Objective To evaluate the effects of robot-assisted gait training on the lower limb motor functions of in hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Forty stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were treated with routine rehabilitation therapies for 60 min daily in 6 weeks.The patients in the treatment group were given robot-assisted gait training for 30 min daily for 6 weeks.The lower limb part of Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) , the Ueda Satoshi standardized hemiplegic function scale and the functional ambulation categories (FAC) were used to evaluate the lower limb motor function before and after the sixweeks of therapies.Results There were no significant difference between the two groups before treatment with regard to all the three assessment measurements.After 6 weeks of treatment, both groups significantly improved in terms of the scores with FMA, the grade of Ueda Satoshi standardized hemiplegic function scale and the FAC (P ＜0.05).But the treatment group had significantly greater improvement than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The robot-assisted gait training can supplement the routine rehabilitation therapies in improving lower limb motor function in stroke patients.

Objective Detecting the influence of swainsonine bring in the expression of N?glycan of osteosarcoma tumor stem cells. Methods LM8 cells were cultured in the culture medium (free of serum), then selected the LM8 cells of both CD44 and CD133 positive by magnetic activated cell sorting technique. Detecting the levels ofβ1, 6 branch N?glycan expression in the selected LM8 cells (treating by different doses of N?glycosylation inhibitor swainsonine) surface through the lectin binding assay (L?PHA). Results (96.5 ± 1.2)%of LM8 cells were both CD133 and CD44 positive which selected from all the LM8 cells in culture medium (free of serum) by magnetic activated cell sorting technique. Lectin binding assays shown that the bound rare of osteosarcoma tumor stem cells and L?PHA was (90.3 ± 2.1)%, which was higher than normal LM8 cells and L?PHA by (54.3 ± 3.1)%(P<0.05). The positive rare ofβ1, 6 branch N?glycan on the selected LM8 cells(treat with 1mg/mL swainsonine) surface was 90%. The positive rare of β1, 6 branch N?glycan on the selected LM8 cells (treat with 5mg/mL swainsonine) surface was 21%. Conclusion N?glycosylation inhibitor swainsonine plays a role in inhibiting the expression of N?glycan on cell surface of osteosarcoma tumor stem cell.

OBJECTIVE: To identify Pogostemon cablin and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis in Huoxiang zhengqi pills by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. METHODS:Pogostemon cablin and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis in Huoxiang zhengqi pills were extracted by ultrasound extraction technology and identified on SPB-1701 column(30 m?0.25 mm?0.25 ?m) with He as carrier gas and EI as ion source at an electron energy of 70 eV. RESULT:The main components such as Patchouli alcohol from Pogostemon cablin,and Magnolol and Honokiol from Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis were identified simultaneouly. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,rapid,accurate and reliable,and applicable for the quality control of Huoxiang zhengqi pills.

According to characteristics of gait-assisted training, exoskeleton-based lower limb rehabilitation robot can be classified into treadmill-based exoskeleton robot and over-ground exoskeleton robot. Both kinds of exoskeleton-based lower limb rehabilitation robot have been applied in stroke rehabilitation, both in subacute and chronic stages, that may do something in gait training, balance improvement and lower limb motor function recovery.

Objective To observe the antihypertensive effect of compound Yibazhen granules on spontaneous hypertensive rats ( SHR) . Methods Wistar rats were served as normal control group. Sixty SHR were randomly divided into model control group,captopril group,Jane chrysanthemum antihypertension tablet group and compound high dose group,middle dose group and low dose group ( n = 10 each group ) by digital table method. Captopril group was given captopril 30 mg.kg-1 .d-1 ,and Jane chrysanthemum antihypertension tablet group was treated with Jane chrysanthemum antihypertension tablet ( 0. 6 tablet per kg ) , compound Yibazhen granules high dose group, middle dose group and low dose group received compound of 13.18,6.59 and 3.3 mg.kg-1 .d-1 ,respectively. Normal control group and model control group were intragastrically administered with 0.9% sodium chloride solution for 8 weeks. Changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of rats and blood urea,creatinine,nitric oxide (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) were observed. Results Diastolic pressure of rats in compound Yibazhen granules high dose group, middle dose group and low dose group decreased significantly in 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of compound Yibazhen granules high dose group decreased significantly in 4 weeks,compared with the model control group (P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, concentration of urea and crea in compound Yibazhen granules high dose group, middle dose group and low dose group were significantly lower( P<0.05) . The content of NOS and AngⅡ in rats of compound Yibazhen granules high dose group decreased significantly and the contents of NO increased, which were compared with the model control group ( P<0. 05, P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The protective effect of compound Yibazhen granules in treating early renal damage in SHR is related to decreasing diastolic blood pressure,concentration of urea,crea and AngⅡ and regulating the levels of NOS and NO.

