Objective To detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ⅱ ( BMPR Ⅱ ) in human focal cortical dysplasia ( FCD Ⅱ b). Methods Fourteen specimens of FCD Ⅱ b surgically removed and pathologically verified were collected from June 2008 to June 2010 and the expression of BMPR Ⅱ in the normal brain tissues and the pathological specimens was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results In the normal brain tissues, BMPR Ⅱ was widely expressed in the cortical neurons of the grey matter, with no positive immunostaining in the white matter. In the cortical lesion of FCD Ⅱ b, BMPR Ⅱ was strongly expressed in the misshapen cells including balloon cells (BCs) , dysmorphic neurons (DNs) and giant neurons (GNs). Positive BMPR Ⅱ expression was also observed in the reactive astroeytes and low level expression of BMPR Ⅱ was found in the normal-appearing (NA) neurons. Western-blot analysis showed that BMPR Ⅱ expression tended to be lowered in the FCD Ⅱ b specimens compared with the normal brain tissues ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion The expression of BMPR Ⅱ is altered and reduced in the FCD Ⅱ b, suggesting that BMP signal pathway may participate in the pathogenesis of FCD.

0.05).The successful rates of weaning from MV of embedment group(60%,75%) were significantly higher than those of control group(30%,35%) and traditional needle group(25%,30%) in the 2 nd and 4 th week after treatment(all P

OBJECTIVE To approach whole environment dynamic monitoring of the cross infection in operation department.METHODS To learn the experience of planning,construction and infection′s monitoring and managing of domestic and abroad operation departments,in combination with own work practice of reforming and infection management.RESULTS There were straight relations between planning,plane disposition,flow-sheet,construction quality,managing way and cross infection.CONCLUSIONS The whole environment dynamic monitoring of cross infection in operation department is very important.Of the total,the monitoring of planning design,the efficiency,rationality and safety of disposition,and flow-sheet of operation department at the beginning stage of construction is the premise of preventing and controlling cross infection there.The monitoring of construction quality at intermediate stage is the foundation of monitoring cross infection.The dynamic monitoring of alive human flow(patients,staff),logistic flow(articles during pre-operation,in-operation,and post-operation) and air current at later stage is the key point of preventing and controlling cross infection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of composite skin grafts consisting of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and autologous scalp in the repair of defects after excision of giant pigmented nevi in children.Methods Eighteen children with giant pigmented nevi were included in this study.All the patients received excision of giant pigmented nevi.The defects were repaired using composite skin grafts consisting of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and autologous razor-thin scalp grafts in 10 children from June 2009 to October 2012 (test group),and using autologous thin or intermediate-thickness skin grafts in 8 children from March 2006 to May 2009 (control group).Donor site healing time,skin graft survival rate,and the degree of scar proliferation were compared between the two groups.Results Significant differences were observed at donor sites between the test group and control group in healing time ((5.31 ± 1.45) vs.(11.63 ± 1.69) days,P ＜ 0.05) and scar score (1.62 ± 0.38 vs.6.38 ± 0.58,P ＜ 0.05).At recipient sites,the survival rate of skin grafts was similar between the test group and control group ((94.44 ± 2.56)％ vs.(95.13 ± 3.13)％,P ＞ 0.05),while scar score was significantly different (5.38 ±0.62 vs.8.40 ± 0.41,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Composite skin grafts consisting of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix and autologous scalp appear to be a good option for the repair of defects after excision of giant pigmented nevi in children,with minor donor-site injuries and satisfying cosmetic and functional outcomes at recipient sites.

Objective To summarize the picture features of high resolution micro-endoscopy (HRME) for normal gastrointestinal mucosa. Methods We select 10 cases' normal esophageal mucosa, gastric and duodenal mucosa, in-testinal mucosa and colonic mucosal biopsies for this study, use HRME to observe the specimens and describe the features of different parts of the digestive tract normal mucosa according to the collected HRME pictures. Results After HRME imaging, all specimens were sent to pathological examination. We obtained 1 284 HRME pictures for 50 cases of biopsy specimens, 400 pictures were selected for results analysis after screening. HRME image charac-teristics of different parts of the digestive tract normal mucosa are as follows. Esophageal mucosa: cell arrangement rules, round and bright nucleus, the same size, nuclear spacing normal, the number of cells per field in basically are the same. Fundic mucosa: numerous closely arranged glands as well as oval or elongated branched openings of the gastric pits and linear peripheral cracks were visible; the nuclei were arranged regularly. Antral mucosa: irregular or tubular openings of the gastric pits and cracked glandular cavities were visible, with the cells surrounding the gastric pits regularly arranged and the nuclei small and densely distributed. Duodenal mucosa:visible villi was large fingers,on both sides of lint jagged depression, stereoscopic obviously, a cluster-like arrangement and the gap was crack-like. Intestinal mucosa:villous structures wider gap is wider, less than the number of the duodenum. Colonic mucosa:the nucleus of the same size, shape rules, round or oval and daisy-like glandular structures. All specimens were confirmed normal mucosa by pathology. Conclusion HRME can accurately identify the different parts of the diges-tive tract normal mucosa and it has a high consistency compared with pathological results.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of high?resolution microendoscopy( HRME) im?aging for animal gastrointestinal mucosa. Methods Mucosal tissues were harvested from the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine of Japanese big?ear white rabbits. The effects of HRME imaging of different lo?cations such as the gastric antrum and fundus, small intestine and large intestine were observed, and those of different exposure time were compared.Accuracy of HRME imaging was compared with pathology. Results The specific tissues of the gastrointestinal mucosa could be clearly distinguished from the HRME images. In the superficial layer of the fundic mucosa, numerous closely arranged glands as well as oval or elongated branched openings of the gastric pits and linear peripheral cracks were visible;the nuclei were arranged reg?ularly. In the superficial layer of the antral mucosa, irregular or tubular openings of the gastric pits and cracked glandular cavities were visible, with the cells surrounding the gastric pits regularly arranged and the nuclei small and densely distributed. In the superficial layer of the small intestine mucosa, stereoscopic thick?finger?shaped villi cluster was visible. The intervillous spaces were crack?like, and the surface was cov?ered by regularly arranged reflective, absorptive cells. In the superficial layer of the large intestine mucosa, many regularly arranged daisy?like round crypts of uniform size, as well as reflective, goblet cells surrounding the crypt and the interval space between crypts were visible. When the exposure time increased, the nuclei became brighter. An excellent correlation was noted between the results of histologic examination and those obtained by using HRME. Conclusion HRME can produce accurate images of the animal gastro?intestinal mucosae and may be a novel technique for further studies of human gastrointestinal pathology.

