Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of using adsorption method combined with warm saline in heparin- free dialysis for patients with high risk bleeding tendency in order to reduce blood ag-glutination in the dialyzer and pipeline. Methods 60 patients with high risk bleeding tendency who were to undergo long- term hemodialysis (HD) were divided into the experimental group and the control group with 30 eases in each group,they both adopted heparin- free dialysis.The control group used saline washing of room temperature, while the experimental group adopted adsorption method combined with warm saline during washing. The completion of dialysis as well as the agglutination in the dialyzer and pipeline were ob-served. Results Number of patients who completed the dialysis were more, the completion rate of dialysis was higher and agglutination of dialyzer and pipeline decreased in the experimental group than those in the control group. Conclusions Agglutination of dialyzer and pipeline can be reduced and the aim of safe and effective heparin- free dialysis can be reached when using adsorption method combined with warm saline.

Objective To evaluate the effect of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery(SEPS) for the(treatment) of recurrent venous ulcer.Methods SEPS Was preformed on 56 limbs with recurrent venous(ulcer),and ulcer healing was assessed at follow up.Results Fifty-five limb ulcers healed in 10～49 days,one limb ulcer was not healed after 90 days,but healed after ligation of lesser saphenous vein.The patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years,1 case recurred after 6 months and it healed with antibiotic treatment;2 cases recurred after 18 months,and both healed after high ligation of lesser saphenous vein.Conclusions SEPS is effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent venous ulcer.SEPS is minitraumatic with few(complications).

Objective To research and analyze about the quality of life of patients after liver or kid-ney transplantation and return to work aiming at understanding the influence of return to work on their quality of life. Methods The general condition questionnaire and the generic quality of life inventory- 74 (GQOLI-74) were used to survey the quality of life of 30 patients who returned to work after liver or kidney transplantation (the experimental group), the results were compared with 30 cases of the same kinds who did not return to work (the control group). The influence of return to work after liver or kidney transplanta-tion on quality of life was analyzed. Results The total score of quality of life,the score of every dimension and factor were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group. Conclusions Return to work contributes to improvement of quality of life for patients after liver or kidney transplantation.

Blue laser imaging (BLI) is a new endoscopic system equipped with the laser beam emitting two different wavelengths.It produces bright and high resolution images for observation of microvascular and microsurface patterns of esophageal and gastric mucosa, helping the diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal cancer.Compared with the existed endoscopic techniques, BLI shows its unique advantages.In this article, advances in application of BLI in diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal cancer were reviewed.

BACKGROUND: The number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars vary greatly among different populations; therefore, it is important to be familiar with the variations in the root and root canal for the location and negotiation of the canals. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in the roots and root canal of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province by cone-beam CT. METHODS: 656 patients undegoing cone-beam CT examination at the Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, from September 2012 to October 2015 were recruited, and all patients had healthy, well-developed, and untreated bilateral permanent mandibular first molars with normal appearance. Subsequently, the three-dimensional reconstruction based on cone-beam CT data was performed using Planmeca Romexis software to observe the variations in the root and root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 1312 permanent mandibular first molars, the incidence of permanent mandibular first molars with three roots was 70.66% (927/1312); the majority of root canal variations involved two roots and three root canals, accounting for 48.09% (631/1312). The incidence of distal root was 35.37% (232/656), the incidence of distal root was 29.34% (385/1312) in total teeth, and the incidence of distal root bilaterally was 68.95% (153/232). There was a significantly increased incidence of distal root on the right side than on the left side (P < 0.05), and the incidence in the male was significantly higher than that in the female (P < 0.05). These results suggest that most of Han populations in southwest Shandong Province have permanent mandibular first molars with two roots, and the root canal variations mainly involve two roots and three root canals, with the high incidence of distal root. Moreover, cone-beam CT is available for detecting the variation in roots and root canal system, which can provide references for root canal treatment.

