BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury can result in irreversible neuronal function loss, whereas intrathecal administration of analgesia and neuroprotective drugs has been frequently used in the clinic. The animal models undergoing intrathecal administration of neuroprotective substances after cerebral injury are the basis of studies on the effects of neuroprotective substances.OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization for drug admistration. METHODS: Global cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion method and intrathecal catheterization was performed. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 rats per group: sham-surgery, model, and huwena toxin-Ⅰ (HWTX-Ⅰ). Rat models of global cerebral ischemia were established and intrathecal catheterization for drug administration was performed in the model and HWTX-Ⅰ groups. After model establishment, rats from the HWTX-Ⅰ group received HWTX-Ⅰ(1.0 μL/kg), and rats from the model group received the same amount of physiological saline. At 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, Nissl staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the sham-surgery group, numerous pyramidal neurons were densely and orderly arranged, endochylema was blue-stained, and Nissl body staining was even. In the HWTX-Ⅰ group, pyramidal neurons were orderly arranged, sparsely distributed, and some neuronal bodies were atrophic and darkly stained. In the model group, pyramidal neurons were disorderly arranged, and sparsely distributed in the whole CA1 region; in addition, a large number of neurons were atrophic and darkly stained. There was a larger degree of morphological change of hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons in the HWTX-Ⅰ group than in the model group. Results indicate that rat models of global cerebral ischemia combined with intrathecal catheterization were successfully established.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of atorvastatin on pulmonary hypertension (PAH) in chronic pulmonary heart disease.Methods Seventy eight patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease were randomly signed into treating group and observing group.Forty healthy people were picked up from people taking physical examination at the same stage as control group.Patients in observing group were given routine treatment,and patients in treating group were given atorvastatin (20 mg/d) supplement beside routine treatment.Pulmonary function,ultrasound cardiogram,plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured before and after 24 weeks of treatment.Results There were no difference in terms of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC),pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α between the observing group and treating group before treatment(P ＞ 0.05).While there were significant difference in terms of the serum levels of IL-6,TNF-α and PAP of treating group,observing group and normal control group at before treatment (IL-6:(106.61 ± 31.34) ng/L,(105.33 ± 30.16) ng/L,(73.81 ± 31.12) ng/L,F =67.17 ; TNF-α:(19.41 ± 10.21) ng/L,(18.25 ± 11.37) ng/L,(14.82 ± 4.33) ng/L,F =15.43 ; PAP:(58.33 ± 8.95) mmHg,(56.04 ± 8.57) mmHg,(15.88 ±7.01) mmHg,F =88.78;P =0.00),and these levels in observing and treating group were higher than those in normal control group(P ＜0.01).After 24 weeks treatment,the IL-6,TNF-α,PAP in the treating group were (73.90 ± 27.12) ng/L,(14.91 ± 5.35) ng/L and (45.96 ± 5.61) mmHg respectively,significantly lower than those in observing group ((103.00 ± 28.12) ng/L,(17.22 ± 7.17) ng/L and (53.11 ± 9.21) mmHg respectively; P =0.025,0.045 and 0.031 respectively).The pulmonary function indexes including FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in treating group were much better than those in observing group at 24 weeks treatment (FEV1:(57.85±10.31)％ vs.(43.9±31.33)％;FEV1/FVC:(57.83±10.38)％ vs.(47.97± 14.79) ％ ;P =0.001,0.024 respectively).Conclusion Atorvastatin can effectively improve the life quality and pulmonary function,decrease PAP of patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammation in pulmonary vessels.

BACKGROUND:Ion channel analytical technique has verified that huwentoxin is an N-type Ca2+channel blocker affecting on presynaptic membrane. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of N-type Ca2+channel blocker huwentoxin on expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 in the hippocampi of rat models of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS:Rat models of global cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid catheter were established using Pulsinel i 4-vessel occlusion and then received infusion of huwentoxin or normal saline via a PE10 tube. Morphological changes in the mitochondria and ultrastructure of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were observed using electron microscope. The expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 were measured using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Huwentoxin could maintain the basic morphology of mitochondria of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and decrease the expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 mRNA. Results suggested that huwentoxin as a novel N-type Ca2+channel blocker could block extracellular Ca2+influx, reduce intracellular Ca2+concentration, diminish a series of pathological lesion induced by intracellular Ca2+overload, protect nerve cells, and lessen the injury to nerve cells of hippocampus after ischemia and hypoxia.

