To investigate a simple and effective method of lacrimal canalicular laceration of lacrimal canalicular nasal side in the broken end of the lower lacrimal canaliculus and to evaluate the curative effect after lower lacrimal canaliculi laceration anastomosis.
●METHODS: ln 55 cases ( 55 eyes) of lower lacrimal canalicular laceration patients, in order to look for nasal fracture of lower lacrimal canaliculus broken end. Most of them were under direct vision using surgical microscope, only a few patients injecting physiological saline ( or sodium hyaluronate when necessary ) from the upper lacrimal puncta. With 0. 8mm outer diameter hollow silicone tube as the support material to anastomose surrounding tissue of the lacrimal canaliculus 2 - 3 needles. Silicone tube was indwelled for 2 - 3mo. All patients were followed up 6-24mo.
● RESULTS: ln 55 cases ( 55 eyes ) of lower lacrimal canalicular laceration patients were all successful anastomosed. The cure rate and the effective rate were 89. 1% (49 / 55), 9. 1% cases improved (5 / 55), only 1 case was invalid (1. 8%).
●CONCLUSlON: This method is an effective method of lacrimal canaliculus anastomosis operation and it is simple and effective, suitable for application in a hospital with micro operation conditions.

Objective To review the endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery development and study the transsphenoidal surgical approach of microanatomy and offer anatomical data on transsphenoidal surgical approach for the resection of Sellar region diseases.MethodsThe related structures was observed and measured in 20 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads.ResultsThe Sellar,Sphenoid mouth,Optic nerve,Carotid artery,Pituitary fossa,Cavernous sinus and the structural composition surrounding blood vessels and nerves were measured and recorded.ConclusionsThe microsurgical anatomy of Sellar region will be helpful in transsphenoidal approach in surgical technique and safe operation in endoscopic - transsphenoidal approach.

Objective To investigate the attitudes of medical students regarding to organ donation compensation.Method A self administered questionnaire was distributed to 600 medical students selected randomly from two medical universities in China between January 2013 and January 2014.The questionnaire included demographics and core questions related to medical student's attitudes regarding organ donation compensation.Result A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 592 valid responses were received,including 150 doctoral students,143 master students and 299 undergraduate students.In all,69.8％ of medical students believed that compensation for organ donor was essential.Nearly 60.5 ％ believed financial compensation would increase the rate of organ donation but would not tarnish the behavior of organ donors (64.7％).At the same time,over 70％ of medical students believed that financial compensation would increase the number of living organ donation.With regarding to the ways of compensation,most of the students (80.4％) were in favor of priority on waiting list.Reducing or free of hospitalization costs (50.4％) and increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance (41.8％) were also the acceptable compensation ways to medical students.Conclusion Most of medical students believe that it is essential to give compensation to organ donors.Enjoying the priority on waiting list,reducing or free of hospitalization costs and increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance are the reasonable incentive methods.

fluconazole.Conclusion: The susceptibilities of Malassezia species to ketoconazole,itraconazole,and fluconazole are different.Microdilution method from M27-A is suitable for testing the susceptibility of Malassezia in vitro.

Objective To investigate the risk factors that affect the perioperative mortality incholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of sixty two patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent operation were reviewed retrospectively.Logistic regression test was used in the perioperative mortality study.Before multivariate analysis,each parameter was evaluated with univariate analysis to define whether it was of statistical significance(P

Candida albicans, the most common fungal pathogen, can cause mucosal and systemic infections. Until now there are only a limited number of antifungal drugs, and long-term repeated use of the existing drugs has led to rapid development of drug resistance. The high adaptability of C. albicans has led to drug resistance, which is also a manifestation of environmental stress of C. albicans to the environment. This article summarizes the response pathways of C. albicans stress and describes drug resistance of C. albicans from the aspect of stress response.

