Objeetive:To screen the different extracts from Geranium strictipes with anticaries activity,and to study the effect of the active extract on the production of acid and polysaccharides of oral cariogenic bacteria.Methods:Chlorhexidine and Galla Chinensis were used as the positive controls.Tube double dilution method was used to study the extracts of Geranium strictipes on the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) and Actinomyce viscosus (A.viscosus).First,the activity of 5 extracts fom Geranium strictipes against S.mutans,A.viscosus was detected.Their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were obtained.The effects of 4 lower concentrations(＜ MIC) of the active extract on the production of oral bacterial acid polysaccharides were examined.Results:The effect of n-butanol extraction part of Geranium strictipes was the strongest among all the extracts against the two kinds of bacteria in the inhibition of bacteria growth,bacterial acid production and polysaccharides production,but weaker than that of Chlorhexidine and Galla Chinensis.Conclusion:N-butanol extraction part of Geranium strictipes may be a natural and effective anti-caries agent.

Background Vitreous hemorrhage in long-term produces toxic substances and influent the metabolism of eye tissue.Lens capsule is found more thin and transparent in the eyes with chronic vitreous hemorrhage.To research the effect of vitreous hemorrhage to lens is very important for the choose of the phaco operative timing.Objective The aim of this work was to investigate the ultrastructural change of lens epithelial cells(LECs) in the eyes with experimental vitreous hemorrhage.Methods The autologous blood of 0.1 ml was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of 8 general New Zealand white rabbits,and the equal amount of phosphate buffered saline(pH7.4) was used at the same way in the right eyes.Vitreous and fundus were examined with direct ophthalmoscope on 1,3,5,9,15,20,25,30 days to assess the inflammatory response after intravitreal injection.The specimens of lens anterior capsule were obtained in 30 days after injection and the ultrastructure and apoptosis of LECs were evaluated under the transmission electron microscope. Results No obvious ocular inflammatory response was seen throughout the experimental duration,and there was no vitreous hemorrhage in the right eyes after intravitreal injection.The vitreous hemorrhage agglutinated with clear boundary in the left eyes on 1 day after intravitreal injection,and the hemorrhage turned into dark-red color on the fifth day.On the fifteenth day after injection,the hemorrhage mass became to be grey color and the vitreous liquefaction occurred in the left eyes.The hemorrhage disappeared until 25 days.But in the one month after injection of self-blood,the vitreous showed the deeper red color.The early apoptosis appeared in the LECs of the left eyes in the thirty day,presenting the enlargement and broaden of intercellular space,the decrease of mitochondria number,vacuolar change,expanse of endoplasmic reticulum and disappearance of the nuclear membrane structure. Conclusions Vitreous hemorrhage leads to the ultrastructural pathological changes of lens.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the double scanning for producing computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) zirconia crowns, and to compare Procera with Everest CAD-CAM system by observing clinical effects of the crowns.

METHODSForty CAD-CAM zirconia crowns (10 crowns by Procera, and 30 crowns by Everest) were evaluated, and the examination criteria included: marginal fit, aesthetics, gingival health, retention, and fracture. All of the zirconia copings were produced using double scanning. Procera system and Everest system use contact scanner and optical scanner respectively.

RESULTSThe observation time for the crowns ranged from 6 to 24 months. The results of clinic evaluation were acceptable in all restorations.

CONCLUSIONSDouble scanning could be used to produce complicated zirconia copings by CAD-CAM in order to get proper symmetrical porcelain length. It was easier to make complicated coping with contact scanner than with optical scanner.

Adult ; Aged ; Computer-Aided Design ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Restoration Wear ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Photometry ; Surface Properties ; Zirconium

Background Following the accelerated speed of population aging in China,the incidence of cataract is rising gradually.Researches indicated that senescenee marker protein-30 ( SMP-30 ) is closely associated with the occurring and developing of cataract. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of SMP-30 in human lens epithelial cells(LECs) of age-related cataract and study the relationship between SMP-30 and apoptosis.Methods Capsulotomy was performed on 80 eyes of 59 patients with simple cortex age-related cataract and 70 eyes of 53 age-matched patients with nucleus age-related cataract.The anterior capsular specimens were obtained by circularly capsulorhexis during the operation.Expressions of the SMP-30 protein and mRNA in the LECs of two types of cataract were detected using immunochemistry and real-time PCR respectively.Apoptosis of the LECs was assayed by TUNEL.The differences of expression of SMP-30 and apoptosis were compared between the two types of cataract.Results Immunochemistry showed that SMP-30 was expressed in cytoplasm of LECs.The expression intensity of SMP-30 was higher in the center zone compared with periphery zone.The apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly higher in the center of the anterior capsule than the periphery in both two types of cataract ( nucleus cataract:19.34％±0.11％ vs 8.32 ％ ± 0.57 ％,P =0.025 ; cortex cataract:42.07 ％ ± 0.86 ％ vs 13.55 ％ ± 0.64 ％,P =0.010 ).The expression amount of SMP-30 mRNA was lower at the periphery than the center of lens in both two types of cataract (nucleus cataract:45.21±2.79 vs 76.42±11.21,P=0.042 ;cortex cataract:108.32±4.32 vs 206.34±15.67,P=0.037 ),and that of nucleus cataract was significantly lower than cortex cataract (60.02±9.08 vs 157.33 ± 13.01,P =0.034),and the apoptosis rate of LECs was declined in the nucleus cataract group compared with the cortex cataract group ( 14.05％ ±0.22％ vs 27.70％ ±0.81％,P =0.007 ). Conclusions LECs apoptosis exists in age-related cataract.SMP-30 probably plays an important role in the formation of cataract.

In view of problems such as students in clinical orthopedic practice lack of basic theoretical knowledge and practical ability, both teachers and students' lack of preparations for clinical practice and their insufficient attention etc., this paper attempts to strengthen the standardized management of department teaching. Some measures were adopted to stimulate the potential of students, such as teaching based on case combination, department discussion, strengthening education of humanities, improving examination methods and so on, so as to improve students' comprehensive ability and achieve teaching goals. The results showed that by changing the above teaching methods, students can improve their mastery of knowledge, proficiency in basic operation, clinical thinking ability, communication and coordination ability, subjective initiative and so on. At the same time, students' problem-solving ability, learning interests, self-confidence and the satisfaction with teaching effect have also been improved, which promoted the performance of students in clinical practice.

BACKGROUNDOn May 12, 2008, a major earthquake hit Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province of China. The number of cases of crush injury following this event was high. Ultrasonic appearance of rhabdomyolysis (RM) caused by crush injury in the Wenchuan earthquake was observed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound for detection of rhabdomyolysis.

METHODSWe analyzed clinical and ultrasonic manifestations of 50 cases of RM and 18 cases of RM with osteofascial compartment syndrome (OCS). All cases were caused by crush injury in the Wenchuan earthquake. For these RM patients, we also evaluated the correlations between creatine kinase (CK) and the scope of the muscle lesions as observed by ultrasound.

RESULTSThere were differences in clinical symptoms, physical signs and ultrasonic appearance between the two groups of patients. The ultrasonic characteristics of the RM were as follows: the striated muscle in the lesions thickened with good overall continuity, and the muscle texture was vague; the strength of the echo was uneven and the echo was cloudy or ground glass-like. Liquid dark zones appeared between muscles and were spindle-like or irregular in shape. There were no blood flow signals in the liquid dark areas. The volume of the striated muscle increased in patients with OCS; the fascia wrapping the muscle showed arched protrusions and significant displacement. The flow velocity of the distal arteries decreased and the spectrum was abnormal. The muscle lesion scope of RM group and RM and OCS group was (7.8 +/- 2.0) cm and (13.6 +/- 3.1) cm, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) between the muscle lesion scope and the CK was 0.681 for the RM group (P < 0.05) and 0.516 for the RM and OCS group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe ultrasonogram of RM has characteristic manifestations and can provide important information for clinical diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyolysis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Compartment Syndromes ; diagnostic imaging ; Crush Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhabdomyolysis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis (OMDT) induced by trichloroethylene (TCE) and some immunity indexes in workers occupationally exposed to TCE.

METHODSThe blood samples from 8 cases with medicamentosa-like dermatitis in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks after admitting to hospital were examined for liver function, immunoglobulin and some complement indexes. Thirty nine workers occupationally exposed to TCE were investigated for urinary TCE and some immuno-complement indexes. The TCE concentrations of air in workplaces were monitored.

RESULTSC3d-CIC and C3 of patients before admission were (92.86 ± 44.80) mg/L and 0.91 ± 0.19 mg/L, respectively. C3d-CIC and C3 of patients before discharge were (52.41 ± 17.75) mg/L and (1.14 ± 0.22) mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences between admission and discharge (P < 0.05). The average TCE concentration in 4 workplaces was (351.96 ± 36.72) mg/m(3), which was higher than the occupational exposure limits (OELs). The number of workers exposed to the TCE concentration-time weighted and TCA in urine over OELs were 28.21% and 56.41% of total subjects, respectively. The serum IgG and CIC levels of patients before discharge were (10.03 ± 1.21) mg/L and 103.50 ± 29.17 mU/L, which were significantly lower than those (17.21 ± 1.85) mg/L and (227.46 ± 111.67) mU/L of patients before admission (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe type II and III hypersensitivity may be associated with OMDT and the organ injure induced by TCE.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Complement System Proteins ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between estrogen dependence of breast cancer cells and expression level of PC-cell derived growth factor (PCDGF) and investigate the possibility of practicing endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer.

METHODSExpression level of PCDGF mRNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and cell growth curve was drawn by cell count kit-8 method, then analyzed the relationship between the expression of PCDGF and dependence of estrogen. PCDGF shRNA vector was constructed and transfected into breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using Lipofectamin 2000, examined and compared the changes of estrogen dependence between the two cell lines.

