Objective To explore the application value of the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in detection of peripheral zone of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).Methods Twenty patients with HAE underwent abdominal plain scan,DWI and dynamic enhanced MRI.The ADC values and enhanced ratio of the central necrosis,solid component,peripheral zone and normal liver parenchyma were measured at a workstation,and further were analyzed and compared.Results 32 lesions were detected in 20 patients with HAE.Two groups were divided according to the lesion with central necrosis (group A)or not (group B).In group A, the ADC values of the solid part and normal liver parenchyma were (1.52±0.30)×10 -3 mm2/s and (1.22±0.30)×10 -3 mm2/s. Meanwhile,in group B those were (1.50±0.25)×10-3 mm2/s and (1.03±0.28)×10-3 mm2/s,exhibiting no statistical differences between the two groups.In group A and B,the ADC values of the peripheral zone of lesion were 1.34(1.10,1.61)×10 -3 mm2/s and 0.96 (0.86,1.22)×10 -3 mm2/s,exhibiting statistical differences (Z =2.867,P =0.004);meanwhile,the enhanced ratio were 1.70± 0.36 and 1.58±0.30,exhibiting no statistical difference.No correlation between ADC values and enhanced ratio was found in the peripheral zone.Conclusion DWI at 3.0T can display visually the HAE,and the ADC value may reflect the DWI features of periph-eral zone.The ADC values in combination with enhanced ratio may help for the diagnosis.

Objective To discuss the CT features and pathologic basis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods Total 19 cases were confirmed by ELISA and IHA of antibody of echinococcosis. A part of them were confirmed by pathalogy. Results The main features of the disease were irregular,obscure contour and heterogeneous density with mainly hypodense in the liver. Almost of all accompanied with calcification. The calcification was showed some certainly signification. No contrast enhancement was observed within the lesions after administration of intravenous contrast medium. There were three type of this disease based on CT features including map type, halo type and pseudocystic type. Conclusion CT scanning has value of not only for diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis but also useful to display each complications and metastasis.

Objective To explore the adaptive modulation of brain in structure and function when moving to high altitude areas based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM),amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF)and regional homogeneity (ReHo) method.Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)of brain was respectively performed in 1 9 normal adults who moved to high altitude areas within a week,and they have matched age and education level.The subj ects were performed the same scanning after one year.The VBM,ALFF and ReHo methods were adopted to analyze the functional MRI data.Results There were no significant differences in brain structure between the two groups.There were significant differences in brain function in resting state.Subj ects staying in high altitude areas for one year had increased ALFF in left middle frontal gyrus,decreased ALFF in right lingual gyrus(P<0.01),increased ReHo in the left orbital frontal gyrus,and decreased ReHo in right cuneus and right superior parietal gyrus(P<0.05).Conclusion There are significant changes in brain function of normal adult after stayed in high altitude for one year,which might be associated with long-term chronic hypoxia.

Objective To investigate the X-ray and clinic manifestations of hereditary multiple osteochondroma(HMO).Methods Five patients with HMO clinically and pathologically confirmed and 63 persons in their pedigree were studied.Results Of 63 cases inquired in this study,there were 21 patients with hereditary multiple exostosis,including 16 men and 5 women.In 5 cases confirmed pathologically,4 patients had hereditary history of pedigree and the members of three generation in 1 patient with HMO had no the history of pedigree.Conclusion HMO has the remarkable sex difference and the typical inherited trend including the location of exostosis.HMO has inherited character of skipping generation.

Objective To explore the diagnostic and classified value of tuberculosis of brain with CT imaging.Methods CT scans were performed in 37 cases with tuberculosis of brain confirmed by clinic and laboratory examination of CSF.Results CT images were abnormal in 26 cases.6 cases were the type of brain substance,6 cases were meningeal type and 14 cases were mixed type.Conclusion CT examination can offer correct evidences of location and qualitalive diagnosis of tuberculosis of brain .

Objective To investigate the protective effct of Panax quinquefolium saponins from steams and leaves(PQS)on focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats and its mechanisms. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model control group,nimodipine group and two PQS groups,in which PQS of 100 and 50 mg/kg was intragastrically administered. Focal cerebral ischemia model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)in rats, via string ligation of artetia carotis interna. The content of malondicldehy de(MDA) was determined by thibabituric acid ( TBA ) test, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the content of lactic acid(LA) were detected by chemical colorimetry test in cerebral tissues. Results PQS( 100,50mg/kg)could significantly decrease the content of LA、MDA and increase the activity of LDH、SOD. Conclusion The protective mechanism of PQS on focal cerebral ischemia injury may be related to reduce acidosis, anti-free radical and resist oxidative damage.