Objective To study the median effective doses (ED50) of dexmedetomidine to induce adequate sedation in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia. Methods Seventy-five elderly patients undergoing lower extremity operation under epidural anesthesia were selected, and the patients were divided into 5 groups according to the random digits table method with 15 cases each: D1 group (dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg), D2 group (dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg), D3 group (dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg), D4 group (dexmedetomidine 0.8μg/kg) and D5 group (dexmedetomidine 1.0μg/kg). After 20 min of dexmedetomidine injection, adequate sedation was defines as observer′s assessment of alertness/sedation score (OAA/S score) ≤ 3 scores. The ED50 and 95% effective dose (ED95) of dexmedetomidine and 95% CI in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia were calculated by probit regression method. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and OAA/S score among 5 groups were compared. The incidences of adverse effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia and excessive sedation were compared. Results The ED50 in elderly patients was 0.36 μg/kg (95% CI 0.27 - 0.44 μg/kg); the ED95 was 0.94 μg/kg (95% CI 0.71 - 1.62 μg/kg). After dexmedetomidine injection, the MBP, heart rate, SpO2 and OAA/S scores in 5 groups were decreased, but in the D4 group and D5 group the decreases were more significant. The incidences of hypotension, bradycardia and excessive sedation in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D4 group and D5 group:2/15, 5/15 and 8/15 vs. 14/15 and 15/15;1/15, 6/15, 7/15 vs. 13/15 and 14/15;0, 0 and 1/15 vs. 5/15 and 7/15, the incidences of hypoxemia in D1 group, D2 group and D3 group were significantly lower than those in D5 group: 0, 0 and 0 vs. 3/15 and 4/15, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in incidences of adverse effects between D4 group and D5 group (P>0.05). Conclusions The ED50 of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing epidural anaesthesia is 0.36μg/kg, (CI 0.27-0.44μg/kg). The incidences of adverse effects are increased when single-dose dexmedetomidine is more than 0.8μg/kg.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) genotype characteristics and antibiotic-resistant genes in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolated from Lianyungang.METHODS The SCCmec of clinically isolated MRSA strains were genotyped with a novel multiplex PCR strategy reported by Zhangetal.Antibiotic-resistant genes of aac(6′)/aph(2″),aph(3′)Ⅲ,tetM,erm,TEM,and ant(4′,4″) were analyzed by traditional PCR.RESULTS The isolates were almost SCCmec Ⅲ positve,only one isolate couldn′t be typed.The positive rates of aac(6′)/aph(2″),aph(3′)Ⅲ,tetM,and erm were 98%,46%,72% and 86%,respectively.TEM and ant(4′,4″) tested were all negative.CONCLUSIONS Almost all genotypes of MRSA prevailing in Lianyungang carry the SCCmec Ⅲ gene.There are high positive percentages of antibiotic-resistant genes of aac(6′)/aph(2″),aph(3′)Ⅲ,tetM and erm in the isolates.The novel multiplex PCR strategy recommended by Zhang et al can be applied into genotyping study of MRSA SCCmec effectively.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and resistance of commonly encountered pathogens,and provide reference of antimicrobial agents.METHODS For the clinical specimens during the last three years,flora identification and bacteriostatic test were operated with Microscan WalkAway-40.RESULTS Gram-negative bacteria were 252,507 and 742 strains,Gram-positive bacteria were 142,166,and 243 strains,fung were 0,26,and 229 strains from 2002 to 2004,respectively,the most commonly encountered Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterobacter cloacae,and Acinetobacter baumannii;the Gram positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,S.epidermidis,S.haemolyticus,and Enterococcus.CONCLUSIONS It is important for reasonable drug application to know the distribution and resistance of commonly encountered bacteria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotics resistance and the presence of resistant gene of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nosocomial infection patients in our hospital.METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by Microscan WalkAway-40,the antibiotics resistant genes of aac(6')/aph(2″),aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4″),TEM,tetM,macA,erm and qacA/B of 16 MRSA and 24 MSSA strains were detected by PCR.RESULTS The percentage of MRSA in this investigation was 59.4%,the positive rate of ?