● AIM: To explore the role that hepatocyte growth factor plays in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after retinal detachment.● METHODS: The contents of hepatocyte growth factor in subretinal fluid (SRF) in 49 cases with retinal detachment were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.● RESULTS: With the worsening of PVR and vitreous opacity and prolonging of disease course, the content of hepatocyte growth factor increased (P＜0.05), the difference being statistically significant.● CONCLUSION: The change of hepatocyte growth factor in SRF had a close relation ship with the occurrence and development of PVR after retinal detachment.

Objective To observe the effects of culture medium of a mn iotic cells on NO and NOS in retinal tissues of rabbits in vitro in order to pro vide a protective method for antioxidation in retina transplantation. M ethods Thirty adult healthy rabbits (30 right eyes) were divided into 3 groups. Group Ⅰ: fresh retinal tissue; group Ⅱ: routine culture medium; group Ⅲ: culture medium of amniotic cells. The retinal tissues in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ we re cultured in the corresponding culture medium for 1 week. The content of NO an d NOS in retinal tissues in the 3 groups were determined. Results Compared with group I, the content of NO and NOS of group Ⅱ increased obvio usly (t=3.821, 3.854; P0.05) . Conclusion Culture medium of amniotic cells may remove free r adicals and enhance the ability of antioxidation.

This article studied the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana. The 60% ethanol extract was eluted with 95% ethanol though HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column. 12 compounds, including (1) betulinic acid, (2)2, 2, 2'-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane bis (2, 3-epoxypropyl) ether, (3) eriodictyol, (4) trans-ε-viniferin, (5) (+)-cis-ε-viniferin, (6) kobophenol A, (7) ampelopsin A, (8) nepalensinol B, (9) cis-miyabenol C, (10) cis-vitisin B, (11) cis-gnetin H and (12) (+)-hopeaphenol, were separated by using normal phase silica gel, ODS, Sephdadex LH-20 column chromatographies and semi-preparative or preparative HPLC. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 were separated from the genus Vitis for the first time and compounds 3, 7, 12 were separated from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana for the first time. At a concentration of 50 μmol · L(-1), compound 6, 7 and 11 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with the inhibition rate of 66.58%, 57.16%, 52.84%, respectively.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Vitis ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of silment information regulator factor related enzymes 1 (SIRT1) on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with diabetic retinopathy and its downstream molecular mechanisms.Methods Together 60 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were collected and randomly divided into normal group,diabetic group,SIRTI activator-resveratrol treatment group (treatment group),and diabetic rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg · kg-1 in the latter two group rats,while the normal group was injected with sodium citrate buffer at 60 mg · kg-1.Then,after 72 h,rats with blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol · L-1 were designated as diabetic rats by blood glucose test.Then each rat in the treatment group was treated with SIRT1 activator-resveratrol at 20 g · kg-1 once a day at the 2nd day after the success of the model,and the normal group and diabetic group were given methylene chloride.Finally,after immunohistochemical staining for retina,TUNEL assay was used to evaluate the apoptosis of RGCs,while the expression of SIRTI,p38 MAPK and Caspase-3 protein was detected by Western blot.Results The apoptotic index of RGCs in the normal group,diabetic group and treatment group was (0.848+0.131)％,(19.038 + 1.327)％,(10.461 + 1.089)％ respectively at 8 weeks,and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F =670.497,P =0.000),while the differences between each two groups were also statistically significant (all P =0.000).Furthermore,when compared with the normal group (0.132 ± 0.043),the expression of SIRT1 protein in the diabetic group (0.060 ± 0.028) and the treatment group (0.073 ± 0.026) was significantly decreased,and the overall difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F =1 310.663,P =0.000),while the differences between each two groups were also statistically significant (all P =0.000).The expression levels of p38 MAPK and Caspase-3 were increased in diabetic group (1.121 ± 0.082,0.266 ± 0.005) and treatment group (0.574 ± 0.012,0.190 ±0.060) respectively,and the overall difference and pairwise comparison in the three groups approached statistically significance (all P =0.000,0.000).Conelusion Up-regulation of SIRT1,can inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs,and protect RGCs against apoptosis in rat model of diabetic retinopathy,which may be correlated with the downregulation of p38 MAPK signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of complicate myomectomy.Methods Six- seven patients with complicated uterine myomas undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy were retrospectively analyzed.The myomectomy was done using ureteral infravision imaging system or/and with self-made myoma segregate-stick.Among the total,there are 29 cases of multiple myomas(the number of myomas≥5)and 23 cases of single myoma(the diameter of myoma≥7cm,including 19 cases of intramural myoma,4 cases of subserous myoma),6 cases of myoma of broad ligament of uterus and 9 cases of cervical myoma.Results All cases were performed successfully laparoscopically.No intra-operative laparotomy or complications occurred.The average operating time and blood loss were(114?32)min and(114?78)ml respectively. The average time of hospital stay was 5.1 d.The average operating time and blood loss in the group (including multiple myoma group,intramural myoma group and cervical myoma)were significantly exceeded the other groups(including myoma of broad ligament of uterus group and subserous myoma group). Conclusions Laparoscopic complicate myomectomy can be performed and the operation indication is enlarged using Ureteral Infravision Imaging System.Advancement in surgical instruments and expert operating skills are the key to operation success.

