Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), a chronic disease of the digestive system resulting from multi-pathogenic factors, is precancerous state of gastric cancer. Authors reviewed the current situation of Chinese medical diagnosis and treatment of CAG, and looked forward to its prospect by combining with their own clinical experience and scientific researches.
Chronic Disease ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Precancerous Conditions ; Stomach Neoplasms

· AIM: To evaluate the safety of eye anterior tissue when plasmin (Pm) and hyaluronidase (HS) are injected into pigs'vitreouses to induce posterior vitreous detachment(PVD).· METHODS: 15 pigs without ocular diseases were randomly assigned to groups A,B,C (5 in each group). For each pig, one eye was experimental, the other eye was control. The experimental eye received intravitreal injection with enzyme:group A: 50U(0.1mL) HS; group B: 0.5U(0.1mL) Pm; group C: 0.5U(0.05mL) Pm combined with 50U(0.05mL) HS; while the control eye received intravitreal injection with equivalent dose of balanced salt solution (BSS). Postoperative reactions in the eyes were carefully observed by clinical examinations such as slit-lamp microscopy and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP). Eyeballs were extirpated 7 days after the operation and histological examination was carried out. The corneas and irises were observed under light microscope (LM). The epithelia of ciliary bodies and lens were studied with transmission electron microscope (TEM).· RESULTS: In all experimental eyes and control eyes of group A, B and C, histological examination showed: under LM ,the corneas and irises of experimental eyes had no histological abnormality in structure; Under TEM, epithelial cells of ciliary bodies and the lens were tightly arrayed with clear cellular boundaries, clear intracellular structure, intact cell membranes, and intact nuclei; There was no significant difference in the clinical examinations and in the change of IOP between preoperation and postoperation, between the experimental group and the control group.· CONCLUSION: With 0.5U Pm and HS 50U injected into pigs' vitreouses to induce PVD, alone or combined with two enzymes, evaluation revealed no evidence of toxicity on the eye anterior tissue. The dosage was proved to be safe for eye anterior tissue.

Objective:To investigate the effect of CCN1 on the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU .Methods:Colon cancer and adjacent tissues, colon cancer cells and normal colon epithelial cells, HCT-116 and HCT-116/5/FU cells were collected, and the SCD1 mRNA expression levels were detected by RT-qPCR; HCT-116 cells were cultured and transfected with pcDNA3.1 and CCN1 expression vectors, or infected with shNC and shCCN1 lentivirus, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell sensitivity to 5-FU, Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect SCD1 mRNA expression, and oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid content. Western blot was used to detect the distribution of transcription factor FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The effect of CCN1 and FoxO1 on the transcriptional activity of SCD1 promoter was detected by luciferase assay.Results:Compared with control group, the expression of SCD1 was up-regulated in colon cancer tissues, cell lines and HCT-116/5-FU cells (all P<0.05); overexpression of CCN1 reduced the sensitivity to 5-FU, increased intracellular lipid deposition, and up-regulated the expression of SCD1 ( P<0.05); Knockdown of CCN1 increased the sensitivity to 5-FU, reduced intracellular lipid content and down-regulate the expression level of SCD1 ( P<0.05); CCN1 can promote FoxO1 nuclear distribution, activation or inhibition of FoxO1 activity can promote or up-regulate SCD1 expression level and promoter activity ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CCN1 may up-regulate the expression of SCD1 by activating FoxO1 activity and inhibit the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclosporine A(CsA)on viral protein syn- thesis and hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA replication in vitro.Methods The HBV DNA transfected cell line HepG2.2.15 was treated with different concentration of CsA(0.6-20.0?g/ml)for 4 days. Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)in supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA);intracellular hepatitis B core antigen(HBcAg)mR- NA and HBV DNA were analyzed by RT-PCR and slot blot hybridization,respectively;the phospho- rylation at tyrosine acid position 402 of PyK2 kinase(PyK2 Y402)was detected by Western blot.Re- sults CsA could suppress the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg,and inhibit the HBV DNA replica- tion in a dose-dependent manner.The suppression rate of HBsAg and HBeAg under the action of CsA at the concentration of 10.0?g/ml for 4 days was 49.7% and 34.3%,respective;similar effect was observed on HBV DNA replication,HBV DNA was only 34.9% of the control at the concentration of 10.0?g/ml of CsA.The phosphorylation level of PyK2 Y402 was declined under the action of CsA at the concentration of 2.0?g/ml.Conclusions CsA can inhibit the expression of HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA replication in the HepG2.2.15 cell line in a dose-dependent manner.Suppression of the phosphorylation level of PyK2 Y402 maybe involved in the mechanism of the inhibitory activity of CsA on HBV replication.