RESULTSPCDGF was expressed in most breast cancer cell lines, and the growth dependence of estrogen was higher in the cells with high-expressing PCDGF than those with low-expressing PCDGF. Expression of PCDGF could be inhibited by transfected shRNA into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (inhibition rates were 81.1% and 86.7% respectively), inhibition of the expression of PCDGF could lead to higher growth dependence of estrogen, and the dependence of MDA-MB-231 was increased much more than MCF-7(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression level of PCDGF is higher in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer than in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Inhibiting the expression of PCDGF could reverse resistance of endocrine therapy especially to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo analyze the differential proteomics in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced by chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass-spectrometry.

METHODS2-DE was performed to separate proteins from treated and untreated human umbilical cord MSC with CoCl(2). 2-DE images were analyzed by ImageMaster 2D Platinum software 6.0. The differential expressed proteins was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The differential proteins were classified based on their functions.

RESULTS2-DE reference patterns of CoCl(2) treated human umbilical cord MSC were established. A total of twenty-six differential proteins were identified, of them eleven proteins were up-regulated and fifteen down-regulated. Their biological functions involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism and modification, lipid metabolism, coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism, cell cycle, immunity and defense, cell structure and motility, signal transduction, protein targeting and localization, neuronal activities, muscle contraction, etc. Peroxiredoxin1 (Prdx) was down-regulated, whereas alpha-enolase (ENO1) and vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (VAT1) up-regulated.

CONCLUSIONThe effects of hypoxia on human umbilical cord MSC were participated by multiple proteins and involved in multiple functional pathways.

Cobalt ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the initial changes in the gut microenvironment that accompany intestinal endotoxemia related to alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) in order to explore the potential initiating factors and to observe the effect of probiotic therapy on these factors.

METHODSFifty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into an ALD model group (alcoholic intragastric administration), an intervention group (ALD with probiotic intragastric administration), and a control group (physiological saline intragastric administration). Histological changes of the liver were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and light microscopy. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglycerides (TG), and plasma endotoxin and coli bacillus were determined. The structural integrity of intestinal mucosa and tight junctions were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Occludin protein expression in intestinal epithelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSAfter four weeks, the three groups showed significant differences in the plasma endotoxin levels [control: (0.67+/-0.14) pg/ml, model: (4.42+/-1.28) pg/ml, and intervention: (2.88+/-0.83) pg/ml; F = 27.288, P = 0.000] and numbers of Escherichia coli [control: (2.31+/-0.39) lg3/ml, model: (3.23+/-0.41) lg3/ml, and intervention: (2.24+/-0.44) lg3/ml; F = 10.692, P = 0.001]. The plasma endotoxin level and E. coli number were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group and the intervention group (all P less than 0.05). The three groups showed no significant differences in the levels of ALT, AST, and TG at four weeks. After eight weeks, however, all three serum markers were significantly different between the three groups [ALT: control: (62.33+/-7.12) U/L, model: (95.50+/-8.73) U/L, and intervention: (81.33+/-6.19) U/L; F = 18.051, P = 0.000]; [AST: control: (90.50+/-10.67) U/L, model: (130.00+/-14.91) U/L, and intervention: (110.33+/-7.26) U/L; F = 30.170, P = 0.000]; [TG: control: (0.84+/-0.84) mmol/L, model: (1.40+/-0.17) mmol/L, and intervention: (1.10+/-0.17) mmol/L; F = 10.592, P = 0.001]. In addition, the three groups showed significant differences in E. coli number [control: (2.23+/-0.46) lg3/ml, model: (4.81+/-0.29) lg3/ml, and intervention: (3.61+/-0.50) lg3/ml; F = 23.579, P = 0.000] and plasma endotoxin level [control: (0.52+/-0.21) pg/ml, model: (12.46+/-2.61) pg/ml, intervention: (6.83+/-1.74) pg/ml; F = 30.731, P = 0.000]. The levels of ALT, AST, TG and endotoxin, and the number of E. coli were all significantly higher in the model group than in the control group and the intervention group (all P less than 0.05). Small intestinal epithelial cell structural failure was more apparent and intercellular gaps more broad after eight weeks than after four weeks for all three groups. However, the intervention group showed clearer cell connection structures and less extensive cell gap broadening than the model group at eight weeks. After eight weeks, the occludin protein had become significantly down-regulated and distributed in a non-continuous pattern in the model group, as compared with the control group. However, the occludin protein expression was higher in intervention group than in the model group.

CONCLUSIONIntestinal endotoxemia related to perturbations in the microenvironment occurs in the early phase of ALD, and the increased intestinal permeability appears to be the initial factor of elevated plasma endotoxin, which may lead to liver damage. Probiotic therapy can reduced plasma endotoxin levels and postpone ALD progression by altering the composition of the gut microbiota and up-regulating expression of the occludin protein in intestinal epithelial cells.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Endotoxins ; blood ; Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; microbiology ; therapy ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Male ; Occludin ; metabolism ; Probiotics ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; blood