to repair soft tissue defect of the finger especially on the palmer side.

Objective To observe the outcome of healthy C7 nerve root transfer through the anterior spinal approach to repair the brachial plexus avulsion. Methods The healthy C7 nerve root was sectioned at the junction site of trunk and division, the proximal side was dissected to the foramina and transfered behind the posterior aspect of anterior scalenus to the space between the esophagus and cervical vertebrae, then the 4-6 bands of cutaneous nerves were used for bridging the defect between the healthy C7 and recipient nerve to repair the upper trunk or dorsal division of the upper trunk of the injured brachial plexus. From March 2002 to August 2003, 21 patients with brachial plexus avulsion were repaired using this procedure, among which 14 patients (12 males, 2 females) were followed up for more than 12 months. The average age was 31 years with a range of 17 to 41 years. The interval from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 6 months with a mean of 4 months. 14 patients included 5 cases with total brachial plexus avulsion, 8 cases with upper and middle trunk avulsion associated with partial injury of the lower trunk and 1 case with cutting injury of upper and middle trunk. Results The average follow-up duration was 16 months ranging from 12 to 19 months. 9 of the 10 cases who underwent the healthy C7 transfer through the anterior spinal approach to repair the upper trunk, the C5 and C6 nerve roots or the anterior and posterior division of upper trunk achieved at least the MRC grade 3 motor recovery of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion and 1 case failed. 3 cases underwent the healthy C7 transfer to repair the dorsal division of the upper trunk achieved at least the MRC grade 3 motor recovery of shoulder abduction. 1 case who underwent the healthy C7 transfer to repair the C6 nerve root didnt get recovery. Conclusion The result of healthy C7 transfer througth the anterior spinal approach to repair the upper trunk of brachial plexus for restoration of the shoulder abduction and elbow flexion or the function of shoulder abduction in repairing the dorsal division of upper trunk is satisfactory.

WRKY proteins, a big family of transcription factors, are involved in regulation diverse developmental and physiological processes in plants. Here, a novel WRKY gene, OsWRKY52, was isolated from a rice cDNA library. This gene included an open reading frame of 1 719 bp in length, and the deduced polypeptide contained 572 amino acids,sharing 54% identity with a WRKY1 protein from Avena sativa. Expression of OsWRKY52 gene was induced rapidly by Magnaporthe grisea in the incompatible interaction with rice plant. OsWRKY52 protein, expressed prokaryotically bound specifically to W box cis elements derived from the promoter of a rice PR1a. Transcriptional activation assay was performed by a yeast one- hybrid method. Regions of transactivation were identified to be the N-terminal serine- and threonine-rich islands and the C-terminal acidic domain of OsWRKY52. These results suggest that OsWRKY52, as a transcription activator, may be involved in defense responses against Magnaporthe grisea in rice plants.

Objective At present , there is only a small amount of survey scale of caregivers′cognitive level on continuous nursing care for premature infants , which had not been subject to stringent testing of reliability and validity .This paper aims at developing a suitable survey scale of caregivers′cognitive level oncontinuous nursing care for 0-1 year premature infants , and testing its reliability and validity. Methods Convenience sampling method was used and totally 495 caregivers of premature infants of Army General Hospi-tal affiliated BaYi Children hospital from April to August 2016 has been investigated .After we had preliminary content of the question-naire, two-round Delphi consultations were used to identify the draft of the scale , and the reliability and validity were tested . Results Totally 419 valid questionnaires from 495.Questionnaires effective recovery was 84.65%.Critical ratio for each entry was 9.355-23.179 ( P<0.05) , which suggested that entries had good distinction .Coeffi-cient of correlation between scale items and total score was 0.500-0.775(P<0.05), whichindicated highly homogeneity between entries and table.By exploratory factor analysis , 5 entries were removed and 77 entries remained .The final scale of caregivers′cognitive level on continuous nursing care for premature infants included 4 indicators in level one , 15 indicators in level two and 77 indicators in level three .The Cronbach′s alpha was 0.985 for overall questionnaire and 0.848-0.939 for each dimension .The split-half reliability was 0.895 for overall questionnaire and 0.814-0.939 for each dimension .The content validity index was 0.963.The cumulative contribution rate of each dimension was 64.645%-83.236%. Conclusion The scale content was scientific and comprehensive .It can be used to investigate the caregivers′cognitive level on continuous nursing care for 0-1 year pre-mature infants, direct nurses to provide continuous care for premature infants , and evaluate the continuous nursing effect .

Objective To explore the adaptive modulation of brain in structure and function when moving to high altitude areas based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM),amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF)and regional homogeneity (ReHo) method.Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)of brain was respectively performed in 1 9 normal adults who moved to high altitude areas within a week,and they have matched age and education level.The subj ects were performed the same scanning after one year.The VBM,ALFF and ReHo methods were adopted to analyze the functional MRI data.Results There were no significant differences in brain structure between the two groups.There were significant differences in brain function in resting state.Subj ects staying in high altitude areas for one year had increased ALFF in left middle frontal gyrus,decreased ALFF in right lingual gyrus(P<0.01),increased ReHo in the left orbital frontal gyrus,and decreased ReHo in right cuneus and right superior parietal gyrus(P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant changes in brain function of normal adult after stayed in high altitude for one year,which might be associated with long-term chronic hypoxia.

Objective To design the family support scale for adolescent patients with nephritic syndrome. Methods 192 adolescent patients with nephritic syndrome were selected in the pilot investigation, and then formed the first questionnaire. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by the experts. Results The questionnaire involved 15 items and its reliability and the validity were satisfied. There was a positive correlation between the family support and the self-nursing degree. Conclusion The reliability and the validity of this questionnaire are both up to the demands, it can used to study the condition of family support for adolescent patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Objective To compare sleep electroencephalogram-modulated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SEM-rTMS) with routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (R-rTMS) in the treatment of primary insomnia. Methods One hundred and twenty six patients with insomnia were divided randomly into a SEM-rTMS group (44 cases) , a R-rTMS group (42 cases) and a sham rTMS group (40 cases). Each case was treated with rTMS for 30 min once a day for 10 d under double blinding of the patient and therapist. The clinical effect was observed along with Krakow sleep scores, electroencephalograms and blood pressure before and after a 10-day course of therapy and 30 days later. Results During rTMS treatment, some patients reported feeling sleepy, and this was confirmed by their EEGs at the time. After the entire course of therapy, 80% of the SEM-rTMS group and 45% of the R-rTMS group showed improvements, a significant difference. At the 30th day after therapy, the effect in the SEM-rTMS group was still significantly better than in the R-rTMS group. There were no obvious side effects in any group throughout the whole observation period. Conclusions SEM-rTMS is more effective and more reliable than R-rTMS. SEM-rTMS is safe to use with primary insomnia patients.