Objective To investigate the osteoclast′s function levels in infants and toddlers and the relationship between the osteoclast function and sex,age,body length,body weight and body mass index(BMI).Methods Sixty-eight children(37 boys and 31 girls,aged from 1 to 36 months) were studied.All of the children were in good health.These children were divided as infants group and toddlers group according to their age.Just before the samples were collected,the children′s body weight,body length were measured and the BMI were calculated.Two biochemical markers,such as serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRAP5b) and urine deoxypyridinoline(DPD) were measured.Results The difference of serum TRAP5b concentration between infants and toddlers was significant at the level of P

ObjectiveTo observe the retinal function and nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). MethodsLASIK was performed in 15 cases (30 eyes) with myopia after strict preoperative examination. All examinations such as vision, correction vision, diopter, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, ocular axis, topography scan and fundus of eye examination were performed before and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation, as well as electroretinography (ERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), optical coherece tomography at same time. ResultsThere was not significant difference in the intraocular pressure, ERG and VEP 1 day after LASIK. The thickness of RNFL decreased 1 week after LASIK (P<0.05) and recovered 1～6 months later. ConclusionLASIK does not disturb the retinal function and RNFL thickness irreversiblely.

Abstract: Objective To establish an animal model of BALB/c mice infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei through the nose (inhalation route), provides a reliable animal model for the follow-up studies on the virulence of melioidosis and the pathogenesis of acute melioidosis. Methods　The experiment was carried out through infecting with Burkholderia pseudomallei through the nose (inhalation route). The pathophysiological response, visceral pathological damage and bacterial colonization of the mice infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei were observed by gross anatomy, histopathology and tissue homogenate count, and the biological characteristics of the mouse model of acute melioidosis were analyzed accordingly. Then we compared the physiological responses in BALB/c mice between the Burkholderia pseudomallei and non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis. Results　In the model of acute nasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, most death happened between the 3rd to 5th day after infection, 3×105-3×106 CFU was the suitable dose for acute fatal melioidosis model of BALB/c mice, and the medium lethal dose was about 3×104-3×105 CFU. Both gross anatomy and tissue HE staining showed that abscesses or necrosis were found in the lung, spleen and liver, especially in the spleen and lung, which was positively correlated with the challenge dose. Viable bacteria was isolated from the blood, lung, spleen and liver of Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mice, and the bacteria account colonization was related to tissue specificity. The concentration of live bacteria isolated from in the blood was the highest [Log2 value: (10.28±0.34) CFU/mL], and the organ with the maximum quantity of bacteria was the lung [Log2 value: (7.54±2.11) CFU/total organ]. It has been reported that the biological effects of Burkholderia pseudomallei and its homologous non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis were similar at the cellular level, like multi-nuclear giant cell formation and active intracellular replication, while it is still unclarrified in the differences of virulence in mice. In this study, it was proved that Burkholderia thailandensis was not fatal to mice even at a high dose (8×107CFU), or detected from mice infected with it via nasal. Conclusion　We successfully established a reliable BALB/c mouse model (acute lethal model) of melioidosis via nasal infection, described its biological characteristics, and identified the different biological responses between Burkholderia pseudomallei and its homologous non-pathogenic Burkholderia thailandensis in mice.