Objective: To examine the influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on mouse model of Candida albicans infection. Methods: Mouse models of systemic Candida albicans infection were established by the tail vein injection of Candida albicans suspension and were randomly divided into five groups (n= 10). Ascorbic acid was administered by gavage or intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg. The survival time and renal fungal burden of mice were observed. Renal histopathology specimens were stained by H-E and PAS staining to assess kidney damage. Results: The median survival periods of animals in both ascorbic acid supplementation group and blank control group were 4-5 days. The IgCFU/g values were 8.342, 8.412, 7.350, and 7.764 in experimental groups and 7.134 in the blank control group. Supplementation of ascorbic acid had significant influence on renal fungal burden (P<0.05). Kidney histopathology examination showed renal abscess and renal tubule disorders in mice in all groups, indicating that ascorbic acid supplementation did not alleviate Candida albicans infections. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid supplementation can not improve the condition of systemic Candida albicans infection in mice, and can even exacerbate the condition.

BACKGROUND:Into the 21st century, the organ transplantation has been known as“the top medicine of twenty-first century with the rapid development”. However, the organ transplantation has been greatly limited by the shortage of donor organs. Meanwhile, in China, a ratio of 1:30 is the“bottleneck”of the development of organ transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the significance, content and approach of constructing a donation assistance system, and to analyze the problems of organ donation to be solved in China in order to propose rescue measures of organ donation.
METHODS:A computer-based online search in CNKI database and PubMed database was performed with the keywords of“organ donation, organ transplantation, assistance”by screening titles and abstracts. At the same time, understanding the organ donor and the medical staff through the interview provides a realistic basis for proposal of the rescue measures.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:From social, economic, psychological and other aspects, some humanitarian assistance given to organ donors is the trend for the rapid development of organ transplantation. Meanwhile, in aspects of the establishment of legal assistance, system design, organization construction, staffing, an assistance system for organ donation in China is proposed to ensure the implementation of rescue measures.

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic risk factors of patients with gallbladder carcinoma and the effect of normal prognostic nutrition index (PNI) on the survival. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with gallbladder carcino-ma treated in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2012. The independent prognostic factors of the patients were calculat-ed by the Cox proportional hazards model. The benefit of normal PNI status on the prognosis was further explored in the patients using survival analysis. Results:Lymph node metastasis, PNI≤50, squamous carcinoma, liver invasion and choledoch invasion were the risk factors of overall survival (OS) in the univariate analysis, while only lymph node metastasis (HR=4.495, 95%CI 2.380~8.488, P<0.001) and PNI(HR=0.195, 95%CI 0.098~0.389, P<0.001) were the dependent influential factors of the prognosis and OS in the multi-variate analysis. The effect of PNI on OS was even more statistically significant different in the younger patients (≤65y) than in the el-der (>65y) (younger group:P=0.011;elder group:P=0.078). Conclusion:The gallbladder carcinoma patients with normal PNI status (>50) have better OS compared to the patients with PNI≤50, with statistical differences between the two. And it is more significant in the patients of the younger group (≤65y), comparing with the elder group. PNI could be taken as a potential prognostic evaluation factor for the gallbladder carcinoma patients and can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of patients' conditions to clinician.

BACKGROUND:By analyzing the current difficulties faced by human organ transplantation and social factors which lead to organ transplant donor shortage in China, people are found to be generaly lack of knowledge about organ transplant and donation process. OBJECTIVE: To make a tentative probe into the construction of organ donation social mission system on four aspects, namely the importance, ethical principles, current situation and countermeasures, and to provide scientific advice and information for organ donation publicity and education. METHODS: Articles about organ donation and organ transplantation were retrieved from CQVIP, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Medline System from January 2005 to November 2014 with the key words of “organ donation, organ transplantation, shortage of donor, body donation, education system” in both Chinese and English. After secondary manual retrieval of organ donation coordinator, literature were included if they involved organ donation coordinator and organ donation and transplantation related policies and regulations. This paper put forward countermeasures for the construction of human organ donation social mission system in China based on the literature induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This paper describes the necessity of organ donation education system, systematicaly analyzes the existing problems for current organ donation education problems and ethical principles that should be folowed, and explore the construction strategy of human organ donation social mission system in China. The way to relieve tension of organ transplant donor and expand donor sources is to win broad support and understanding of citizens, which can ensure the sustainable development of organ donation work. So, it is very important to build the human organ donation social mission system.