Objective Perform a quantitative analysis on the development stage of Universal Health Coverage (UHC)in China and discuss key options for scaling up UHC in China.Methods Quantitative addition model was used to analyze the UHC trend in China from 2003-2011,along with a sensitivity analysis and international comparison with the UK.Results The quantitative analysis showed that the UHC in China,for the year of 2003,2008 and 2011 were 2.79,2.32 and 2.60 respectively.Sensitivity analysis showed the integration of the health insurance schemes and scaling up the risk pooling levels contributed more than other factors to UHC in China.Conclusion The UHC in China has been developed to the mid-stage,but still lags far behind developed countries like the UK.Such general measures as equalization of benefits and scaling up of the risk pooling level should be taken.First of all,equalization of medical benefits for both rural and urban residents makes the fundamental priority and policy in the pursuit of UHC in China.

In the evaluation of regional health planning as conducted in various parts of the country, there exist many possibilities with regard to the evaluation subject, evaluation content, evaluation model, and evaluation criteria. The paper analyzes these possibilities and their effect on the evaluation results and puts forward operational suggestions for such evaluation. With regard to the evaluation subject, the key role ought to be given to external evaluators, with internal evaluators playing an auxiliary role. With regard to the evaluation content, it is appropriate for the local governments or health administrative departments to conduct continuous plan evaluation and implementation evaluation, whereas policy evaluation ought to be conducted with the help of external evaluators such as academic societies. With regard to operability, it is proper for the local governments to conduct routine and periodic evaluations with fixed goals. The paper also discusses the realistic meanings embodied in various situations and solutions in case of a gap between the rational goals, planned goals and current index values in the evaluation of regional health planning. [

Objective:Based on the perspective of Universal Health Coverage(UHC),a mathematical model was developed to conduct quantitative study on the development status of Basic Medical Insurance Schemes(BMIS) in China.Methods:A mixed model was developed to conduct quantitative study on the development of BMIS in the period of 2003-2015 from five dimensions:coverage of population,benefit package,reimbursement rate,risk pooling level and unity of the schemes.Sensitivity analysis was also performed.Results:The UHC scores for BMIS in China from 2003 to 2015 fluctuated obviously.Given the range of 0-100 percent,the UHC score in 2003 was 52.2％,28.5％ in 2006,23.9％ in 2010 and 26.5％ in 2015.The integration and equalization of BMIS and scaling up the risk pooling levels were shown to contribute significantly to UHC.Conclusion:The construction of mixed models was developed to provide a new calculation assessment tool for measuring the UHC,which consisted of completed evaluation tool package with addition model and multiplication model.Considering the future development of UHC,there is a still long way to go for BMIS in China.Emphases should be given to integration and equalization of BMIS as well as scaling up the risk polling to provincial and national level.

Tibia shaft fracture is the most common long bone fractures clinically and intramedullary nail fixation is the best choice due to superior biomechanical characteristics for unstable tibia shaft fractures.At present,the common approaches for intramedullary nail insertion are divided into supra-patellar approach and infra-patellar approach.The semi-extended position of supra-patellar approach contributes to better fracture reduction but lead to potential patella-femoral cartilage injury.In contrast,flexion or hyper-flexion position of infra-patellar approach might result in unsatisfactory fracture reduction,then have an impact on clinical outcome.Therefore,the clinical outcome might be different because of approach choice.However,there is no consensus about the optimal surgical approach for intramedullary nailing.Thus,we performed the review to discuss the approaches for tibia intramedullary nailing and compare their strengths and weaknesses.

Background and purpose:Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women and its malignant proliferation is the major cause of death. To investigate the effects of N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) on proliferation of breast cancer cells by using two parallel cell lines (MCF-7 and LM-MCF-7) with different metastatic abilities.Methods:The expression level of NDRG2 in breast cancer cells was detected by Western blot. The effects of overexpressing (or down-regulating) NDRG2 on proliferation of breast cancer cells were investigat-ed by lfow cytometry. The expression and location of β-catenin were detected by Western blot and immunolfuorescence respectively. NDRG2 blocking the transcription activity of β-catenin was investigated via co-transfecting MCF-7 cells with NDRG2 siRNA and pCMV-Tcfδ (lacking the portion responsible for the protein binding to DNA).Results:The expression level of NDRG2 was negatively related to the proliferation ability of breast cancer cells. Over-expressing NDRG2 (or down-regulating) via transfecting LM-MCF-7 (or MCF-7) cells with pCMV-NDRG2 (or NDRG2 siRNA) could inhibit (or promote) cell proliferation. Interestingly, the results of Western blot, immunolfuorescence and lfow cytometry revealed that down-regulation of NDRG2 resulted from the down-regulation of β-catenin and blocking its nuclear translocation, which led to losing control of the proliferation of breast cancer cells.Conclusion:NDRG2 inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells via down-regulating the expression of β-catenin and blocking its nuclear translo-cation, which is signiifcant for exploring the molecular mechanism of proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Public hospital reform pilots have been initiated recently and it is necessary to clarify some key issues. To this end, thispaper touches upon six fundamental issues, discussing the generality and value for the existence of public hospitals, differences between reforms of public hospital and those of state-owned enterprise, the public financing for and regulation on public hospitals, relationship with the private sector, as well as service and function positioning of public hospitals.