Objective To prepare and identify monoclonal antibody against LRR-WSC domain of polycystin-1 and to investigate the distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and kidney cell lines. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with fusion protein PC1-e of polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. The splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells by PEG 4000 and the hybridomas were selected in HAT medium. The hybridoma clones secreting antibodies against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity of anti-polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain monoclonal antibody from hybridoma was verified by ELISA and Western blot. The distribution of polycystin-1 in tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results One cell line of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 was established. Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted strongly and specifically to polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. Distribution of polycystin-1 in fetal kidney was localized in tubular epithelium. In normal adult kidney tissues, our study showed that polycystin-1 was mainly expressed in the medullary collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. Positive staining was also found in the majority of cyst-lining epithelial ceEs of cystic tissue from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( ADPKD) patients. Expressions of polycystin-1 were found in either ADPKD cyst-lining epithelia cell line and LLC-PK1, clearly plasma membrane and intracytoplasmic staining of polycystin-1 were observed. Conclusion Specific monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were obtained. The antibody is important to researching the mechanism of ADPKD. The distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and cells show that polycystin-1 was important in tubular elongation and the maintenance of tubular architecture.

Background and purpose:Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), which has been found over-expressed in a variety of cancer cells, takes part in the drug resistance of cancer through effux of anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of human glioblastoma cells sensitivity to pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) eradicating tumour cells and its relationship to ABCG2.Methods:U87 and A172 glioma cell lines in the logarithmic growth phase were selected and exposed to the treatment of MPPa-PDT and MPPa-PDT+fumitremorgin C (FTC) respectively. The cell viability was measured with the use of CCK-8 assay. The expression of ABCG2 was detected by Western blot. The intracellular contents of MPPa in each group without illumination were tested by lfow cytometry. Flow cytometry with AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect the cell apoptotic rate. DCFH-DA staining was used to assess the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results:The MPPa-mediated PDT could eradicate A172 and U87 cancer cells in an energy-dependent manner. The light energy density in A172 was 8 times of that in U87 when the cell viability reached median lethal dose after MPPa-mediated PDT. The high expression of ABCG2 in A172 cells affected the accumulation of intracellular MPPa. Inhibition of ABCG2, not only could enhance the eradicating effect of MPPa-PDT on A172 cells, but also could increase the yield of ROS triggered by MPPa-PDT and the accumulation of intracellular MPPa.Conclusion:The human glioblastoma cell line A172 is insensitive to MPPa-mediated PDT. The mechanism may relate to ABCG2, which decreases the MPPa content in cancer cells through effux of MPPa, resulting in decline of cytotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral blood samples in breast cancer. Methods From July 2017 to April 2018, 47 patients with BMC (7 in stage Ⅱ, 19 in stage Ⅲ and 21 in stage Ⅳ), 24 patients with benign breast diseases and 28 healthy people were selected. After collecting peripheral blood samples, serum and blood cells were separated. The size-based high-throughput microfluidic chip was used to capture CTCs. The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR based on Alu sequence was used to detect the length of cfDNA(247 bp, 115 bp)in the serum, and the ratio of amplified products of long and short fragments was used as the index of DNA integrity. The Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences between the groups and analyze the relationship between CTCs and cfDNA and clinical parameters of breast cancer. The ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the feasibility of blood cell CTCs and plasma cfDNA detection as diagnostic criteria. Results The CTCs and cfDNA of 47 BMC patients were analyzed. The CTCs and cfDNA integrity index (Alu 247/115) of BMC patients were significantly higher than those of physical examination patients[(13.98± 12.36)cells / ml vs (1.14 ± 1.35) cells / ml; 0.7687 ± 0.3868 vs 0.5094 ± 0.2456], and the difference was statistically significant(the U value was 126.5,359.0;P<0.001), the area under ROC curve of CTCs was 0.885 (95％CI: 0.805-0.965), cut-off value was 7.68/ml, sensitivity was 80.4％, specificity was 96.4％. The area under ROC curve of Alu 247/115 was 0.727(95％CI: 0.608-0.847), cut-off value was 0.431, sensitivity was 71.7％, specificity was 71.4％. The AUC of CTCs and Alu 247/115 was 0.919 (95％CI 0.854-0.984), which was higher than the single test of each indicator. Conclusions CTCs and cfDNA may be the potential biological indicators for breast cancer diagnosis. The combined detection of CTCs and cfDNA maybe improve the diagnosis rate of breast cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and associated influencing factors of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among HD patients from 11 centers in Beijing city from April 2017 to June 2017. A neuropsychological battery covering domains of attention/processing speed, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function was applied in cognitive function assessment. Patients were classified as normal cognitive function group and cognitive impairment group according to the fifth version of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders criteria (DSM-V). Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Results:A total of 613 HD patients were included in the study, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 80.91% (496/613). Attention impairment (81.05%) and memory impairment (63.51%) were the most common impaired domains, and 79.23% was concomitant impairment across two or more cognitive domains among those with cognitive impairment. Compared with the patients in the normal cognitive function group, the patients in the cognitive impairment group had senior age, longer dialysis vintage, higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, higher level of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), lower education level, and lower urea clearance index (Kt/V) (all P<0.05). Factors were independently associated with cognitive impairment including increasing age ( OR=1.110, 95% CI 1.072-1.150, P<0.001), education time>12 years (with education time<6 years as reference, OR=0.323, 95% CI 0.115-0.909, P=0.032), history of diabetes ( OR=2.151, 95% CI 1.272-3.636, P=0.004), history of stroke ( OR=2.546, 95% CI 1.244-5.210, P=0.011), increased dialysis vintage ( OR=1.016, 95% CI 1.010-1.022, P<0.001), reduced Kt/V( OR=0.008, 95% CI 0.002-0.035, P<0.001), and increased iPTH level ( OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.002-1.003, P=0.012). Conclusions:The prevalence of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly adult Chinese patients undergoing HD is high. Memory and attention are the most commonly impaired domains. Increasing age, low education level, history of diabetes and stroke, increased dialysis vintage, reduced Kt/V and increased serum iPTH are the independent influencing factors associated with cognitive impairment.

