We conducted questionnaire for anonymous answers.The sample comprised 388 papers.The results obtained response to inquiry.Based on human dermatoglyphics development,its teaching reform,curriculum construction have been made in this paper.

Human Dermatoglyphics is elective in the Shanghai Jiaotong University, which is popular among the students. The 284 anonymous questionaires were received and the result was analyzed. Based on the teaching practice of human dermatoglyphic the opinions about the teaching reform and curriculum construction have been made in this paper.

Objective To compare the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis between macrophages activation syndrome (MAS) and other hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Methods Thirty-six children with HPS were identified at Nanjing Children's Hospital during January 2006 to March 2009. They could be classi-fied into MAS group (13 patients) and other HPS group (23 patients). All relevant clinical features, laboratory data, treatments and outcomes were analyzed with t test,χ2 test and Fisher's exact test.Results Patients with MAS tended to be elder than those with other HPSs [(7.7±1.3) years vs (2.6±0.5)years, t=3.899, P=0.004]. There was no difference in gender distribution. In MAS cases, the central nervous system (69% vs 13%, P=0.001), circulatory system (23% vs 9%, P=0.047) and the urinary system (38% vs 9%, P=0.033) were usually involved. The clinical symptoms of MAS were more sever than other HPS. Serum ferritin [(9703±9819) μg/L vs (4569±1396) μg/L, t=2.854, P=0.015] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [(53±32) mm/1 h vs (20±14) mm/1 h, t=2.708, P=0.020] changed more obviously in MAS cases compared with other HPS. Conclusion, Childhood MAS is different from other HPS in terms of age, etiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatments.

Objective To observe the value of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for the overlap syndrome complicated with pulmonary encephalopathyt.Methods Fifty-six patients with the overlap syndrome complicated with pulmonary encephalopathy were divided into the experinental group and the controlled group.The experimental group was treated with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation and conventional clinical therapy (drugs and oxygen).The controlled group was treated with conventional clinical therapy.Results The experimental group was better than tche Controlled group in blood gas analysis (PH、PaCO2) in the second hour and the twentyfourth hour after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The experimental group was more than the controlled group in the improvement of consciousness disorder (P ＜ 0.05).The experimental group was less than the controlled group in tracheal intubation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation could improve consciousness disorder of the overlap syndrome complicated with pulmonary encephalopathy,and reduce tracheal intubation.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of five children with tuberculosis with arthritis as the initial manifestation. Methods The clinical features, laboratory tests and imaging manifestation of 5 children with joint tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results The course of disease was different. All the five patients were males (mean age 8.5 ±2.9 years old) and suffered from articular symptoms as initial feature. Four of them were diagnosed and treated as rheumatoid arthritis by other hospitals for up to three years, two patients have tuberculosis contact history, and another two patients were found with bone destruction, and one patient has pathologic fracture. Conclusions Tuberculosis is easily misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis , which deserves attention from a pediatric rheumatology physician.

This investigation with questionnaires is about the recognition of ethical issues involved in therapeutic cloning and human embryo managemeat, and its aim is to provide basis for working out ethical guidelines of therapeutic cloning and human embryo management. The investigation has been carried out among professionals in the field of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive medicine in the east and west parts of our country including 12 third grade hospitals in Shanghai and Xi'an and 20 maternal and child health stations at the district and county levels with randomized sampling and voluntarily billing the questionnaires without name. A total of 400 feedbacks have been received. The results show that 91. 25% of the investigated persons admit researches on therapeutic cloning, and that majority of them recognize that moral status of embryos develops and changes in accordance with the different stages of embryo development, and put forward some recommendations to strengthen the researches on therapentic cloning and the management of human embryos in order to protect the human dignity and support the researches on therapeutic cloning.

Objective To compare the dosimetric parameters of volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT),fixed field intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT)in the radiotherapy for the patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to analyze their characteristics. Methods Twelve patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with VMAT, IMRT and 3D-CRT plan designed by Pinnacle 9.2 and Preciseplan 2.03 treatment planning system.The dosimetric parameters of targeted volumes and organs at risk were compared between three groups. Results The conformation indexes (CI)of VMAT and IMRT plans were similar,and they were both better than 3D-CRT plan,the difference was significant(P<0.05).The homogeneity index(HI)in three groups were similar,there were no statistically significant differences between them(P>0.05).The monitor units(MU)and beam time in 3D-CRT group were better than those in other two groups,and VMRT group was better than IMRT group,the statistical differences were observed between three groups (P<0.05 ).There were no statistical differences of organs at risk such as brainstem and lens between three groups(P>0.05).The doses of the spinal cord,optic nerve,optic chiasm and temporal lobe of brain in VMAT and IMRT groups were better than those in 3D-CRT group,there were statistical differences between them(P<0.05),and the data in VMAT and IMRT groups were similar,and there were no statistical differences(P>0.05).Conclusion There are differences of the targeted dose distribution between the three kinds of radiation technology, while VMAT and IMRT plans can cover the targeted areas and reduce the received doses of organs at risk.The CI,MU and beam time of VMAT plan are better than those of IMRT plan. 3D-CRT plan only has advantage in the MU and beam time.