Objective To explore neuroprotective effects of blonanserin on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells. Meth?ods PC12 cells were divided into four groups:control group (C group), H2O2-treated group (H group), blonanserin pretreat?ed group (B group) and positive control group (vitamin E- pretreated, E group). The effects of different concentrations of blonanserin (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μmol·L-1) on cell proliferation in PC 12 cells were observed. MTT assay was used to detect the cell activity of different groups. The apoptotic rates of different groups were measured by TUNEL assay. The mor?phological changes were observed using inverted microscope and Hoechst 33258 staining. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) vi?ability and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detecded by biochemical methods in four groups. Results The appropriate concentration of blonanserin (0-20 μmol·L-1) can promote the growth of PC12 cells. Comparing with the C group, the apoptot?ic rate and MDA level were increased in group H, while the cell viability and the SOD viability were decreased obviously ( P<0.05). Compared with H group, the cell viability, SOD viability were significantly increased, while the MDA level and apoptotic rate were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Blonanserin shows neuroprotective effect on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells.

Objective To analyze the optimal scales of secondary public hospitals so as to optimize the expansion of public hospitals.Methods Forty-six secondary public general hospitals in Beijing were selected as the sample,with input and output indicators pinpointed,for analysis of the status of economic return to scale of such hospitals from 1996 to 2012,and identification of inflexion points of the returns to scale.These efforts will help find an optimal scale of such hospitals.Resalts The period from 1996 to 2012 found the general effectiveness of such hospitals in a decline.In 2012,only 4 of the 46 hospitals were in DEA effectiveness status,and the other 42 hospitals were not; Forty-three inflexion points were identified.This study found that the strict control standards for secondary public general hospitals in Beijing were 298 beds and 585 staffs; the flexible control standards were 421 beds and 807 staffs.Conclclsion The optimal scales for secondary public hospitals were drown from the analysis,for references of other regions in China.The hospitals should prioritize resources efficiency instead of scale expansion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) on the proliferative activity of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and its potential regulating mechanism. METHODS: The cultured HepG2 cells were treated with recombinant HMGB1 (0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL, respectively) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was observed by MTT analysis. Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 protein and mRNA, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, HMGB1 at 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL obviously increased HepG2 cells proliferation, cyclin D1 and PCNA protein and mRNA expression after the treatment for 24 h, respectively (P<0.05). Anti-HMGB1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and cyclin D1 and PCNA mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1 on HepG2 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Proliferation of HMGB1 on HepG2 cells may be associated with increasing cyclin D1 and PCNA expression. Anti-HMGB1 may have a therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin D1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; HMGB1 Protein ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective:To compare the efficacy of staged versus elective operation for treating acute closed fracture-dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint complex.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 26 patients with acute closed fracture-dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint complex admitted to Tongji Hospital of Tongji University from January 2017 to January 2021, of whom 18 were males and 8 were females, aged 32-52 years [(44.3±5.2)years]. According to the time from injury to admission, 14 patients admitted within 8 hours after injury underwent staged surgical treatment (staged group), and 12 patients admitted more than 8 hours after injury underwent elective surgery (elective group). In the staged group, emergency reduction and temporary internal fixation with K-wire were done under the supervision of a C-arm X-ray machine in the first stage, while after the swelling subsided, open reduction and internal fixation were done for tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocation in the second stage. In the elective group, open reduction and internal fixation were performed for tarsometatarsal joint fracture-dislocation on a scheduled basis after the swelling subsided. The operation time, hospitalization time and fracture healing time were recorded. The visual analogue score (VAS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score were evaluated before operation, at 1, 6, 12 months after operation and at the final follow-up. The rate of complications was observed after operation.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-24 months [(18.5±3.8)months]. The operation time, hospitalization time and fracture healing time in the staged group were (77.3±5.6)minutes, (14.3±2.2)days and (12.3±1.2)weeks, respectively, significantly shorter than those in the elective group [(101.5±7.5)minutes, (20.3±5.2)days and (14.3±2.2)weeks] (all P<0.01). VAS significantly decreased and AOFAS midfoot score significantly increased in both groups as postoperative time increased (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS between the two groups before operation, at 12 months after operation or at the final follow-up (all P>0.05). The VAS at 1, 6 months after operation was (4.4±0.8)points and (2.1±0.4)points in the staged group, significantly lower than those in the elective group [(6.0±1.0)points and (3.5±0.6)points] (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in preoperative AOFAS midfoot score between the two groups ( P>0.05). The AOFAS midfoot score at 1, 6, 12 months after operation and at the final follow-up was (67.6±4.5)points, (75.7±5.2)points, (83.6±2.2)points and (85.9±4.3)points in the staged group, significantly higher than those in the elective group [(60.2±3.9)points, (70.2±3.4)points, (75.4±3.3)points and (78.7±4.4)points] (all P<0.01). The rate of complications was 14.3% (2/14) in the staged group, significantly lower than that in the elective group [33.3% (4/12)] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared to traditional elective surgery, staged surgery for acute closed fracture-dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint complex has the advantages of shortened operation time, hospitalization time and fracture healing time, eary pain relief, improved functional recovery of the foot and reduced postoperative complications.