Purpose Changes of hepatic perfusion and volume of normal adults living at different altitudes are investigated with hepatic perfusion imaging using multi-slice spiral CT to explore the perfusion status of normal human liver in hypoxia condition, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Materials and Methods Sixty volunteers were divided into three groups according to altitude:22 cases in group A with altitude from 2260 to 3100 meters, 20 cases in group B with altitude from 3260 to 4100 meters, and 18 cases in group C with altitude from 4260 to 5260 meters, time-density curves within the ROI was drawn with hepatic hilar region as the center, and hepatic artery perfusion (HAP), portal vein perfusion (PVP), total hepatic perfusion (TLP), hepatic arterial perfusion index (HPI) were calculated using deconvolution method;and point circle method was used to measure the volume of liver manually. Results HAP of group A, B, C were (10.50±3.62) ml/(100 ml · min), (15.03±4.27) ml/(100 ml · min) and (18.39±7.20) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, and there was significant difference between group A and group C (P<0.05);PVP of three groups were (138.78±14.29) ml/(100 ml · min), (80.42±16.80) ml/(100 ml · min), and (63.78±7.79) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, signiifcant differences (P<0.05) can be detected for the comparison between each two of them; TLP of the three groups were (149.30±15.55) ml/(100 ml · min), (95.57±18.75) ml/(100 ml · min) and (82.19±10.56) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05) can also be found for the comparison between each two of them. HPI of the three groups were 7.00±2.17, 16.27±4.22 and 22.05±7.90 respectively, statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05) were observed for the comparison between each two of them;liver volume of the three groups were (1173.5±155.2) cm3, (1282.9±362.2) cm3 and (1525.4±352.2) cm3, difference between group A and group C was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion Liver perfusion can be affected by altitude, with the altitude increasing, HAP and HPI will also raise gradually, while PVP and TLP will decrease accordingly, indicating that hypoxia environment due to high altitude will do certain damage on the liver. MSCT perfusion imaging is able to relfect the hemodynamic changes of liver, thus is useful in clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

Objective To study CT and MRI findings of the eclamptic encephalopathy in plateau.Methods CT and MRI findings in 28 patients in plateau with eclamptic encephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed.Results CT and MRI appearances of eclamptism were as follow:normal in brain in 3 cases;cerebral edema in 18 cases,including slight encephaledema in 2 cases,focal encephaledema in 11 cases and diffuse encephaledema in 5 cases;cerebral hemorrhage in 6 cases and sinovenous thrombosis in 1 case.Conclusion CT and MRI scan are of significant value in diagnosis and treatment of eclamptic encephalopathy in plateau.

Objective Toinvestigatethehemodynamicchangesofthegraymatterandwhitematterinpatientswithchronicmountain sickness(CMS).Methods 14CMSpatientsand12healthyvolunteerswererecruitedinthisstudy.Allofthem wereperformedbyroutineMRI andperfusionweightedimaging(PWI)scans.Aftertheappropriatepost-processing,therelevanthemodynamicparametersofdifferent graymatternucleiandwhitematteroffrontallobewereobtained,andthedifferenceofeachvaluebetweenthetwogroupswascompared.Results Therelativecerebralbloodflow (rCBF)decreasedinthebraingraymatterandwhitematterinCMSpatientswhencomparedwith normalgroup(P<0.05)[rCBFofthespleniumofthecorpuscallosum was(40.57±18.89)mL·100g-1·min-1forCMSpatients, and (64.56±18.55)mL·100g-1·min-1fornormalgroup],andatthesametime,meantransittime (MTT)andtimetopeak (TTP)werebothprolonged(P<00.5)[MTTofthespleniumofthecorpuscallosumwas(66.3±19.5)sforCMSpatients,and(48.0±2.17)sfor normalgroup;TTPofthespleniumofthecorpuscallosum was(26.86±4.67)sforCMSpatients,and (23.17±3.01)sfornormal group].Conclusion Collateralcirculation mayexistinCMSpatients’brain.Therearecerebralhemodynamicdifferencesbetween CMSpatientsandhealthyvolunteers.MRPWIisanimportantwayfordiagnosisofCMS.

Objective To assess the value of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC) values of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE) in children.Methods 20 cases of children(≤14 years) with HAE were collected in this restrospective study.PNM staging was determined, the HAE peripheral area of DWI lesions with different P stages was observed, and the ADC value of the peripheral area was measured.The comparison of alveococcus lesions in different stages of DWI with continuous edge degree and ADC value difference was done to evaluate the growth activity.Results There were 5 cases of P1 lesions, 7 cases of P2 lesions, 2 cases of P3 lesions and 6 cases of P4 lesions.DWI features of peripheral area were as follows: High signal ring band between HAE lesion edge and adjacent normal hepatic parenchyma was observed.P1 lesions showed almost complete obviously high signal peripheral area, indicating the most active proliferation, P2 and P3 lesions of peripheral area were continuous and with high signal, and still had obvious growth activity.P4 lesions of peripheral area were not continuous, while the signal decreased, indicating the activity also decreased.The highest ADC value was detected in P1 lesions group of and the ADC value of P2 lesions group were lower than P1, and the ADC value of P4 lesions group were the lowest.P3 lesions samples were too small and thus no statistical analysis was done.Differences of ADC value between the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion DWI image features could be used to assesse the growth activity of HAE in children with different stages to a certain extent.ADC values measurement provides important reference value for evaluating the growth activity at various stages of the lesions.