Full ceramic restorations become more and more popular for their excellent properties. Bond strength between ceramic and composite resin cement is the key factor to success in clinical use. This paper illuminated the importance of ceramic surface treatments and reviewed recent progresses on ceramic surface treatments. The difference of bond strength caused by different dental materials was discussed too.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of surface modification with different concentration silica sol through sol-gel processing on bond strength between dental zirconia ceramic and resin cement. Methods:Silica coating was prepared by colloidal silica sol with concentrations of 20%,30%,40% on dental Zirconia ceramic. 32 discs zirconia ceramic specimens were fabricated and randomly divided into four groups respectively after polishing and sandblasting.The ceramic surfaces of different groups were received different treatments:(1)silane couple agent;(2)20% silica coating and silane couple agent;(3)30%silica coating and silane couple agent;(4) 40% silica coating and silane couple agent. Each ceramic block was bonded to light curing composite resin. All samples were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees for 24 h before a shear bond test to measure the bond strength of the resin cement to the ceramic surface. Scanning electrical microscopy (SEM) and energy depressive spectrum (EDS) were used to analyze the silica coating. Results:Contents of surface silicon increased after modification with silica coating prepared by sol-gel method. Bond strengths of groups with silica coating were significantly higher(P

Objective To assess the diagnostic and preoperative classification value of MSCT after administration of water orally and meglumine diatrizoate enema in diagnosis of colonic neoplasms.Methods The day before examination,40 patients with colon carcinoma had a liquid diet and rountine clean enema,then underwent MSCT scan after administration of water orally and 2% meglumine diatrizoate enema.CT findings were analysed in comparison with postoperative pathologic features.Results There were 2 cases of rectal neoplasms,7 cases of sigmoid colon,6 cases of descending colon,5 cases of transeverse colon,and 20 cases of ascending colon cancer.According to Dukes' staging way,the lesions were B stage in 22 cases,C stage in 12 cases and D stage in 6 cases,the rate corresponding to operation was 89.6%.Conclusion MSCT scan after administration of water orally and 2% meglumine diatrizoate enema in diagnosis of colonic neoplasms has great value.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium ferulate on phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27(HSP27) in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and platelet derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB).METHODS: Cultured VSMCs derived from rat thoracic aorta were used.The activity of HSP27 was evaluated by Western blotting with specific phospho-HSP27 antibody.RESULTS: The phosphorylation of HSP27 in response to AngⅡ and PDGF-BB was suppressed by sodium ferulate in a dose-dependent manner,with maximal inhibition rates of 39.0%(P

BACKGROUND:Amputation is a special type of trauma. Mechanism of trauma-induced damage to the liver and the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on the liver remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of hepatic damage in rats of postoperative amputation, and how H 2 S exerts effects on liver function.
METHODS:Wistar rats and Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into normal group, postoperative 6-, 12-, 24-and 72-hour groups, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, and propargyl glycine group, as wel as normal group, postoperative 6-hour group, HaHS group, and propargyl glycine group. Except the normal group, the structure 1.2-1.4 cm above the left knee was completely transected in rats of other groups. Blood vessels were ligated, and then left femoral vein and femoral artery were cut to establish rat models of amputation in the left hind limb. In the NaHS and propargyl glycine groups, 28 μmol/kg NaHS and 50 mg/kg propargyl glycine were intraperitoneal y injected immediately after amputation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, traumatic changes in rat liver cel s and mitochondrial structure were seen, and plasma and liver myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, H 2 S/cystathionineγ-lyase levels, liver mitochondrial respiratory control rate, membrane potential and ATP activity were significantly lower in the postoperative 6-hour groups (P<0.05). After NaHS intervention, H 2 S/cystathionineγ-lyase level and above indicators were significantly higher in the postoperative 6-hour groups (P<0.05), but plasma transaminase did not significantly alter (P>0.05). After treatment with propargyl glycine, above indicators except mitochondrial indexes were further decreased, and transaminase was significantly reduced (P<0.05). These findings suggest that H 2 S can reduce lipid peroxidation, inflammatory reaction, and make the mitochondrial function improved significantly, but did not reduce the damage of liver function in rat models after amputation.

Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint(SCJ) is a rare condition and accounts for 0.5％-1.0％ of septic arthritis.SCJ infections often require surgical intervention.Diabetes mellitus,rheumatoid arthritis,intravenous drug use,intraarticular injection and immunosuppressive disorders are predisposing factors.Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common bacteriologies.Early diagnosis of SCJ infection requires a high index of suspicion and a confirmatory CT or MRI scan.The characteristic imaging features include intramedullary and soft tissue gas,sequestra,soft tissue swelling and destruction or widening of joint space.Management strategies have ranged from conservative antibiotic therapy to en-bloc resection of the sternoclavicular joint with or without ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle transposition.The shoulder function in most patients were well preserved.

