The mortality rate of portal hypertension complicated with variceal bleeding in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients decreased dramatically in recent three decades,mainly benefited from the“forward blood flow”hypothesis proposed in the 1980s and splanchnic vascular tone theory to explain the mechanism of portal hypertension in advanced liver cirrhosis,thereby introducing clinically three types of drugs,namely,somatostatin and its derivatives,terlipressin,and nonselective beta blockers. The abovementioned drugs together with endoscopic variceal ligation, sclerotherapy and histoacryl injection have made a milestone contribution to the dramatic decreasing of mortality rate in liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension and bleeding. Recent advances in knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of increase of hepatic portal blood inflow,hepatic sinusoidal endothelium dysfunction and neovascularization form the basis of current emerging therapies for portal hypertension. We can expect that most likely this will result in more effective treatment and prevention for portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis patients.

Acromegaly is an endocrine and metabolic disease with insidious onset. Delays in its diagnosis and treatment significantly increase the incidence of complications. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are extremely important for the prognosis of patients with acromegaly. Based on a large quantity of evidence in recent years, Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acromegaly(2020) has standardized the diagnosis and the treatment strategies of acromegaly. In the non-surgical treatment section, according to the categories of drugs used to treat acromegaly, the indications, selection, administration, dosage and precautions of pharmaceutical treatment have been clarified with specific recommendations. It is hoped that the new consensus can further guide and standardize the clinical management of acromegaly.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Child ; Child Nutrition Disorders ; Child Nutrition Sciences ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Nutritional Status

Eating ; physiology ; psychology ; Feeding Behavior ; psychology ; Humans ; Infant ; Sense Organs ; physiology

Child ; Humans ; Rickets ; pathology

e scale clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Due to differences in designs and methods,the results of effects of ankle foot orthosis(AFO)on kinematics,kinetics and energy consumption during walking in children with cerebral palsy remain controversial.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of AFO on gait characteristics in children with spastic cerebral palsy.METHODS: A total of 21 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy were selected.A plantar pressure gait analysis system was used to perform plantar pressure gait analysis tests of participants when walking with an AFO and without an AFO at the same time of one day,under the same physical condition.All plantar pressure data were recorded,including cadence,cycle time of gait,absolute symmetry index(ASI)of each gait phase,and visualized pressure diagram including dynamic plantar pressure diagram and Center of Gravity's transfer track diagram.Visualized pressure diagrams were described and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gait cycle time was shortened in the children walking with an AFO compared with walking without an AFO(P< 0.01).ASI of single-foot supporting phase,swing phase,double-foot supporting phase and gait cycle time of children walking with AFO was significantly reduced compared with children walking without AFO(P < 0.05).Center of Gravity's transfer track diagram of children with cerebral palsy was disordered and could not show as butterfly-shape graphics with good symmetry.After wearing an AFO,the diagram became more ordered.Results show that when wearing an AFO,the gait cycle time in gait was shortened,and the cadence was increased; the symmetry of gait was improved,and the general walking ability was increased.Plantar pressure gait analysis technology can be effectively applied to evaluate the balancing ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy in gait using accurate data and visualized diagrams.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Milk Proteins ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Skin Tests ; methods

Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena