Firstly, the concept of the construction of standardized psychological consulting room and the current situation of Mental Health Education in foreign countries is proposed. Secondly, the present state and the existing problems in the construction of psychological consulting room in our country university are analyzed. Thirdly, the necessity and significance of the construction of standardized psychological consulting room is discussed, And finally, some suggestions are put forward to promote the construction of standardized psychological consulting room in our country university.

0 05). Between the patients with high level of serum HBV-DNA and the ones with low level of serum HBV-DNA, both the quantity and positive rate of HBV-DNA in PBMC had a significant difference (P

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilatorassociated pneumonia.MethodsData of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) from January 1991 to June 2010 were collected,and data were split into two groups,namely draining group and non-draining group.Meta analysis of ventilator-associated pneumonia was carried out for finding the incidence and mortality in patients with mechanical ventilation using the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.ResultsSeven RCTs met the inclusion criteria and 1647 patients were enrolled.Subglottic secretion drainage reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia ( OR =0.45,95％ confidence interval [CI]:0.32 - 0.63 ),primarily by reducing early-onset pneumonia.But the mortalities of ventilator associated pneumonia were not significantly different between the two groups ( OR =1.03,95％ confi dence interval [CI]:0.75 - 1.41 ).ConclusionsSubglottic secretion drainage appeared effective in preventing ventilator associated pneumonia among patients expected to require ＞48 hours of mechanical ventilation,but the mortality was unchanged.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sedation with propofol or dexmedetomidine on volume responsiveness in critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure. Methods Ninety?one critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure, aged 20-90 yr, weighing 40-80 kg, requiring sedation with propofol or dexmedetomidine, of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ scores 12-47, of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores 1-18, and of NYHA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table: propofol group ( n = 45 ) and dexmedetomidine group ( n=46) . Before and after propofol or dexmedetomidine sedation, when Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score reached -2 or -1 ( BIS value 60-75) ( after sedation) , passive leg?raising (PLR) test was performed to evaluate volume responsiveness. An increase in cardiac index (ΔCI) ≥10% after PLR was considered to be a positive response, whereas ΔCI<10% after PLR was considered to be a negative response. The patients who presented with negative responses before sedation served as negative volume responsiveness subgroups ( N subgroups ) , that was PN subgroup and DN subgroup. Results The positive rates of volume responsiveness were 64% ( 14 cases) and 25% ( 5 cases) in PN and DN subgroups, respectively. The positive rates of volume responsiveness were significantly higher after sedation than before sedation in PN and DN subgroups. Compared with DN subgroup, the positive rates of volume responsiveness were significantly increased after sedation in PN subgroup. Conclusion For the critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure, both propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation can improve volume responsiveness, and propofol provides better efficacy than dexmedetomidine.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at Ganshu (BL18) and Zusanli (ST36) on depression state and gastrointestinal motility and relevant protein expressions in brain of rats with stress-induced depressive functional dyspepsia. Methods Totally 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal, model, electroacupuncture (EA) and sham-operation group, with 12 rats in each group. Depressive functional dyspepsia model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress protocols. From day 15 to day 28, the EA group was given electroacupuncture at BL18 and ST36, and the sham-operation group was stimulated by electroacupuncture at 1/3 and 2/3 of the tail. Body weight test, open field test and sucrose preference test were measured on day 0, day 14 and day 28. After 14-day administration, gastric residual volume and intestinal propulsion rate of semisolid paste were detected. The expression of βCaMK inⅡ lateral habenulas and BDNF in hippocampus were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the weight, the sucrose preference rate, the behavior score, the small intestinal propulsion rate of semisolid paste and the expression of BDNF in hippocampus decreased significantly both in the model group and sham-operation group (P<0.01), and the gastric residual volume of semisolid paste and the expression of βCaMK inⅡ lateral habenulas increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the weight, the sucrose preference rate, the behavior score, the small intestinal propulsion rate of semisolid paste and the expression of BDNF in hippocampus increased significantly in EA group (P<0.01), and the gastric residual volume of semisolid paste and the expression of βCaMK inⅡ lateral habenulas decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the sham-operation group, the expression of βCaMKⅡ in lateral habenulas decreased significantly, the expression of BDNF in hippocampus increased significantly in EA group (P<0.01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Ganshu (BL18) and Zusanli (ST36) can improve depression and gastrointestinal motility of rats with depressive functional dyspepsia, which may be related to the inhibition of βCaMK inⅡ lateral habenulas and the activation of BDNF in hippocampus dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND:Hyperbaric oxygen as a wel-recognized therapy for ischemic and hypoxic diseases has to be combined with other treatments. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen combined with neural stem cel transplantation via tail vein in chronic stress depression rats. METHODS:Of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats, 15 rats randomly selected were given no treatment as normal group, and the rest 45 ones were used to establish a rat model of depression and randomly divided into three groups:model group (n=15, without giving any treatment), neural stem cel group (n=15, injection of 1 mL neural stem cel suspension (3×106) via the tail vein) and combined group (n=15, hyperbaric oxygen treatment plus neural stem cel injection). Hyperbaric oxygen treatments were carried out four times per day, for 1 week, and al the treatments were given 24 hours after modeling. Rats in each group were subjected to body mass measurement and sugar water consumption test 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, and open field test within 5 minutes after treatment to observe rat behavior changes. The survival and distribution of CM-Dil labeled neural stem cel s were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The changes in the size, morphology and number of hippocampus neurons in rat were detected by the method of nylon staining. TUNEL method was used to measure the apoptosis of nerve cel s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, in the model group, rat’s body weight, sucrose water preference and open field test scores were significantly lower, reduced number of hippocampal neurons with intact structure was found and TUNEL results showed more apoptosis (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the body weight, sucrose preference and open field test score increased significantly (P<0.05), the number of hippocampal neurons was increased, while the number of apoptotic cel s was reduced significantly in the neural stem cel and combined groups (P<0.05). Compared with the neural stem cel group, these indexes were improved more significantly in the combined group (P<0.05). More CM-Dil positive cel s were found in the combined group than the neural stem cel group (P<0.05). Additional y, the number of hippocampal neurons was higher in the combined group than the neural stem cel group, but lower than the normal group. To conclude, transplantation of neural stem cel s combined with hyperbaric oxygen can improve the depression behavior and apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons in chronic stress depression rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of direct hemoperfusion with polymixin B-immobilized fiber (DHP-PMX) in patients with sepsis. Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science databases and identified relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) from January 1995 to May 2010. Meta-analysis of DHP-PMX on mortality and levels of endotoxin in patients with sepsis were conducted using the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results Eleven RCTs were included.Eight of them included the mortality of patients (sample size: 211 DHP-PMX and 178 conventional medical therapy). In total, the mortalities of patients with sepsis in DHP-PMX group and conventional group were 37.4% (79/211) and 68.5% (122/178) respectively. Compared with the conventional medical therapy,DHP-PMX appeared to significantly reduce mortality ( OR =0.24,95% CI 0.16-0.38 ,P ＜0.000 01 ). The results were similar when two RCTs enrolling patients with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were excluded( OR =0. 27,95% CI 0. 17-0. 45, P ＜0. 000 01 ). When the analysis was limited to the nine studies that reported 28- to 30-day mortality, results were unchanged( OR =0. 29,95% CI 0.17-0.48 ,P ＜0.000 01 ). Six RCTs had the available data of endotoxin. The level of endotoxin decreased 31 ng/L(95% CI 22.46-39.55 ) after DHP-PMX therapy, and the decreasing was statistically significant (P＜0. 000 01 ) ,while the level of endotoxin in patients of conventional group did not change (P =0.94).Conclusions This study suggests a favorable effects of DHP-PMX on mortality and endotoxin decreasing in patients with sepsis. However, lack of enough cases and blinding need to be considered. Further investigation with large sample of high quality RCTs is needed.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of ventilator circuit change frequency on ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsMeta-analysis of effects of ventilator circuit change frequency on VAP was conducted with study-level data from 1995 to 2010 in Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science databases.ResultsNine articles were included (sample size:20 326 mechanically ventilated patients).Analysis of six articles showed that the incidence of VAP in ventilator circuit change every 2 or 3 days was 4.05％,while 3.65％ in ventilator circuit change every 7 days.Compared with change ventilator circuit every 2 or 3 days,the risk ratio (RR) of VAP in weekly changes was 0.77 [0.54,1.09] ( P =0.14 ).Analysis three articles showed that compared to ventilator circuit change every 7 days with 15.89％ incidence of VAP,the incidence of VAP in circuit change more than 14 days was 14.9％,and RR was 0.98 [0.69,1.39](P =0.91 ).ConclusionsRegular ventilator circuit change frequency in various intervals can't difference in the incidence of VAP in mechanical ventilation patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)used after extubation on mortality and rate of reintubation in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).Method Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science databases were searched to collect data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of the relevant subject from January 1995 to May 2010. Meta analysis of data about NPPV on mortality and rate of reintubation in patients after extubation carried out by using the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results Six RCTs included sample size of 381 NPPV and 379routine medical care. In total, the mortalities of patients in NPPV group and routine medical care group were 18.6% (62/334) vs. 21.6% (72/333), respectively, and the rates of reintubation of the two groups were 30.2% (115/381) vs. 33.5% (127/379), respectively. Compared with routine medical care, NPPV did not significantly reduce the mortality ( OR: 0.83, 95% CI =0.57 ～ 1.21 ,P =0.34) and rate of reintuation( OR: 0.83, 95% CI = 0.59 ～ 1.16, ( P = 0.27). When the analysis was focused to the four studies of them in which patients received NPPV as soon as extubation, the results were quite different. From these four studies, the mortalities of patients in NPPV group and routine medical care group were 12. 2% (22/181) vs.23.9% (44/184),(P=0.004), and the rate of reintubation of the two groups were 14.0% (32/228) vs.20.4% (47/230), (P =0.07). Compared with routine medical care, early application of NPPV to patients after extubation reduced the mortality. Conclusions This study suggests the favorable effects of early application of NPPV to patients after extubation on the mortality of acute respiratory failure.