This paper was aimed to study the dynamic changes of San-Ao(SA) decoction in different compatibility of ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,amygdalin and glycyrrhizic acid.HPLC was used to simultaneously determinate the transfer rate of SA decoction of ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,amygdalin and glycyrrhizic acid.Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm) column was selected with methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid as a mobile phase to gradient.The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1.The column temperature was 30℃.The injection volume was 10μL.Ephedrine hydrochloride,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and amygdalin were detected at the wavelength of 208 nm.The glycyrrhizic acid was detected at the wavelength of 250 nm.The results showed that the transfer rate of ephedrine hydrochloride in decoction was more than that of the single preparation.The transfer rate of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride was the highest in the combination of ephedra and bitter almond.The transfer rate of amygdalin was the highest in the combination of ephedra and bitter almond.The transfer rate of glycyrrhizic acid in decoction was more than that of the single preparation.It was concluded that there were dynamic changes in the boiling process during herbal decoction preparation.The effectiveness and stability of Chinese medicine should be improved according to these changes.

Objective To analyze the incidence and clinical features of urothelial tumors in renal allograft recipients.Methods A retrospective analysis of 1042 patients received renal allografts who had taken immunosuppression for at least six months between 2006 and 2011 in The First Centre Hospital of Tianjin was performed.Results Eleven cases of uroepithelial tumors were diagnosed in the 1042 cases of renal transplantation ( 1.06％ ),of whom 9 cases were noticed by hematuria ( 81.8 ％ ),2 cases ( 18.2％ ) by medical examination.Six patients were diagnosed with multifocal urothelial carcinomas.Surgery was performed on all the patients with renal tumors and followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy.Conclusion Malignancies in urinary tract after renal transplantation should be bore in mind.Early diagnosis is very important.The treatment options include reducing immunosuppressive agents and removing tumor lesions completely.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and application of enzyme-linked bridging assay(ELBA)method to the pharmacokinetic evaluation of antisense strand siRNA drug. METHODS Antisense strand RNAs were diluted in LNCap cell lysates from 5 to 50 000 pmol·L-1 to construct the quantification curves. We transfected the intact double-strand siRNA at a final concentration 100 nmol·L-1 targeting Polo-like kinase into the LNCap cells and investigated the specificity of ELBA quantitating the siRNA antisense strand in cell supernatant,cell lysates and RNA-induced silencing complex( RlSC). Quantification curves were constructed and validated in biological matrices such as plasma (5-25 000 pmol·L-1 )and multiple tissues(liver,heart,spleen,and kidneys)(3-6250 pmol·L-1 ). The prostate specific membrane antigen aptamer siRNA delivery system with the intact siRNA concentration of 15 nmol·kg-1 was prepared. The siRNAs were delivered into the LNCap xenogrant tumor model in C57 mice by tail vein injection. The concentration of siRNA antisense strand was determined in plasma and tissues 30 min post administration by ELBA. RESULTS The quantitative range of antisense strand siRNA in cell lysates was 5-50 000 pmol·L-1 ,and ELBA method could quantify the siRNA antisense strand concentration from cell lysates and RlSC in LNCap cells transfected with double-strand siRNA. ln addition,ELBA could specifically reflect the single antisense strand concentration instead of intact siRNA double strands in plasma. The quantification range of siRNA antisense strand using ELBA in plasma was 5-25 000 pmol·L-1 and 3-3125 pmol·L-1 in tissues. About 30 min post administration of PSMA aptamer-siRNA,the antisense strand of siRNA was distributed mainly to the tumor,liver,kidneys,blood and spleen in sequence. The distribution profile might be attributed to the target delivery and siRNA pharma-codynamics. CONCLUSION The ELBA method is successfully applied to the siRNA antisense strand pharmacokinetic evaluation,which provides an alternative for pharmacokinetic studies of siRNA-based drugs.

