Aged ; External Fixators ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomical and biomechanical features of sacral pedicle and lateral mass so as to provide reference for clinical screw fixation technology of sacral pedicle and lateral mass.

METHODSA total of 60 adult patients'spiral CT images of the sacrum and coccyx were selected randomly. The entry points of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screws were determined, and the screw trajectory was measured using the three dimensional reconstruction method. Meanwhile, the gross anatomy was scrutinized in 15 adult cadaver specimens to determine the sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw entry points. The length, width and angle of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw trajectory were measured. Eight of 15 cadaver specimens were selected to test the maximal extraction force of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screws. The clinical data of 15 cases treated by pedicle and lateral mass screw technology were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSThe diameter and length of S(1)-S(5) sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw trajectory were regular, with about 20 degree inclination angle. The S(1) pedicle screw entry point was located at the intersection point of the basal lateral part of articular process and median line of transverse process, and no significant difference was found for the maximal extraction force between pedicle and lateral mass screws (P larger than 0.05). The entry points of S(2)-S(5) pedicle screws were located at the intersection point of the line connecting adjacent posterior sacral foramina and median line of the transverse process. The lateral mass screw entry point of S(2)-S(5) was on the median side of intersection point between median line of the transverse process and lateral sacral crest. The maximal extraction force of pedicle screws was significantly greater than that of lateral mass screws (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth the sacral pedicle and the lateral mass screw fixation techniques can offer effective fixation and reconstruction for fracture of the sacrum and coccyx, but pedicle screw fixation may be more convenient, safe and reliable than lateral mass screw fixation.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Sacrum ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of dental caries in the human of Tang dynasty.

METHODSAll teeth in 62 human skulls of Tang dynasty excavated from the Chang'an county in Xi'an city were examined and analyzed by statistics. The difference of prevalence in different group including age, sex and tooth position was tested with Chi-square test.

RESULTSThe prevalence of dental caries was 62.9%. And there were 92 caries teeth, which was 14.6% of the whole teeth. The root caries (33.3%) was more than the occlusal caries (28.7%). The most frequent recorded caries were the third molar, followed by the second molar, then the first molar. There was no significant difference between male and female.

CONCLUSIONSThe dental caries was popular in human of Tang dynasty, but the prevalence lowers than the modern people. And with the human evolution and the improvement of the social productivity, the prevalence of dental caries was gradually ascending.

Adult ; Archaeology ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

BACKGROUNDAntithrombotic and antiplatelet therapies have been proposed to treat non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS), yet limited information is available about their applications from a multicenter "real-world" clinical procedure, especially in China. This study was undertaken to characterize the use of antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents in relation to the risk levels of the NSTEACS patients who were enrolled in Sino-Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACEs) registry study.

METHODSWe analyzed the data from 618 Chinese NSTEACS patients stratified into low-(n = 151), intermediate-(n = 233), and high-risk groups (n = 234) based on GRACE risk scores. The baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents were recorded and compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe administration rates of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) (86.08%) and thienopyridines (85.92%) were higher whereas the administration rate of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (1.78%) was much lower than those reported previously. Meanwhile, within the first 24 hours of admission, the use of heparin/LMWHs in the high-risk group was more than that in the intermediate- and low-risk groups (73.50% vs 63.09% vs 55.63%, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the combination of antithrombotic and antiplatelet medications showed no significant differences in all groups.

CONCLUSIONSIn the "real world" practice of China, the antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapies on NSTEACS are well adherent to the current guidelines except for several gaps, such as the very low use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. Moreover, these antithrombotic and antiplatelet treatments usually tend to be underused for the high-risk ones.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Aged ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyridines ; therapeutic use ; Registries ; Risk Assessment

Rituximab is a human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen of B cells.It is one of the earliest monoclonal antibodies successfully used in the treatment of malignant tumors.In recent years,a number of studies have shown that rituximab can induce apoptosis of CD20-expressing B lymphocytes through antibody-dependent cytotoxicity,complement-dependent cytotoxicity and direct apoptosis induction.Combined with chemotherapy,rituximab can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect on aggressive lymphoma.In addition,rituximab is also play an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia,autoimmune hemolytic anemia and other autoimmune diseases,neuromyelitis optica,and lymphocytic proliferative diseases after stem cell transplantation.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical value of immunohistochemistry in endometrial stromal tumors.Methods Immunohistochemical technique(Envision method)was applied to de- tect the expression of CD_(10),SM-MHC,h-caldesmon,AE1/3,CD_(99),Ki-67,CD_(34),c-kit,ER and PR in 15 cases of endomertrial stromal sarcoma and 3 metastases.The clinical pathological data,including the histological characteristics,histochemical and immunohistochemical staining features,complication,differential diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial stromal tumours were analyzed.Results Among the 18 cases of endometrial stromal tumor,17 cases had shown positive for CD_(10),including 13 cases diffuse positive and 4 muitifocal,7 cases with smooth muscle differentiation,3 cases with epithelial differentiation,7 cases with sex-cord differ- entiation.13 cases of ER and 16 cases of PR were positive expression in endometrial stromal sarcoma.Ki-67 in range 36 %～78 %.Conclusion Endometrial stromal tumour can display multi-differentiation.They show various pathomorphological features,Smooth muscle and sex-coed differentiation,the most common types. CD_(10) can be expressed consistently in endometrial stromal tumors.CD_(10) with h-caldesmon and SM-MHC can be used to make differential diagnosis between the endometrial stromal tumors and cellular leiomy0ma.ER and PR should be routinely estimated and be a prognostic predictor for endometrial stromal sarcoma.