AIM: To analyze the composition, distribution and characteristics of the elderly primary ocular tumors.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study and all 504 cases with primary ocular tumors aged 60 years or older were collected in Shanxi Eye Hospital, during the year 2000- 2012. The onset age, location and pathological pattern were analyzed.
RESULTS: There were 346 cases of benign ocular tumors (68. 7%), and 158 cases of malignancy (31. 3%). Papillomas was the most common type of the benign with 83 cases (16. 5%), followed by a variety of inflammatory cysts and lesions with 69 cases ( 13. 7%) and 64 cases (12-7%) respectively. Among malignant tumors cases, eyelid basal cell carcinoma originated from epithelial was the most common with 72 cases (14. 3%), followed by skin appendages sources malignant tumors with 39 cases (7. 7%). Concerning the location of ocular tumors, there were 282 cases of eyelid tumor (56. 0%) occupied the first position followed by conjunctival tumor with 157 cases (31. 2%).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence and type of primary ocular tumor in elderly people are significant differences from the general population and children's, and the proportion of malignant tumors tended to increase along with the increase of age.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal or upper ureteral stones.Methods The data of 32 patients diagnosed as renal or upper ureteral stones were retrospectively reviewed,who underwent ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy from June to October,2015,including 29 kidney stones,3 upper ureteral stones,of which 21 single stone,7 multiple stones,and 4 staghorn stones.There were 8 cases with inferior calyx stones,10 with renal pelvis stones,3 with upper ureteral stones,10 with renal pelvis stones plus inferior calyx stones and 1 with renal pelvis stones plus upper calyx stones.The mean stone size was (20.1 ±7.6) mm (ranging from 10 to 41mm).The mean Hounsfield unit (HU) was (1 125.9 ±225.9) Hu (ranging from 520 to 1 550Hu).In this cohort,13 cases had mild hydronephrosis,2 moderate hydronephrosis,1 severe hydronephrosis while no hydronephrosis identified in the other 16 patients.One case had concomitant kidney and ureter duplication malformation,and 1 case had residual stones after laparoscopic nephrolithotomy.Results All of the patients were treated by single tract UMP.Among them,middle calyceal puncture was performed in 9 cases,and the other 23 cases underwent lower calyceal puncture,including 4 cases of intercostal puncture,and 28 subcostal puncture.The mean operating time was (30.3 ± 15.0) min (ranging from 10 to 90 min).The mean postoperative hospital stay was (1.9 ± 1.0)days (ranging from 1 to 5 days).The mean hemoglobin decrease was(14.6 ±8.4)g/L (ranging from 1 to 46 g/L).No analgesics were used.Peri-operative complication rate was 3.13％ (1/32) with 1 case of collection system perforation.There was no fever,severe bleeding,urinary extravasation,pleural injury,or blood transfusion.The SFR was 93.75％ (30/32) and 96.88％ (31/32) on the first day and the first month after the operation,respectively.Conclusions UMP could be a safe and effective method for the treatment of renal or upper ureteral stones,especially for inferior calyceal stones less than 2cm.It offers high stone clearance rate,minimally invasiveness,quick recovery,short length of hospital stay and improved quality of life.

Objective:To study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. . Methods: The antibacterial effect in vitro of the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair and the single herb of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. was studied on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudo-monas aeruginosa by the 2-fold dilution method and the broth micro-dilution method in a 96-well plate. The minimum inhibitory con-centration ( MIC) , minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBC) and the diameter of inhibition zone were determined. Results:The ex-perimental strains showed the different sensitivity among the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair and the single herb. The antibac-terial and bactericidal activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair was the most obvious(P<0. 05). As the temperature in-creasing, the antibacterial activity of all water extract on different experimental strains changed. The results of MIC and MBC showed that the effects of water extract on escherichia coli were strongest, that of stapphylococcus aureus were secong, ant that of pseudomonas aeruginosa were relatively weak. Conclusion:The traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. has antibacterial and bactericidal activity in varying degrees on the experimental strains with some differences, and the changes in the application forms of traditional Chinese medicines has great influence on the antibacterial and bactericidal ability.