MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs about 18-25 nucleotides in length,involved in post-transcriptional genes regulation process.Previous studies showed that miRNAs played an important regulatory role in pancreatic development,gene expression,and synthesis and secretion of insulin.A variety of miRNAs which expressed in islet β cells may affect the proliferation and differentiation of islet β cells.Since miRNAs showed tissue specificity,their expression changes were closely related to some diseases.Thus,integrative studies with miRNAs over the essence of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine could provide new ideas for the treatment of diabetes.

Objective To study the percentages of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), mononuclear cells (MNC) and fibroblastic cells (FBC) in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle me-chanical injury in rats. Methods The rat model of skeletal muscle mechanical injury was established. The rats were divided into injured groups (6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injury ) and con-trol group. The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in different post-traumatic intervals after skeletal muscle mechanical injury were assessed with HE staining and image analysis. Results At post-injury 6-12 h, the percentages of PMN and MNC infiltration appeared in injured sites and that of PMN reached peak. At 1 d, the percentage of MNC infiltration appeared and reached peak, while that of PMN de-creased. At 3-7 d, the percentage of FBC gradually increased, while that of PMN and MNC decreased. At 10-14 d, the percentage of FBC reached peak. Conclusion The percentages of PMN, MNC and FBC in injured zones showed time-dependent changes, which might be used as reference index for determination of age of skeletal muscle injury.

Objective To research the relation between the time-dependent appearances of myofibroblasts during the repair of contused skeletal muscle in rat and wound age determination. Methods A total of 35 SD male rats were divided into the control and six injured groups according to wound age as fol-lows: 12 h, 1 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injury. The appearances of myofibroblasts were detected by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Masson’s trichrome staining was utilized to examine collagen accumulation in the contused areas. Results Immunohistochemical stain-ing showed that α-SMA+ myofibroblasts were initially observed at 5 d post-injury. The average ratio of myofibroblasts was highest at 14 d post-injury, with all samples, ratios more than 50%. In the other five groups, the average of α-SMA positive ratios were less than 50%. The collagen stained areas in the contused zones, concomitant with myofibroblast appearance, were increasingly augmented along with ad-vances of posttraumatic interval. Conclusion The immunohistochemical detection of myofibroblasts can be applied to wound age determination. The myofibroblasts might be involved in collagen deposition during the repair of contused skeletal muscle in rat.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of the markers of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) after acute lung injury (ALI) induced by bone marrow extract (BME) injection in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-one rabbits were randomized into control (CG, n=10) and experimental groups (EG, n=21). The rabbits in EG were injected with homogeneous bone marrow extract (0.35 ml/kg, 2 ml/h) at a slow and continuous rate through the jugular vein to establish the model of ALI. At 6 h after the injection, the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in the blood, contents of granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the plasma and the content of GMP-140 in the pulmonary tissue were determined at various time intervals. Then the animals were killed and routine pathological examination and electron microscopy were performed to observe the changes in the pulmonary tissue. RESULTS: The levels of plasma GMP-140, ACE, ET-1 and CECs were significantly increased in the early stage (0.5 h) and remained higher for 6 h. The marked increase of plasma GMP-140 (3.25 times) in the early stage was negatively correlated to PaO(2), but positively to other parameters. IHC-staining showed that the GMP-140 on the surface of PVECs became weak. CONCLUSIONS: BME injection at slow and continuous rate can establish an acceptable model of ALI. Determination of plasma GMP-140 might be an important measure for the early surveillance and the evaluation of prognosis of ALI in clinical management of serious traffic accidents.

Objective To investigate the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in human gliomas and their correlation.Methods Sixty glioma samples,resected in our hospital from March 20,2010 to May 10,2014,were chosen in our study,and corroding to the WHO central nervous system tumor histological grading,they were divided into low-grade glioma group (grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ,n=26) and high-grade glioma group (grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,n=34);other 10 normal brain tissues were used as controls.Reverse transcription-PCR and SP immumohistochemical staining were used to detect the ICAM-Ⅰ and MMP-2 mRNA and protein expressions.Results (1) The ICAM-1 and MMP-2 mRNA expressions in normal brain tissues,low-grade glioma group and high grade glioma group were increased in sequence,with significant difference (P＜0.05);the positive rate of ICAM-1 protein expression in normal brain tissues,low-grade glioma group and high grade glioma group was 20％,46.1％ and 88.2％,with significant differences (P＜0.05),and that in MMP-2 protein expression was 10％,50％ and 91.1％,with significant differences (P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions ofICAM-1 and MMP-2 in gliomas were positively correlated (r=0.702,P=0.001).Conclusions The expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-2 are positively related to the malignant degrees of gliomas;the two may be useful reference factors to evaluate prognosis of human gliomas and potential targets for therapy.