BACKGROUND:Culture supernatant containing myocardiocyte has been demonstrated to induce differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s into myocardiocyte-like cel s. This may associate with some or several cytokines in the culture supernatant.
OBJECTIVE:To explore if the supernatant of myocardiocyte induces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s to differentiate into myocardiocyte-like cel s is associated with the different cytokine content in the supernatant of myocardiocyte.
METHODS:Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and cultured in vitro by the whole bone marrow adherent culture. Cardiocytes were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s (1×108/L) and cardiocytes (1×105/L) were cultured for 72 hours and the supernatant was col ected. Hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived growth factor, stem cel factor, fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in culture supernatant of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s and cardiocytes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The content of insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in the supernatant of cardiocytes was significantly higher in cardiocytes group compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s group (P<0.01). Results indicated that insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in the supernatant of cardiocytes may have capability to induce bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cel s to differentiate into myocardiocyte-like cel s, and insulin-like growth factor 1 may serve as the main cytokine.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes,and to provide effective prevention and intervention strategies for diabetes in Zhejiang Province.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the surveillance data of diabetes from 2007 to 2012.Results 272 534 cases of new on-set diabetes were reported through the noncommunicable disease surveillance system in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2012,and the annual incidence was 277.08/100 000.According to different types of diabetes,the proportions of type 1,type 2,gestational,and other types diabetes were 0.69％,96.04％,2.23％,and 1.03％,respectively.The incidence was higher in urban and female population.The diabetes incidence was increased with 20.18％ per year and the growing speed of incidence in rural area and males were faster than those in urban area and females,respectively.The incidence in 70-year group was the highest and the growth speed in 20-year group was the fastest one.11.89％ of diabetes patients were diagnosed with complications simultaneously and the proportion of diabetic neuropathy,vasculopathy,and nephropathy was accounted for 82.81％.The incidence of diabetic complications was increased at first and then decreased from 2007 to 2012.Conclusion With the aging trends in Zhejiang province,the incidence will be increased rapidly,and the rural,male,and adolescence populations should be the focus objectives for the diabetes prevention and control in the future.Although the trend of diabetic complications incidence was tended to decline,the result should be confirmed by further researches.

OBJECTIVEWater content in concentrated extract (WCCE), the concentration of ethanol used in precipitation (CEA) and the quantity of ethanol added( QEA) are three important variables in the first ethanol precipitation of Danshen injection. In this work, the relationships between the three variables and total solid removal, Danshensu (DSS)retention and DSS purity were investigated.

METHODExperiments according to central composite design were carried out and mathematical models were developed.

RESULTThe models were accurate and predictive. The relative deviations between prediction results and experimental results were less than 3%. The influences of the three variables were discussed with a response surface method. The decrease of WCCE and the increase of CEA both caused more precipitation and increase the purity of DSS. However, more loss of DSS was observed. The increase of QEA increased total solid removal. DSS retention and DSS purity increased first and then decreased when QEA increased.

CONCLUSIONThis result suggests the addition of ethanol should be optimized according to WCCE and CEA to obtain better supernatant

Chemical Precipitation ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Models, Statistical ; Reproducibility of Results ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo suggest a method for discriminating quality control indicators of concentrated solution before traditional Chinese medicine ethanol precipitation.

METHODThe second ethanol precipitation (SEP) of Guanxinning was taken as an example, with the concentrated supernatant of first ethanol precipitation (CSFEP) prepared with same dry matter content and the same amount of ethanol as raw materials, to conduct the ethanol precipitation test under the same conditions. The experimental data was analyzed by stepwise regression and partial least squares regression. Both of them selected the parameters which affect phenolic compounds retention ratios in SEP supernatant as the key indicators.

RESULTPhenolic compounds contents in SEP supernatant were mainly affected by the contents of danshensu, caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B in CSFEP.

CONCLUSIONThe discrimination method can be used to discover key quality control indicators of concentrated solution before ethanol precipitation.

