Endoplasmic reticulum stress will be happened when cells suffer from severe adverse stimulation.Endoplasmic reticulum stress can induce autophagy.Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress can protect cell for survival, however, they can trigger cell death.In tumor cells, the mutual regulation of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress leads to the imbalance between cell survival and death, which is one of the important factors in determining the efficacy of some antitumor drugs.This paper reviews the progress on autophagy induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in tumor and the effect of autophagic inhibitors on chemosensitivity.

Objective To study the content difference of naringin in Fructus Aurantii Immaturus of different specifications.Methods HPLC was performed on the Merck- Lichrospher RP-C18(4.6 mm? 250 mm, 5 ? m) with temperature of 35 ℃ .The chromatographic conditions for naringin:the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.3 % Phosphoric acid(20 ∶ 80), at the flow rate of 1 mL/min, and the detection wavelength at 283 nm. Results The content of naringin increased with the diameter of Fructus Aurantii Immature slices.Conclusion It is suggested that there exists significant differences in intrinsic quality among Fructus Aurantii Immaturus of different specifications.

Sternal tumors are uncommon, mostly malignant.Radical resection can offer a definitive cure of these tumors. Improvement of skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction have made coverage of sternal defects reliable .

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.011

OBJECTIVE To investigate infection of Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) in patients with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU). METHODS C.trachomatis was determined by fast immune method of antigen-antibody.U.urealyticum was detected by liquid culture medium. RESULTS Among 320 cases the positive rate of C.trachomatis,and U.urealyticum was 36.25% and 43.75%,respectively.and that of complicated infection was 20.00%.There were significant differences between men and women in C.trachomatis and U.urealyticum infection(P

Objective To investigate the relationship of resistance mechanisms of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain and a Morganella morganii strain resistance to carbapenems isolated from a single specimen. Methods Sensibility of antimicrobial agents was detected by agar dilution method. Specific PCR and DNA sequence analysis were performed to detect resistance genes. Plasmid feature was detected by plasmid conjugation and electrophoresis analysis. Genetic environment around blaKPC was analyzed with sequencing. The changes of outer membrane permeability were analyzed with electrophoresis of outer membrane proteins. Results blaKPC-2 was detected in 2 original isolates strains and their transconjugants. Carbapenem-resistance was successfully transfered by conjugation experiments. blaKPC-2 was located on dissimilar plasmids, but genetic environment around blaKPC-2 was the same sequence. The Morganella morganii isolate showed a loss of 38 ×103 OMPs and an additional 36 ×103 OMPs appearance, while the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showed a loss of OMPK36. Conclusion blaKPC-2 was detected in 2 isolates. This gene encoded by two plasmids with different sizes was located on the same composite transposon. The lack of outer membrane proteins could also play an important role causing isolates to exhibite resistance to carbapenems.

BACKGROUND: The intraocular lens can move forward during cataract optic capsular surgery,but the changes in the human eye diopter cannot be monitored in such a dynamically adjustment process,it is difficult to obtain clinical data which could reveal the correlation between intraocular lens forward and human eye diopter adjustment.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of intraocular lens movement on the adjustment of human eye diopter.METHODS: Based on Hwey-Lan Liou eye model,using optical design software ZEMAX to realize ray tracing,the relationship of intraocular lens forward in the eye with the adjustment of human eye diopter was investigated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Once the intraocular lens forward for a certain distance,human eye obtained the amount of accommodating diopter was not constant; the adjustment amount depended on the axial length and the required intraocular lens implantation,especially in axial length; for the intraocular lens forward of the surgical eyes at different axial lengths,the amount of accommodating human eye diopter was negatively correlated with axial length.

Objective To investigate the expression of Oct4 protein and analyze its correlation with the clinic pathological features and prognosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods The oct4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in 87 specimens of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 15 specimens of adjacent normal tissues.A correlation between Oct4 and clinic pathological features was analyzed.Results The positive rate of Oct4 protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer than that in normal bladder tissue (P＜0.01).The positive rate of Oct4 protein was 40.7％ in G1 bladder cancer,69.4％ in G2 bladder cancer and 91.7％ in G3 bladder cancer,and the differences was significant (P＜0.01).All patients were followed up for 3-78 months,and 63 of them relapsed.The expression of Oct4 protein was significantly higher in patients of recurrence than in non-recurrence (77.8％ ∶ 37.5％,P ＜ 0.01 ).21 patients of recurrence were in progression,and the expression of Oct4 protein had no significant differences between patients of progression and non-progression (71.4％ ∶65.2％,P ＞0.05).The positive rate of Oct4 protein was not related with gender,age,tumor number and size (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The detection of Oct4 protein is in favor of early detection of bladder tunor,estimation the degree of differentiation and surveillance for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of ileocecal valve in children patients with intussus-ceptions by colonoscopy after pneumatic air enema reduction. Methods A total of 106 intussusceptions chil dren patients, who recovered with pneumatic air edema reduction, were recruited to the study. They underwent colonoscopy within 12 hours after reduction. The control group was composed of 103 children patients with both diarrhea and hematochezia. There was no significant difference in age, sex or weight between the two groups.Colonoscopic findings were recorded in terms of slack, swelling, prolapsus, lymphoid hyperplasia and mucosal lesions in ileocecal valve. Results In patients with intussusceptions, the rates of ileocecal valve slack, swelling including prolapsus, lymphoid hyperplasia and mucosal lesions were 61.3%, 33. 9%, 100. 0% and 31.1%, respectively, which were significantly different with those of the control group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). When further divided intussusceptions patients into groups with age more than 1 yr or less, significant differences were also observed in regarding of these features. Conclusion There is a close relationship between morphological and functional changes in ileocecal valve and intussusceptions in children. Ileocolic intussusceptions in patients younger than 1yr is more likely to be due to slack of ileocecal valve, while that in patients older than 1yr is mainly due to swelling or prolapse of ileocecal valve, represented by ileocecal intussuception.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology and mechanism of carbapenem resistance of Escherichia coli collected from intensive care units(ICUs)of general surgery.Methods Agardilution were carried out to confirmed the drug-susceptibility,pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)were performed to analyze the molecular epidcmiology of carbapenem-resistance isolates.Specific PCR,DNA sequencing,conjugation experiments,plasmids extraction,plasmid transformation assays and SDS-PAGE of outer membrane proteins(OMPs)were carried to confirm genotype of carbapenemase and its transmission mechanism.Results PFGE showed the isolates belonged to 10 clonotype,and all the clinical isolates were resistant to β-lactams including imipenem and meropenem,but uncertain to aminoglycosides,specific PCR and DNA sequencing revealed that all isolates encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme gene,KPC-2.Plasmid DNA extraction and plasmid transformation assays from some isolates comfirmed that KPC-2 encoded on a 56 kb plasmid.SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that there are alterations in OMPs of Escherichia coli.Conclusion Escherichia coli isolates with carbapenem resistance are collected from our hospital,production of KPC-2 carbapenemase mainly contributed to reduced susceptibility of carbapenem in Escherichia coli,the alterations in OMPs may as a cofactor in high-level drug-resistance in Escherichia coli.