-lactamases of 192 S.aureus strains was 98.9%,resistant rate of S.aureus to ?-lactam antibiotics was 52.1-99.0%,and to erythromycin,clindamycin,clarithromycin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,gentamicin and tetracycline was 52.1%,78.1%,85.5%,56.3%,61.1%,55.2%,and 69.8%,respectively,but to nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were relatively lower(1.1% and 10.5%) than the others.VISA,h-VISA and VRSA were not measured.To the most of antibiotics,the resistant rate of MRSA was higher than MSSA.The presence of resistant gene of MRSA and MSSA was different.There was more positive percentage of gene in MRSA than in MSSA.CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics resistance of S.aureus isolated from nosocomial infection patients in our hospital is severe.Compared to MSSA,MRSA has higher antibiotic resistant rate and more complicated drug-resistant mechanism.Some measures should be done to reduce the antibiotic resistance of S.aureus.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the malignant tumors with the highest cause of death and increasing incidence worldwide.Accurate diagnosis in early stage is vital for the treatment of patients.Presently,routine screening strategies including ?-fetoprotein(AFP)and ultrasound every 6 months have been recommended for early detection in patients with liver cirrhosis to detect HCC at earlier stages.However,the sensitivity and specificity of AFP are far from satisfaction.With the development of recently techniques such as proteomics,it is possible for new HCC-specific markers being available in the near future.Golgi Protein 73(GP73)is most likely to be a promising serum marker.In a few available literatures,GP73 has sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 90%.And fucose-studded GP73 has sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%.Apart from GP73,lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP,des-gamma carboxyprothrombin,?-L-fucosidase,glypican-3,hepatocyte growth factor,transforming growth factor-?1,vascular endothelial growth factor,and mucin 1 have been proposed as markers for HCC detection.Clinical trials are undergoing to estimate the value of the above markers,and may change the status in quo ofthe diagnosis of HCC.We have started a multi-centeral trial to investigate GP73 in HBV and HBV related HCC patients with positive preliminary results.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of indwelling time of femoral vein catheter on bacterium colonization in patients with hemodialysis treatment,then to choose the optimal one from infection prevention viewpoint.METHODS The patients were divided randomly into three groups according to their catheter indwelling time(group A2 weeks)(20 patients in each group).Samples from skin and the tip of the catheter were cultured,and compared the colony number and strain distribution.RESULTS There was bacterium colonization on punctured skin and the tip of the catheter after using it for a long time.The longer it was,the higher the positive rate was.The positive rate of bacterium colonization in groups B,and C was 25% vs 100%(P

Objective To investigate the regulatory networks of DNA methylation profiles in STEMI by methylation microarrays.Methods A total often male patients with STEMI and ten male healthy controls were recruited.Methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation and Nimblegen HG18 Meth 385K promoter plus CpG island microarrays were used to identify differentially methylated regions.And several bioinformatics analysis tools which included chromosomal assignment, gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis with SignalMap and The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery were used to high-throughput analysis.Results Compared with healthy controls, DMRs of STEMI is 1 634, There are 1 480 (90.57％), 131 (8.02％) and23 (1.41％) methylated sites were separately located on High CpG-containing promoter, Intermediate CpG-containing promoter and Low CpG-containing promoter;Gene Ontology and Pathway analysis expressed DNA methylated genes of signaling pathway in MI identified glycerophespholipid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, regulation of actin cyteskeleton, calcium signaling pathway.However, the signal pathway about lipid metabolism is shown no significant difference.Conclusions Bioinformatics tools could provide the quick and high-throughput analysis of data from methylation microarray and enable the function classification of differentially expressed genes of STEMI.