Chemical Precipitation ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control ; Solutions

Objective To describe the survival status and to analyze the factors associated with mortality on first-ever stroke patients.Methods The first-ever stroke patients registered in 2009 were collected from "Zhejiang provincial information system for NCDs' surveillance and management".Survival status and the cause of death through active and passive follow-up programs,were collected.Kaplan-Meier methods were used for survival description.Monovariant and multivariant Cox' s proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze risk factors on mortality.Results A total of 78 189 patients,who suffered from cerebral infarctions (ICD-10:I63),intracerebral haemorrhages (I61),subarachnoid haemorrhages (I60) and unspecified strokes (I64),accounted for 61.65％,30.42％,2.32％ and 5.62％,were recruited.33 265 cases died during the period of this study.27 147 cases were stroke related,accounted for 81.61％.6 122 cases died on the same day,with one-day case fatality as 7.83％ and the overall 28-day case fatality as 21.01％.The survival rates from one-year to four-year were 72.04％,68.92％,66.27％ and 64.29％,respectively.The four-year survival rates of I63,I61,I60 and I64 were 80.06％,50.15％,71.80％ and 21.41％,respectively.Effect of the model showed that the risk factors associated with mortality were age,gender,educational level,the diagnosis and quality of the hospitals on treatment,hypertension and the types of stroke incidences.Age had interacted with gender (P＜0.001).Results from the ‘single effect’ showed that males had higher risk than females in those younger than 75 years old,but vice versa in those older than 75 of age.Conclusion Patients appeared very high risk of death in both acute and sub-acute phases.Factors including age,gender,educational level,both quality on diagnosis and treatment of the hospitals,clinical types of hypertension and stroke etc.were at risk,associated with prognosis of the disease.

OBJECTIVETo conduct a survival analysis of gastric cancer patients according to the data of population-based cancer registry during 2005-2010 in Zhejiang Province in order to provide information for prognosis assessment and control of this disease.

METHODSThe deadline of the last follow-up of 26, 536 patients was December 31st, 2012. Cumulative observed survival rate (OSR) and expected survival rate were calculated by life table and Hakulinen method.

RESULTSthe 1-, 3-, and 5-year OSR were 58.51%, 39.07%, and 33.08%, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year relative survival rates (RSR) were 60.24%, 42.90%, and 39.03%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year relative survival rates of males vs. females were 60.49% vs. 59.65%, 42.88% vs. 42.96%, and 38.76% vs. 39.64%, respectively, statistically with non-significant differences (χ(2) = 0.13, P > 0.05) between them. The 5-year OSR and RSR of urban patients were 39.15% and 46.30%, and the 5-year OSR and RSR of rural patients were 30.81% and 36.32%, with statistically significant differences between them (P < 0.05). The 15-44 age group had a better relative survival rate.

CONCLUSIONSThe survival rate of gastric cancer patients in Zhejiang Province is low. Work of cancer prevention and control should be strengthened. The wide variation in gastric cancer survival rates between urban and rural patients indicates that priority should be given to rural areas in allocating medical and public health resources.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Rural Population ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate

Objective To survey the incidence of acute coronary events (nonfatal acute myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease),and analyze the trend and distribution characteristics in permanent residents aged 25 years and more across 30 surveillance regions of Zhejiang province from 2010 to 2012.Methods Through databases matching and duplicate checking,this study incorporated the register module of coronary disease and the cause of death register module in Zhejiang provincial information system for chronic non-communicable diseases surveillance and management.The distribution of incidence was calculated across gender,age groups,regions and times.Results A total of 31 872 person-time acute coronary events were identified.The gender-and age-standardized mean annual incidence was 81156 per 100 000 people in overall population,with 94.33 in males and 68.27 in females.Age-standardized incidence was 87.90 and 77.36 per 100 000 people in urban and rural area,respectively.Urban area had higher incidence rate than rural in each of the three years,and had obvious trend of increasing (P ＜0.001) compared with rural area (P =0.331).Incidence rate also increased significantly with age (P ＜ 0.001).In addition,compared with women,men had higher incidence in each age group (all P ＜ 0.001).The incidence rate increased rapidly in population older than 75 years old.The highest incidence was observed in age group ≥85 years old,with 2 371.67 and 1 873.92 per 100 000 in males and females,respectively.Apparent seasonal trend was observed for acute coronary events,which was low in summer and high in winter.Conclusions Quantity and incidence for acute coronary events in residents aged 25 years and more of Zhejiang surveillance regions increased during 2010 to 2012.Male had higher incidence than female,and the incidence in urban areas was higher compared with rural areas.Residents older than 75 years old were high risk population of events,and winter was the high-occurrence season.