OBJECTIVETo screen hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) autoantibodies as diagnostic biomarkers or therapy targets by serologic proteome analysis (SERPA).

METHODSTotal proteins extracted from human HCC cell line HCCLM3 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and then transferred onto PVDF membranes, which were subsequently incubated with sera from HCC, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients or healthy volunteers. All immuno-reactive protein spots on blot films were matched to those on 2-DE gel maps by image analysis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS).

RESULTS2-DE gel maps of HCCLM3 and corresponding blot films of good quality and reproducibility were established. The number of spots on HCCLM3 2-DE reference gel totaled 603 and those on HCC, HBV and healthy sera blotted films were 70.75+/-24.25, 68.5+/-23.44 and 41.38+/-15.05, respectively. Blot films of HCC and HBV groups had more spots than those of the healthy group (P < 0.05) while no significance was found between films of HCC and HBV groups. By identification, those HCC autoantibodies could be classified as nuclear proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, heat shock proteins and metabolic enzymes.

CONCLUSIONSerological proteome analysis is a high throughput technique for screening tumor autoantibodies. Those newly identified HCC associated tumor antigens and corresponding autoantibodies can be used in the early diagnosis or immuno-therapy of HCC.

Antibodies, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Autoantibodies ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; immunology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; Proteomics ; methods ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis and occlusion.

METHODSFrom August 2005 to November 2008 moderate and severe carotid stenosis or occlusion were found in 16 patients by Doppler ultrasonography (DUS), MRA, CTA, DSA. The stenosis degree ranged from 60% to 99% in 14 patients and complete occlusion in 2 patients. Twelve patients underwent standard carotid endarterectomy (sCEA) in whom 2 patients were placed carotid shunt and 1 patient underwent carotid patch angioplasty. Four patients underwent eversion carotid endarterectomy (eCEA). All operations were performed by microscope.

RESULTSThere was no stroke, transient ischemic attack and mortality perioperatively and during follow-up from 1 month to 3 years. The ICA flow detected by follow-up duplex scan and MRA was unobstructed. The primary cerebral ischemic symptoms were obviously improved or disappeared after operation. The postoperative complications included one case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and one case of hoarseness and bucking, which disappeared after medical treatment.

CONCLUSIONSCEA is an effective way for treating carotid stenosis. Different operative methods and techniques deal with different carotid lesions to achieve better effect. Microsurgical technique is useful for exposure of high ICA bifurcation and avoid effectively cranial nerve injury and other complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

[Objective]To investigate the safety and efficacy of phosphorylcholine oligomer grafted graphene oxide as a drug carrier for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of liver cancer.[Methods]Doxorubicin loaded folic acid labeled phosphorylcholine oligomer grafted graphene oxide(DOX@GO-PCn-FA)was prepared. Graphene ox-ide(GO)and DOX@GO-PCn-FA were injected intravenously via marginal ear vein in New Zealand white rabbits respec-tively to assess their safety and biodistribution for intravenous administration.Ten male New Zealand rabbits were used to establishe the VX2 liver cancer model and the tumor characteristics were confirmed by dynamic contrast enhanced CT scan.Catheter was inserted via femoral artery and advanced into hepatic lobar or segmental artery.Digital subtraction angi-ography(DSA)was performed to validate the tumor feeding vessels.DOX@GO-PCn-FA was injected through the cathe-ter to carry out selective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE). Dynamic enhanced CT scan and pathological examinations of major tissues and organs were implemented 7 days post TACE to evaluate the efficacy of embolization effect of DOX@GO-PCn-FA against liver tumor as well as the biodistribution and safety.[Results]Intravenous injection of GO resulted in significant thrombosis and pulmonary embolism whereas DOX@GO-PCn-FA of same dosage did not. DOX@GO-PCn-FA was capable of effectively diminishing the blood supply of liver tumors when applied in TACE. Pathologic exploration revealed that DOX@ GO-PCn-FA mainly deposited in the tumor,and no obvious complications were observed.[Conclusions]GO-PCn presented superior biocompatibility and exerted effective chemoembolization against liver cancer.