Objective:To investigate the association between cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality in middle and elderly adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients from 11 HD centers in Beijing between April and June 2017 were enrolled. Baseline data were collected, and a series of neuropsychological batteries covered 5 domains of cognitive function were applied for the assessment of cognitive function. The patients were then classified as normal and cognitive impairment groups according to the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria (DSM-V) and followed-up until June 2018. The clinical characteristics of the two groups of patients were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the difference in the cumulative survival rate between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of all-cause mortality, to determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and different cognitive domain impairments and all-cause death.Results:A total of 613 patients were enrolled, of which 496(80.91%) patients had cognitive impairment. Compared with the normal cognitive function group, the patients in the cognitive impairment group tended to be older, longer dialysis vintage, a higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, increased serum iPTH level, and lower education level and urea clearance index (Kt/V) (all P<0.05). After (49.53±8.42) weeks of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of cognitive impairment group was significantly lower than that of cognitive normal group (Log-rank χ2=8.610, P=0.003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that history of diabetes ( HR=2.742, 95% CI 1.598-4.723, P<0.001), coronary heart disease ( HR=1.906, 95% CI 1.169-3.108, P=0.010), dialysis vintage (every increase of 1 month, HR=1.007, 95% CI 1.003-1.011, P=0.001), serum level of albumin (every increase of 1 g/L, HR=0.859, 95% CI 0.809-0.912, P<0.001), cognitive impairment ( HR=2.719, 95% CI 1.088-6.194, P=0.032) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis on different cognitive domains also indicated that memory impairment ( HR=2.571, 95% CI 1.442-4.584, P<0.001), executive function impairment ( HR=3.311, 95% CI 1.843-5.949, P=0.001) and three, four, five domains combined impairment ( HR=5.746, 95% CI 1.880-17.565, P=0.002; HR=12.420, 95% CI 3.690-41.802, P<0.001; HR=13.478, 95% CI 3.381-53.728, P<0.001) were independently related to all-cause mortality. Conclusions:Cognitive impairment is an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality in middle and elderly adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, and the risk is significantly increased in patients with the impairment of the domains of memory, executive function, or in the combination of three to five cognitive domains.