Objective:To assess the effect of combined cognitive rehabilitation training on improving cogni-tive dysfunction in amphetamine-type stimulant dependent patients.Methods:Subjects who met the clinical diagno-sis of ATS dependence by DSM-IV in compulsory isolation detoxification institute were randomly assigned into in-tervention group (n =30 )and control group (n =26 ).Control group received a regular education.Intervention group also received a combined cognitive rehabilitation training besides regular education,including psychological and physical rehabilitation for 24 weeks.The Chinese version of CogState Battery (CSB)was used to assess cogni-tive function at baseline and 24 weeks after the intervention.Results:No significant difference was found on all sub-scales scores of CogState Battery between two groups at baseline.At 24 weeks after the intervention,compared to control group,the intervention group had more improvements in three sub-scale scores,i.e.,One Card LearningTask [(0.06 ±0.12)vs. (-0.03 ±0.14),P<0.05],Two-back Task [(0.12 ±0.15)vs. (0.01 ±0.19),P<0.05]and Continuous Paired Association Learning Task [(-0.46 ±0.35)vs. (-0.15 ±0.49),P<0.05].No difference was found on improvements in the rest 5 sub-scale scores,i.e.,Detection Task,Identification Task,Inter-national Shopping List Task,Groton Maze Learning Task and Social Emotional Cognition Task (P >0.05 ).Conclusion:The combined cognitive rehabilitation training could improve amphetamine-type stimulant dependent patients'visual learning and memory,working memory and spatial working memory,while have no significant im-provement on other cognitive functions.

Objective Bladder cancer , which has a high rate of recurrence and invasion , is the most common genitourinary cancer.The article was to study the effect of specific chemokine receptor CXCR 4 on invasion capacity and intraluminal implantation of human bladder cancer cells . Methods A CXCR4 specific recombinant plasmid vector (short hairpin, shRNA) was constructed to select those cells which could inhibit the expression of CXCR 4, and these cells were divided into blank control group , negative control plasmid group and recombinant plasmid group (pshRNA-CXCR4-1, pshRNA-CXCR4-2).RT-PCR and immunofluorescence technique were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR 4 respectively .Invasion capability in vitro of the cells was evaluated by Boyden chamber .20 nude mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group ( n=10 ) .The experimental group was established by injection of 100μL shRNA-EJ-M3 into the bladder , while the control group was established by injection of 100μL EJ-M3, aiming to detect the effect of shRNA-CXCR4 on intraluminal implantation of human bladder cancer cells . Results The CXCR4 mRNA expression of the pshRNA-CXCR4-1 group (62.05 ± 1.35) was significantly lower than that of blank control group (174.38 ±1.96, P <0.05 ) and negative control plasmid group (166.27 ±1.82, P <0.05).There was no significant difference among the CXCR4 mRNA expression of the pshRNA-CXCR4-2 group, blank control group and negative control plasmid group ( 182.58 ± 4.2, 174.38 ±1.96, 166.27 ±1.82, P>0.05).In immunofluores-cence experiment, the red cell amount of the pshRNA-CXCR4-1 group(32.24 ±2.23) was lower than that of the blank control group (89.61 ±4.47,P<0.05) and negative control plasmid group (92.45 ±3.68, P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the red cell amount of the pshRNA-CXCR4-2 group, the blank control group and the negative control plasmid group (76.87 ±5.11, 89.61 ±4.47, 92.45 ±3.68, P>0.05).The Boyden chamber experiment showed that the number of penetrating cells of the pshRNA -CXCR4-1 group (39.67 ±8.45) was significantly lower than that of the blank control group (135.33 ±9.28, P<0.05) and that of the negative control plasmid group(123.63 ±6.36, P<0.05).As to the intraluminal implanting capability, the difference between the ex-perimental group and the control group of statistical significance (10%vs 70%,P<0.01). Conclusion CXCR4 shRNA can inhibit the expression of CXCR4 and significantly decrease the invasion capacity and intraluminal implantation of human bladder cancer cells .