Objective To study the change of special antibodies titer IgG, IgM and nucleocaspid to SARS coronavirus (CoV) and observing the expression of stomach and enteric involvement on SARS-CoV infection by monoclonal antibody against N protein of SARS-CoV in the 7- year recovery period among family clustering cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Methods Special antibody titer to SARS-CoV of 14 patients from 5 different families and their 10 kinfolks continuously tested by IFA and antigen-capturing ELISA methods. Samples were taken in the 1st-7th year periods after SARS patients infected by SARS-CoV, being diluted and measured on it titers of three kinds of antibodies. Immunochemical staining with monoclonal antibody (mAb) against N protein of SARS-CoV was used to determine the stomach and enteric tissues among 5 SARS patients with their nucleocaspid antibody titer ascended obviously after 1st-7th year. Results When testing the IgG antibody titer of the 14 SARS patients by IFA method, the average titer was 1/71 (95%CI:1/58-1/85) in the 1st year, but began to descend in the following years, and the IgG antibody of the most SARS patients disappeared in the 7th year. Regarding the IgM titer, it disappeared in most of the SARS patients 1 year later. The average value of nucleocaspid antibody titer was 1/146 (95% CI:1/122-1/171) in the 1st year, and it descended as the IgG antibody titer did. In 5 cases, differences appeared.The nucleocaspid antibody titer was between 1/156 and 1/210 in 3 cases, and 2 cases were normal.Immunochemical staining with mAb against N protein of SARS-CoV was identified in the stomach and enteric tissues of 5 SARS patients with the nucleocaspid antibody titer increased significantly, 1st-7th year later. The five patients were detected by gastroscopy detection and cell immunohistochemistry test. 3 cases showed N protein antibody positive in the serum, and positive immunohistochemical expression in most of the cytoplasm in the gastric tissue mucous gland epithelial cells. 1 case also expressed in the intestinal tissue slurry columnar epithelium and interstitial cells. The other two cases showed negative on both serum N protein antibody and immunohistochemical expression. The biopsy results of the 5 patients were as follows: 1 case diagnosed as "signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach and rectum multiple transfer", 1 case of gastric polyp, 1 case of superficial antral gastritis and 2 cases were normal. Conclusion By testing the special IgG, IgM, nucleocaspid antibody to SARS-CoV of the 14 family clustering cases , we found that they all decreased in the 7th year, and most of them disappeared. The nucleocaspid antibody titer was related to pathogenetic condition. SARS-CoV was proved to be still present in stomach and enteric tissues of SARS patients with the nucleocaspid antibody titer increased significantly after the 7th year.

Objective To identify the ABCD1 gene mutation in a patient suspected with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and perform its gene analysis in his family members to make a definite diagnosis. Methods Total RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from the leukocytes of peripheral blood in the proband and the family members. The ABCD1 coding region of cDNA in the proband was amplified and sequenced. Mutational site in the ABCD1 gene of the proband was further confirmed by PGR and direct sequencing; at the same time, the mutation in the ABCD1 gene of the genomic DNA in the family members was analyzed by direct sequencing. Results Two bases deletions (656_657delGA)were identified and the corresponding mutation of fs R89 was detected in the ABCD1 gene of the proband, which could make the definite diagnosis of ALD that belonged to adrenomyeloneuropathy. The same gene mutation (ALD hemizygote) was noted in his cousin; his mother, younger sister of his mother and his younger female cousin were noted as the ALD carrers. His older sister was noted as ABCD1 normal genotype. Conclusions A novel ABCD1 gene mutation (fs R89) was identified in Chinese patient with ALD. Molecular testing is an effective way in making diagnosis on patient suspected as having X-linked ALD.

