Bilingual teaching is an important method to train international medical students.While the current bottleneck problem is the shortage of teachers during the exploration and practice in bilingual teaching. Proceeding from requirements and current situation of bilingual teachers, the following approaches should be taken to strengthen the teaching stuff construction of bilingual teaching: demonstration teaching, language training infiltrated in clinic job, guiding foreign students, preparing bilingual teaching materials and professional team building.

Objective To observe the effect of rosuvastatin on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) of renal tissue in patients with the early-stage diabetic nephropathy.Methods Sixty patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy were divided into two groups by random digits table:rosuvastatin group and regular group.The patients were given 10 mg/d rosuvastatin besides the conventional treatment in rosuvastatin group.The levels of blood glucose,blood fat,renal function,high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),urine albumin excretion rate(UAER) and the expression of VCAM-1 were observed.Results Compared with those before treatment,the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),trtglyeride (TG) showed no decrease after treatment [(5.83 ± 1.02),(3.48 ±0.60),(7.12 ±0.99) mmol/L] in regular group (P ＞0.05),but significantly decreased in rosuvastatin group [ (4.51 ± 0.95 ),( 3.18 ± 0.47),(7.02 ± 0.87 ) mmol/L ] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels of UAER and hs-CRP were significantly decreased in regular group and rosuvastatin group after treatment [ (78.3 ±31.7),(53.8 ± 24.9) μ g/min,and (2.15 ± 0.48),( 1.59 ± 0.55) mg/L] (P＜ 0.01 ),then rosuvastatin groupwas more conspicuous than regular group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of VCAM-1 was less in rosuvastatin group than that in regular group.Conclusion Rosuvastatin can down-regulate the expression of VCAM-1 of kidney tissues in patients with the early-stage diabetic nephropathy and these indicate that rosuvastatin can reduce urine protein by inhibiting the inflammatory process.

Objective To elucidate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on advanced glycation end products-induced TGF-?_1,CTGF mRNA expression and oxidative stress in cultured NRK-49F cells.Methods From Jan.to Jul.2005,NRK-49F cells were incubated with serum-free medium with or without 25 mmol/L glucose as control.Cells were incubated with medium containing AGEs-BSA with or without 25 mmol/L glucose for 24 h.Cells were pretreated with EGb(50,100mg?mL -1)for 24 h to evaluate effects of EGb.And then intracellular ROS generation was measured by flowcytometry,expression of TGF-?_1 and CTGF mRNA were performed by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique.Results Compared with control,AGEs significantly increased the expression of TGF-?_1 and CTGF mRNA and intercellular ROS generation in NRK-49F cells.Incubation with both AGEs and high glucose(25 mmol/L)can upregulate TGF-?_1 and CTGF mRNA expression and intercellular ROS generation,compared with AGEs and high glucose(25 mmol/L)respectively.Preincubation with EGb attenuated AGEs-induced TGF-?_1 and CTGF mRNA overexpression and intercellular ROS generation.Conclusion Attenuation of AGEs-induced TGF-?_1 and CTGF mRNA overexpression in renal fibroblasts through scavenging of free radical and inhibition of oxidative stress may be one of mechanisms underlying EGb in prevention and therapy of DN.

Objective To investigate the oxidative DNA damage in lymphocyte of MHD patients and the effect of dialysis membrane on it through comet assay.Methods From 2003-05 to 2004-10 we selected 20 CRF patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and divided the patients into HE and PS group randomly.And 7 volunteers were chosen as controls.The patients in each group had undergone hemodialysis for 12 weeks using HE or PS membrane respectively.Then we took venous blood sample and separated lymphocyte.The oxidative DNA damage was measured by comet assay.Results The comet tail length of control group,HE group and PS group was(0.286?0.194)?m,(0.970?0.120)?m and(0.656?0.187)?m respectively.Compared with control group,the comet tail length of MHD patients was significantly longer(P

Objective To investigate the inhibition effect of plasma-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of monocyte chemotacite protein-1 (MCP-1) gene in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC).Methods Three pairs of siRNAs directed human's MCP-1 mRNA 67,116,142 targets were designed and synthesized.Eukaryotic expression vector special for MCP-1,pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅰ、pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅱ、pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅲ were constructed and transfected into HKC by lipofectamine.At 24 hour after transfection,the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of mRNA was detected by Real Time RT-PCR,and the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of protein was detected by Western blot.Results Transfection efficiency of siRNA expression vector was 60%;the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of mRNA and protein of three pairs of plasma-mediated siRNA group were markedly decreased compared with normal control group(P