Objective To evaluate the impact of diabetes prevalence and mortality on health life expectancy (HLE).Methods A cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy method was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of diabetes on HLE and the composition of health life losses (HLL),using the integrated data on population mortality,self-assessed health status and diabetes prevalence.Results The HLE for people aged 15 was 55.80 in Zhejiang,in 2013.After removing the diabetes morbidity and mortality,the HLE for men aged 15 increased by 0.86 and 1.13,respectively,with an increase of 1.04 and 0.66 for urban and rural residents.Substantial increase of HLE was observed in women and urban residents than those for men and rural residents.HLL caused by diabetes mortality and morbidity appeared as 0.10 and 0.79,with a ratio of 7.92.Conclusion HLL caused by diabetes mortality was much greater than those caused by diabetes mortality,suggesting the most effective measure in reducing the diabetes-related HLL is to promote the healthy lifestyle in urban areas and especially for women.

Objective To improve the quality of clinical biochemistry laboratory by quality indicators of pre-analytical,analytical,post-analytical phase and the whole process.Methods Analytical Phase:The Sigma values of items were calculated,applying the equation Sigma =(TEa％-Bias％)/CV％.Total allowable error (TEa) is from analyticalal specification defined in WS/T403-2012 of China,Bias％ is from the evaluation results of National Center for Clinical Laboratory (NCCL) trueness verification PT series and CV％ is from internal quality control data during the last 6 months in our lab.Normalized Sigma metrics plot was made to evaluate the analysis performance and the quality control strategies were designed accordingly.The quality goal indexes (QGI) were also calculated to propose improvement measures for items below 6 Sigma.Quality indicators of pre-,post-analytical and whole analytical phase,such as quality of specimen,critical value notification,critical value notification in time,TAT of hs-cTnT,TAT of emergency biochemical items,rewrite of laboratory reports and unacceptable performance in EQA-PT were measured in Sigma metrics too.The Sigma metrics changes before and after taking improvement measures were compared to conform the effectiveness.Results The average Sigma value of 17 biochemical tests was 5.29,of which 8 items (UA,K,ALP,CK,AMY,AST,TG,Na) achieved excellent to world class level (≥ 5 Sigma),6 items (LDH,Cre,TC,ALT,Mg,Glu) achieved marginal to good level (5 ＞ Sigma ≥ 3),BUN performed poorly (3 ＞ Sigma ≥ 2),Ca,TP performed unacceptably (Sigma ＜ 2) with serious quality defects.The Sigma values of unacceptable specimen,critical value notification,critical value notification in time,unacceptable turn around time (TAT) of hs-cTnT,unacceptable turn around time (TAT) of emergency biochemical items,rewrite of laboratory reports,unacceptable performance in EQA-PT were 4.17,3.60,2.75,1.72,3.27,4.52,3.33 respectively,rising to 4.30,4.30,2.90,2.45,3.75,4.80,3.60 accordingly after improvement.Conclusions Sigma metrics is potentially an ideal approach for clinical biochemistry laboratories management,which is helpful to find out problems,put forward improvement measures,and confirm the effectiveness,so as to achieve the purpose of continuous quality improvement.

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype and its association with deep vei n thrombophilia in Chinese.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was conducted to examine mutation with 63 deep vein thrombophilic patients and 80 health controls in Shandong Hans. The genotype frequencies were calculated by gene counting in patients and controls, and an analysis was made on the association of MTHFR C677T mutation with deep venous thrombosis in Shandong Hans.

RESULTSIn case- controls, the frequencies of C/T heterozygote were 41.27% and 43.75%; whereas those of T/T homozygote were 52.38% and 36.25%. Significantly elevated mutation was observed in patients(Chi-square=6.372, P 0.01 OR(T/T)=4.552 95% confidence interval:1.440-14.390, Chi-square =6.742 P=0.009).

CONCLUSIONThe C677T mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a risk factor associated with deep vein thrombophilia in Shandong Hans.

China ; DNA ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Odds Ratio ; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Thrombophilia ; enzymology ; genetics ; Venous Thrombosis ; enzymology ; genetics