Objective To investigate the characteristics of spontaneous discharges of hippocampal pyramidal cells (PC) in rats in age and memory groups with the help of nonlinear theory. Methods Rats were randomly divided into age group and memory group. Age group included aged group (16-19 months) and young group (3-4 months) whereas memory group included good memory and poor memory groups in adult. Extracellular single cell recording was performed in vivo . Results No characteristics of the rhythm of spontaneous discharges of hippocampal pyramidal cells in distribution figure of interspike interval(ISI) were found, but the loss of complexity(C) and low percentage of favored patterns(PF) were found in age and poor memory groups. Conclusion The ISI complexity and the PF of the hippocampal pyramidal cells are correlated to age and memory, suggesting that the analysis of the complexity and favored patterns may be helpful for the discovery of the characteristics of the information coding in spontaneous discharges of hippocampal pyramidal cells.

In the context of ongoing health reform,it is important to establish and improve the regulation system of public hospitals.By defining the concept of regulation,regulation theories for public hospitals,the regulation systems of the typical countries,the paper summarizes the international experience enlightenment to China's public hospital regulation reform.

Objective To summarize the condition of surgical treatment and prognosis of 54 cases of jugular foramen tumors in the past 5 years.Methods All 54 cases were treated with operation by Fisch approach.Thirty-eight cases underwent total or near total resection of the tumor.Most resection of the tumor was underwent in 16 cases,in which,7 cases underwent postoperative radiotherapy or gamma knife therapy.The facial nerve monitoring was used in all cases.The facial nerve was anatomized and shifted in 35 cases,was just anatomized like a bridge in 10 cases,and was excised partly in 9 cases,in which,4 cases underwent facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis and 3 cases underwent transplantation of facial nerve and great auricular nerve.Results The external auditory canal was closed in 41 cases.The near pedicled temporalis muscle flap was obliterated in the operating cavity in 35 cases.Six cases underwent fat filling in the operating cavity.Eighteen patients showed facial palsy in varying degrees after operation.Among them,14 cases improved to different extents in 2 weeks to 9 months and 4 cases did not improve.One case showed recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in the same side before operation and improved in half a year after operation.Postoperative subcutaneous hematoma occurred in 2 cases,wound infection in 1 case.All the cases improved by debridement suture and anti-infective therapy.The cavity filling necrosis occurred in 2 cases,which recovered after debridement and dressing.For half a year after operation,except 9 cases of residual or recurrent,and the rest showed no recurrence.Conclusion The Fisch approach of surgical treatment of jugular foramen tumors can provid good exposure,clear vision,facilitate hemostasis.The skills of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring,facial nerve anatomy like a bridge or anatomy and shift when necessary are beneficial to the total or nearly total resection of tumor and reduce the injury of facial nerve.The operating cavity filling and selective external auditory canal closure can effectively reduce the surgical cavity effusion and the incidence of postoperative infection.

Objective To investigated the influence of different combined treatment sequence of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and chemotherapy (CT) on the survival of very elderly patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer ( LAPC) .Methods The data of LAPC patients ≥60 years old treated by CyberKnife SBRT at Shanghai Changhai Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 was retrospectively analyzed.According to treatment sequences , patients were divided into three groups:CT+SBRT group ( first chemotherapy and then SBRT ) , SBRT+CT group ( first SBRT and then chemotherapy ) and CT+SBRT+CT group ( first chemotherapy , then SBRT and finally chemotherapy ) .Patients were recommended to receive a 6-month chemotherapy .Intravenous administration of 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine was initiated on day 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks or S-1 was orally given at a dose of 80 mg/m2 for 28 days followed by a 14-day rest , which repeated for 6 cycles.Radiotherapy parameters: the median total prescription dose was 36(30-45)Gy; the median per fraction dose was 7(5-9)Gy;the median number of fractions was 5(5-8) fractions;the median biological equivalent dose (BED10) were 61.92(48-85.5) Gy, respectively.The interval between SBRT and chemotherapy ranged from 2 to 3 weeks.Patients were followed every 3 months.The main outcome measures were overall survival ( OS) and median progression free survival ( PFS) .Second outcome measure was adverse events.Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0) was employed to evaluate adverse events , and RTOG/EORTC was used to assess the adverse events of radiotherapy .Overall survival (OS) and PFS were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the independent risk factors .Results A total of 260 patients were enrolled in the study , including 28 patients treated with CT+SBRT, 163 patients undergoing SBRT +CT and 69 patients treated with CT+SBRT+CT.The median OS and PFS were 13.2(95％CI 12.8-13.6)months and 8.2(95％CI 7.7-8.7)months, respectively.OS in CT +SBRT, SBRT +CT and CT +SBRT +CT group was 12.2 (10.9-13.9),13.4 ( 12.9-13.9 ) and 13.1 ( 12.7-13.5 ) months, and the differences were not statistically significant(P=0.425).PFS in CT+SBRT, SBRT+CT and CT+SBRT+CT group was 6.4(5.9-6.9), 8.3(7.8-8.8) and 8.2(7.2-9.2)months, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.008).In univariate analysis , ECOG, SIRI, the extent of decreased CA 19-9 after treatment and BED 10 were important factors of OS.In multivariate analysis, the CA19-9 response and BED10 were independent factors for OS . Multivariate analysis showed that the extent of decreased CA 19-9 after treatment and BED 10 were important factors of OS.In CT+SBRT group, patients had lower ECOG score (χ2 =115.325,P<0.001) and earlier clinical staging (χ2 =24.788, P<0.001 ).In SBRT +CT group, patients had advanced staging (χ2 =159.759,P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis(χ2 =40.925,P<0.001).Only 1 patient experienced grade 3 radiotherapy associated duodenitis .The adverse events of patients who were first treated by chemotherapy included grade 3 neutropenia in 4 patients and grade 3 gastrointestinal reaction in 5 patients.The adverse events of patients who were first treated by radiotherapy included grade 3 neutropenia or/and leucopenia in 18 patients and grade 3 abdominal pain, nausea or vomit in 16 patients.The adverse events of CT +SBRT+CT patients included grade 3 neutropenia or/and leucopenia in 4 patients and grade 3 abdominal pain or nausea in 5 patients.There was no grade ≥4 adverse events.Conclusions For very elderly patients with LAPC , the survival of patients who received pre-SBRT chemotherapy , post-SBRT chemotherapy and pre-and post-SBRT chemotherapy was comparable , but SBRT+CT group and CT +SBRT+CT group had longer PFS than CT +SBRT group.