Objectives To evaluate the function of peripheral blood T cell subsets in uremia patients and the influence of hemodialysis on them.Methods Expression of CD3,CD4 and CD8 antigen on peripheral blood T cells from 30 cases of hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients was evaluated by flow cytometry.Fifteen volunteers were also examined as normal controls.Results The expression of CD3,CD4,CD8 and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in non-hemodialysis group(NHD) was significantly lower than that of control group(P

Objective To investigate the risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the elderly persons undergone with dialysis.Methods One hundred and eighteen patients undergone with hemodialysis(HD)or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD)at the Eastern Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai during January 2002 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into four groups based oil their age and mode of dialysis, i.e., 44 patients in the elderly HD group(aged over 60years), 16 patients in the elderly CAPD group(aged over 60), 46 patients in medium-age HD group(aged under 60 years)and 12 patients in the medium-age CAPD group(aged under 60).Routine biochemical parameters were measured for all the patients and their difference was compared among the four groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors of cardiovascular complications.Results Pulse pressure(PP)was(66±21)mm Hg, serum level of triglycerides(TG)was(1.28±0.67)mmol/L, serum level of lipoprotein(a)[LP(a)]was(434±202)mg/L, C-reactive protein was(CRP)(21±15)mg/L, serum phosphorous(P3-)was(2.02±0.77)mmol/L, and product of serum calcium and phosphorous(Ca×P)was(4.3±1.6)mmol2/L2, respectively, in the elderly group with dialysis, all significantly higher than those in the medium-age group with dialysis(t=1.535, 1.016, 2.154, 2.252, 4.676, and 4.534, respectively, P＜0.05).Incidence of cardiovascular events was markedly lower in the CAPD group than that in the HD group(P＜0.05), either in the elderly or medium-aged patients.And, incidence of cardiovascular complications correlated positively with age, PP, LP(a), CRP and Ca×P of the patients with dialysis, but correlated reversely with serum level of albumin(all with P＜0.05).Conclusions There exist a few risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the elderly patients with dialysis, so proper mode of dialysis should be selected for those who need it and adequate intervention should be implemented for them to correct the risk factors.

40 cases of parotidectomy were reviewed.Anterograde approach(group A)and retrograde approach(group B)for facial nerve dissection were used in 1 7 and 23 cases respectively.1 patients in group A and 8 in group B presented symptoms of temporary facial nerve paralysis(P <0.05).The anterograde method is safer and quicker.

97 cases of jaw bone fractures were treated with rigid internal fixation.16 cases had malocclusion postoperation.The etiology was analyzed and the prevention methods were proposed.Intermaxillary elastic traction or fixation and craniomaxillofacial fixation or craniomentum elastic traction were performed to treat the malocclusion.By this way,14 cases were cured.1 case was operated again to resume the normal occlusion,1 case received occlusal adjustment.Incomplete reduction,incorrect operative performance,deficiency of postoperative intermaxillary fixation and incorrect intermaxillary fixation were the main causes to malocclusion.So anatomic in time reduction,correct operative performance,intermaxillary fixation,application of craniomaxillofacial fixation or craniomentum elastic traction instead of intermaxillary fixation for some special cases are effective methods to correct postoperative malocclusion.

To investigate the effect of C/EBP βon the neuroinflammation.Recently,neuroinflamma-tion research mainly focused on C/EBP β,more and more researches indicated that C/EBP βmay play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases.We searched the published papers in PubMed,CNKI,and Wan Fang date bases in June 2015.The key words were used asCCAAT enhancer binding protein beta,Neu-ron,Neuroinflammationand so on.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summaried and analyzed the literatures.Eventually,42 articles were adapted,most of which were foused on the functions and mechanisms of C/EBP βin neuroinflammation.C/EBP βparticipate in multiple signaling pathways of neu-roinflammation,and the regulation mechanism is complicated.Abrogation of C/EBPβexpression or its down-regulation by gene regulation may may serve as a therapeutic target to attenuate deleterious effects in neural tissue and ultimately prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.