Objective To establish normal reference ranges for serum cystatin C (Cys C)in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞50 years)Chinese individuals.Methods A total of 1087 candidates were consecutively selected and serum Cys-C levels were measured by transmission turbidimetry.Frequency analysis and histogram were used to establish the 95％ confidence reference range according to methods provided by CLSI (C28-A2).Results Based on the definition and verification procedures for clinical laboratory reference ranges(CLSI C28-A2,second edition),Cys-C levels of 1087 participants fell within the range of 0.30-1.55 mg/L;Male participants had higher serum Cys-C levels than female participants(Z=-10.19,P＜0.01).The serum Cys-C level increased with age,regardless of gender(R =0.600,P＜ 0.01).Differences in Cys-C levels between age groups were statistically significant (x2=411.17,P＜ 0.01).The reference ranges of normal serum Cys-C levels for different age groups (50-,55-,60-,65-,70-,75-,) were 0.42-0.98mg/L,0.45-1.04mg/L,0.47-1.34mg/L,0.46-1.38mg/L,0.61-1.33mg/L,0.61-1.28 mg/L,respectively,for males,and 0.39-0.94mg/L,0.42-1.01mg/L,0.40-0.91mg/L,0.46-1.03mg/L,0.57-1.04mg/L,0.55-1.27mg/L,respectively,for females.Conclusions This study established preliminary normal serum Cys-C reference ranges for healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞ 50 years)individuals in this region,which can serve as parameters for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

The cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH) from Rhizobium strain BK-20 is the key enzyme for L(+)-tartaric acid production. To establish a highly efficient and stable production process, we first optimized the enzyme production from Rhizobium strain BK-20, and then developed an immobilized cell-culture process for sustained production of L(+)-tartaric acid. The enzyme activity of free cells reached (3 498.0 +/- 142.6) U/g, and increased by 643% after optimization. The enzyme activity of immobilized cells reached (2 817.2 +/- 226.7) U/g, under the optimal condition with sodium alginate as carrier, cell concentration at 10% (W/V) and gel concentration at 1.5% (W/V). The immobilized cells preserved high enzyme activity and normal structure after 10 repeated batches. The conversion rate of the substrate was more than 98%, indicating its excellent production stability.
Alginates ; chemistry ; Cells, Immobilized ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Rhizobium ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Tartrates ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on inflammatory and oxidative damage of myocardium due to stress after amputation,and explore the relationship between H2S signal pathway and inflammatory and oxidative damage.Methods Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats(weighing 260-300g) were randomly divided into 4 groups(7 each):control group,trauma group,NaHS group and PPG group.Rat model of traumatic stress was established in the rats in the 3 latter groups,and the animals were sacrificed 6 hours after modeling.The rats in control group were also sacrificed at the same time point.Rats in NaHS and PPG group respectively received intraperitoneal injection of NaHS(28?mol/kg) or PPG(50mg/kg).The level of H2S in plasma was measured by sensitive sulphur electrode,the activity of CSE in myocardium was determined by methylene blue method,myeloperoxidase(MPO) in plasma and myocardium was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and malondialdehyde(MDA) in plasma and myocardium was measured by TBA method.Results Compared with the control group,the content of H2S in plasma decreased,MPO and MDA in plasma and myocardium increased 6 hours after amputation(trauma group).Compared with the trauma group,the contents of H2S and MPO in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardium increased,MDA in plasma and MPO and MDA in myocardium decreased in NaHS group,while the contents of H2S and MPO in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardium decreased,MDA in plasma and MPO and MDA in myocardium increased in PPG group.Conclusion Inflammatory and oxidation injuries may occur in rat's myocardium after amputation,and H2S can offer a protective effect on myocardium by decreasing inflammatory and oxidative damage.

Objective:To evaluate the toxicity of NaHCO3 coagulated silica gel for coating on the zirconia bonding surface in vivo. Methods:The silica gel was subjected to short term systemic toxicity test by delayed-type hypersensitivity test by oral route and oral mucosa irritation test according to the YY/T 0244-1 996 standards,T1 6886.1 0-2005 /ISO 1 0993-1 0:2002 standards and YY/T 01 27. 1 3-2009 standards respectively.Results:In the short term systemic acute toxicity tested mice there was no significant difference in the weekly food utilization rate and relative body weight growth rate between the experimental and control groups.No abnormality and path-ological change were observed.The delayed-type hypersensitivity test showed that no erythema and edema reaction presented in all the test cavies after 24 and 48 h of stimulation contact,and the sensitization rate was 0.There was no local or systemic pathological change in all the oral mucosa irritation test animals.Conclusion:NaHCO3 procoagulant silica gel has no in vivo toxicity.