Child ; Child Nutrition Disorders ; Child Nutrition Sciences ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Nutritional Status

Child ; Humans ; Rickets ; pathology

BACKGROUND:Establishing an animal model of lung transplantation has operational significance to the development of clinical lung transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize animal selection, model establishment method, points to note and mechanism of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and pulmonary immune rejection in the establishment of animal models as preclinical research of lung transplantation.
METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of CNKI and PubMed database from January 1982 to September 2013 was performed for literature related to lung transplantation. The key words were“lung transplantation, animal models, reperfusion injury”in English and Chinese, respectively. After eliminating duplicate and obsolete literature,50 articles were included for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently, animal experiments about al ogeneic lung transplantation are
common, which are of significance for clinical lung transplantation. Single lung transplantation is mainly seen in animal models. The commonly used lung transplantation models include single lung orthotopic murine model, rabbit orthotopic lung transplantation, canine and porcine orthotopic left lung transplantation, canine bilateral sequential lung pulmonary transplantation, autologous pig lung transplant model, rabbit lung ischemia-reperfusion model. Because the anatomical and physiological features are similar to humans, pigs are becoming the preferred choice for large animal experiments. Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in lung transplantation represents a biphasic pattern:early occurrence of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (24 hours after infusion) is related to lung donors, and the late occurrence mainly depends on receptors. Its pathophysiology runs through the whole process of donor lung resection, preservation and reperfusion as wel as postoperative management. Immune rejection is a complex immune response induced by identifying the donor cellsurface histocompatibility antigen, and activated T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response in organ transplantation.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Milk Proteins ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Skin Tests ; methods

Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; analysis ; Infant ; Milk Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Skin Tests

Humans ; Infant ; Rickets ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology

Eating ; physiology ; psychology ; Feeding Behavior ; psychology ; Humans ; Infant ; Sense Organs ; physiology

Objective To explore cardiac function of ventricular contraction and drastole in 30 infants with severe pneumonia in high altitude area.Methods Thirty patients with severe pneumonia were collected as patient group,and 32 healthy as control group.Cardiac function of left and right ventricle were detected by echocardiography,and the results were compared between two groups.Results Pre-ejectin period/acceleration time(RPEP/AT) of the right ventricle,right isovolumic relaxation time(RIRT) and left isovolumic relaxation time(LIRT)were significantly longer in patient group than those in control group(Pa