OBJECTIVEKawasaki disease (KD) is a form of acute multi-systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children due to the frequent occurrence of coronary artery lesions (CALs). Recently, a C allele of rs28493229 (G/C) in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase C (ITPKC) gene was found to significantly increase the risk for KD/CALs in Japanese population. It is important to confirm such finding in Chinese population to enable prognosis and personalized therapy for KD.

METHODSA case-control study was performed. The patient group has included 206 unrelated patients with KD, and the control group included 285 age, gender and ethnically matched children who never had KD. Genotyping of rs28493229 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. The allele, genotype and C allele carrier frequencies were compared between the two groups, patients with or without CALs, and patients who were resistant or responsive to (intravenous immunoglobulin, IVIG) treatment.

RESULTSFrequency of the C allele of rs28493229 was significantly lower in both groups than that in the Japanese population (P< 0.01). No significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of allele, genotype and C carrier of rs28493229 frequencies. Such frequencies were also similar between patients with or without CALs, resistant or responsive to IVIG treatment.

CONCLUSIONOur study has failed to prove any association between rs28493229 and KD/CALs in Chinese patients, which indicated that the C allele of rs28493229 may not be used as a molecular marker for determining KD susceptibility, prognosis and effect of treatment. The much lower frequency of C allele does not support its significance in the occurrence of KD/CALs in Chinese population. It is still necessary to find functional SNPs in ITPKC gene which is associated with KD/CALs in Chinese population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; genetics ; therapy ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To systematically compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in cataract patients with shallow anterior chamber.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese databases including CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases.The peer-reviewed literature on the accuracy of IOL power calculation formulas in cataract patients with shallow anterior chamber was searched from the establishment of the database until August 2020.Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.The mean difference ( MD) of mean absolute error (MAE) among different formulas was analyzed.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Results:Seven studies involving 499 eyes were included.The accuracy of six formulas, Barrett Universal Ⅱ, Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and Holladay 2, was evaluated.The MAE of Barrett Universal Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of Hoffer Q ( MD=0.11 D; 95% CI: 0.05-0.17 D; P<0.001), Haigis ( MD=0.08 D; 95% CI: 0.03-0.13 D; P=0.002), and Holladay 2 ( MD=-0.06 D; 95% CI: -0.11--0.01 D; P=0.020). No significant difference was found in the remaining pairwise comparisons (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:The Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula is more accurate than Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Holladay 2 formulas in predicting IOL power in cataract patients with shallow anterior chamber.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of activated endoplasmic reticulum stress（ERS） and unfolded protein response（UPR） on the immune behavior of the stressed muscle fibers in inflammatory environments induced by interferon-γ（IFN-γ）. Methods The myogenic precursor cells（MPCs） of C57 BL/6 mice cultured in vitro were differentiated into multinucleated myogenic tubes by horse serum and then to set up: 1. Control group; 2. IFN-γ group; 3. Tunicamycin group; 4. Thapsigargin group; 5. IFN-γ and 4-phenylbutyrate（4-PBA） combined treatment group; 6. IFN-γ, TG and 4-PBA combined treatment group; 7. IFN-γ and 4μ8 c combined treatment group; 8. IFN-γ, TG and 4μ8 c combined treatment group; 9. IFN-γ and GSK2606414 combined treatment group; 10. IFN-γ, TG and GSK2606414 combined treatment group. The level of myokines gene was detected by Real-time PCR. The expression of UPR key molecules including eukaryotic intiatio factor 2α（eIF2α）, inositol requrring enzyme 1α（IRE1α） and activating transcription factor 6（ATF6） in muscle fibers was observed by immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to detect immune molecules related to muscle cells, myokines and key molecules of UPR. Luminex analyzed the levels of pro-inflammatory myokines in muscle fibers. Results The expression of H-2 Kb, H2-Ea, Toll like receptor 3（TLR3）, p-eIF2α and p-IRE1α were up-regulated in IFN-γ induced inflammatory environment. The expression of H-2 Kb, H2-Ea, TLR3 and myokines in the group with UPR inhibitor 4-PBA was down-regulated compared with IFN-γ group, and the expression of these molecules in the group with IRE1α specific inhibitor 4μ8 c was down-regulated compared with the IFN-γ group. The addition of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic eticulum（PERK） specific inhibitor GSK2606414 showed no significant change. Conclusion In IFN-γ induced inflammatory environment, the UPR-IRE1α pathway activates and inhibits the synthesis of muscle fiber immune-related molecules, which further inhibits the muscle fiber mediated immune response and facilitates muscle regeneration.