Objective To understand affective characteristic of Chinese words. Method 1300 adjectives and nouns of Chinese words were rated in five point scale by 65 participants in three dimensions: emotional valence,arousal and familiarity. Results Neither age effect nor gender effect were found for the word scores in each scale of each dimension. The correlation coefficients between each two dimensions were significant (P＜0.01):0. 787 for valence-arousal, 0. 550 for valence-familiarity and 0. 600 for arousal-familiarity.Conclusion The affective vocabulary system of Chinese words can be used as a tool in future emotional research.

Neurodegenerative disease is a kind of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system that seriously endanger human health. The complement 3 (C3)-complement 3a receptor (C3aR) pathway is one of the important pathways for classical complement cascade activation. A large number of studies have shown that the C3-C3aR pathway can mediate and regulate the interaction of astrocyte-microglia axis in neurons, resulting in function changes in central nervous system. In addition, studies in recent years have found that the C3-C3aR pathway is closely related to the occurrence and progress of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and epilepsy. This article reviews the progress of C3-C3aR pathway and discuss the role of C3-C3aR pathway in several important neurodegenerative diseases, and it provides a new idea fo treatment of these diseases.

Objective To explore the features of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after during the process of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. To study the correlation of the brain function imaging and neuropsychological scores in converted MCI subjects with the purpose of finding the potential functional biomarkers which may predict the conversion of MCI to AD dementia in short term using resting state functional MRI. Methods Twenty-seven patients with MCI and 31 age, gender and years of education matched normal controls (NC) were enrolled in this study and neuropsychological assessment and rs-fMRI data were acquired respectively at the baseline and follow-up. Functional connectivity strength (FCS) analyses were used to assess the functional differences among the groups of MCI-converters (MCI-c) , MCI-non converters (MCI-nc) and NC. Variance analyses were used to compare the group differences in age, years of education and each neuropsychological assessment. In addition, Chi-squared test was used to compare group differences in gender. Then, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare group differences in the interval time of twice data collection. Group differences in FCS values were analyzed by general linear model. Finally, correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between the FCS values of the brain regions with group differences and neuropsychological assessment scores in MCI patients. Results (1) Significant group differences of FCS among the MCI-c, MCI-nc and NC groups were observed in bilateral angular gyri, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, right precentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left precuneus, right fusiform, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, left cerebellum. (2) The MCI-c showed decreased FCS in bilateral angular gyri, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, right fusiform, left precuneus, and left paracentral lobule, as compared to MCI-nc, the cluster was 149, 114, 186, 56, 48, 33, 38 and 102 voxels, respectively;P<0.05, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the FCS values of the right angular gyrus were negative correlated with the MMSE scores (r=-0.561, P=0.017) . Conclusions This study revealed that the comparison of rs-fMRI imaging data between MCI-c and MCI-nc at baseline is of great benefits in analysing the imaging characteristics of patients during converting from MCI to AD. The feature of FCS in rs-fMRI in right angular gyrus might serve as early indicators for the dysfunction and progression from MCI to AD.

Objective To explore the features of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in the patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after during the process of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. To study the correlation of the brain function imaging and neuropsychological scores in converted MCI subjects with the purpose of finding the potential functional biomarkers which may predict the conversion of MCI to AD dementia in short term using resting state functional MRI. Methods Twenty-seven patients with MCI and 31 age, gender and years of education matched normal controls (NC) were enrolled in this study and neuropsychological assessment and rs-fMRI data were acquired respectively at the baseline and follow-up. Functional connectivity strength (FCS) analyses were used to assess the functional differences among the groups of MCI-converters (MCI-c) , MCI-non converters (MCI-nc) and NC. Variance analyses were used to compare the group differences in age, years of education and each neuropsychological assessment. In addition, Chi-squared test was used to compare group differences in gender. Then, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare group differences in the interval time of twice data collection. Group differences in FCS values were analyzed by general linear model. Finally, correlation analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between the FCS values of the brain regions with group differences and neuropsychological assessment scores in MCI patients. Results (1) Significant group differences of FCS among the MCI-c, MCI-nc and NC groups were observed in bilateral angular gyri, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, right precentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left precuneus, right fusiform, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, left cerebellum. (2) The MCI-c showed decreased FCS in bilateral angular gyri, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, right fusiform, left precuneus, and left paracentral lobule, as compared to MCI-nc, the cluster was 149, 114, 186, 56, 48, 33, 38 and 102 voxels, respectively;P<0.05, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the FCS values of the right angular gyrus were negative correlated with the MMSE scores (r=-0.561, P=0.017) . Conclusions This study revealed that the comparison of rs-fMRI imaging data between MCI-c and MCI-nc at baseline is of great benefits in analysing the imaging characteristics of patients during converting from MCI to AD. The feature of FCS in rs-fMRI in right angular gyrus might serve as early indicators for the dysfunction and progression from MCI to AD.