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease(KD) by detecting expression of CD40L on T-cells from patients with KD.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 26 patients with KD before and after intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment. Age-matched febrile 16 children with various diseases were studied in parallel as controls. Age-matched normal control 15 children were studied as controls. CD40L expression on T-cells was detected by flow cytometry, soluble E-selection and soluble CD40L levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:CD40L expression on CD4+T-cells and soluble E-selection levels were significantly higher in patients with KD than that in the febrile control(FC) group and normal group(P

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab inpatients with refractory systemic'onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA),and to provide a new option for the treatment of this severe disease.Methods We retrospectively studied 25 cases of hospitalized patients with refractory SoJIA treated withtocilizumab,of whom 22 had data that fit for analysis,from May 2005 to February 2016.Data of 22 cases were collected retrospectively from physicians in charge of the patients.Children with SoJIA were treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),Glucocorticoid (GC),methotrexate,cyclosporin A,etanerceptetc before,but still in high disease activity due to inadequate response were involved.Weretrospective analyzedthe laboratory test results like C'reactive protein (CRP),Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),Ferritin and other inflammatory index.Improvement of pain,fever,rash,hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenectasis of active SoJIA (disease course ≥6 months,and inadequate response to NSAIDs and GC) after tocilizumab treatment (Body weight ≥30 kg,8 mg/kg;Body weight＜30 kg,12 mg/kg,per 4 weeks) were analyzed.Safety data of 22 cases were collected throughout the treatment period including neutropenia,infections,anaphylaxis and elevated liver enzymes etc.We also retrospectively analyzedthe dose change of GC and the long'term effect.Dichtomous paramenters were compared teween groups using thex2 test.Continuous parameters were compared using the analysis of uariance.Results In comparison to the indices before the treatment,the level of CRP [(8.7±2.2) mg/L vs (111.6±74.4) mg/L,F=5.192,P=0.002],ESR [(6.4±6.3) mm/1 h) vs (65.6±24.3) mm/1 h,F=50.393,P=0.000],white blood cell (WBC) [(8.4±2.5)×109/L vs (17.6±8.6)×109/L,F=9.321,P=0.000],Neutrophil count [(4.9±2.4)×109/L vs.(14.4±8.7)×109/L,F=10.541,P=0.000],blood platelet (PLT) [(269.5±79.2)×109/L vs (405.4± 145.3)×109/L,F=5.704,P=0.000] and globulin [(19.2±4.1) g/L vs (30.1±3.8) g/L,F=22.896,P=0.000] decreased rapidly and hemoglobin [(118.3±9.0) g/L vs (108.5±9.8) g/L,F=4.693,P=0.002] increased significantly at 24 weeks after Tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment.Clinical manifestationssuch as fever,rash,hepatosplenomegaly,joint swelling and pain were significantly improved.GC dose [(1.25±3.8) mg·kg-1·d-1 vs (16.2±12.8) mg·kg-1·d-1,F=8.21,P=0.000] were significantly reduced after TCZ treatment (P＜0.05);American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pedi 30/50/70/90 was improved after TCZ treatment.Adverse events occurred in 3 cases of 25 children,who were not included in the statistical analysis group.Conclusion This retrospective case series has demonstrated the efficacy of tocilizumab in SoJIA,low incidence of adverse reactions.Further studies are needed to be developed because this case series haslimited sample size.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and laboratory data of 10 patients with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) complicating systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (soJIA),which were characterized by acute severe liver injury.Methods Data of 10 patients with soJIA/MAS from Nanjing Children's Hospital were collected retrospectively.The clinical features,laboratory findings,treatment,outcomes and prognosis were analyzed.Results In the total 10 patients,female (6/10) outnumbered male.Their age ranged from 1.5 to 9.5 years old (average 5.2±2.6).The most remarkable clinical manifestations were severe liver injury without systemic features,representing as hepatomegaly (10/10),splenomegaly (2/10) and strikingly increased transaminase (10/10,median:ALT 1 445 U/L,AST 885 U/L).Central nervous system dysfunction and hemorrhages were recorded in 20％ of the patients.Two patients had pulmonary infection.Laboratory data showed that platelet count was less than normal or precaution value (10/10,≤262×10g/L).Hyperferritinaemia (10/10,median:17 329 mg/ml) and soluble CD25 elevation (median:3 140 U/ml) were common in the soJIA/MAS patients.Evidence of macrophage hemophagocytosis was found in 90％ of the patients (9/10) who underwent bone marrow aspiration.Pathological findings of liver biopsy from 1 patient revealed massive infiltration of mononuclear cells in the portal tracts.Nearly all patients (9/10) received intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy,combined with cyclosporine A and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin.Eight patients had good outcome.Only 2 patients were complicated with severe interstitial lung disease during 12-months follow-up.Conclusion MAS should be considered when patients with soJIA represents acute severeliver injury without systemic features combined with other laboratory data.Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone and cyclosporine A therapy may improve the prognosis of soJIA/MAS.