Objective To review the endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery development and study the transsphenoidal surgical approach of microanatomy and offer anatomical data on transsphenoidal surgical approach for the resection of Sellar region diseases.MethodsThe related structures was observed and measured in 20 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads.ResultsThe Sellar,Sphenoid mouth,Optic nerve,Carotid artery,Pituitary fossa,Cavernous sinus and the structural composition surrounding blood vessels and nerves were measured and recorded.ConclusionsThe microsurgical anatomy of Sellar region will be helpful in transsphenoidal approach in surgical technique and safe operation in endoscopic - transsphenoidal approach.

To investigate a simple and effective method of lacrimal canalicular laceration of lacrimal canalicular nasal side in the broken end of the lower lacrimal canaliculus and to evaluate the curative effect after lower lacrimal canaliculi laceration anastomosis.
●METHODS: ln 55 cases ( 55 eyes) of lower lacrimal canalicular laceration patients, in order to look for nasal fracture of lower lacrimal canaliculus broken end. Most of them were under direct vision using surgical microscope, only a few patients injecting physiological saline ( or sodium hyaluronate when necessary ) from the upper lacrimal puncta. With 0. 8mm outer diameter hollow silicone tube as the support material to anastomose surrounding tissue of the lacrimal canaliculus 2 - 3 needles. Silicone tube was indwelled for 2 - 3mo. All patients were followed up 6-24mo.
● RESULTS: ln 55 cases ( 55 eyes ) of lower lacrimal canalicular laceration patients were all successful anastomosed. The cure rate and the effective rate were 89. 1% (49 / 55), 9. 1% cases improved (5 / 55), only 1 case was invalid (1. 8%).
●CONCLUSlON: This method is an effective method of lacrimal canaliculus anastomosis operation and it is simple and effective, suitable for application in a hospital with micro operation conditions.

Objective:To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic risk factors of patients with gallbladder carcinoma and the effect of normal prognostic nutrition index (PNI) on the survival. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with gallbladder carcino-ma treated in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2012. The independent prognostic factors of the patients were calculat-ed by the Cox proportional hazards model. The benefit of normal PNI status on the prognosis was further explored in the patients using survival analysis. Results:Lymph node metastasis, PNI≤50, squamous carcinoma, liver invasion and choledoch invasion were the risk factors of overall survival (OS) in the univariate analysis, while only lymph node metastasis (HR=4.495, 95%CI 2.380~8.488, P<0.001) and PNI(HR=0.195, 95%CI 0.098~0.389, P<0.001) were the dependent influential factors of the prognosis and OS in the multi-variate analysis. The effect of PNI on OS was even more statistically significant different in the younger patients (≤65y) than in the el-der (>65y) (younger group:P=0.011;elder group:P=0.078). Conclusion:The gallbladder carcinoma patients with normal PNI status (>50) have better OS compared to the patients with PNI≤50, with statistical differences between the two. And it is more significant in the patients of the younger group (≤65y), comparing with the elder group. PNI could be taken as a potential prognostic evaluation factor for the gallbladder carcinoma patients and can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of patients' conditions to clinician.

Candida albicans, the most common fungal pathogen, can cause mucosal and systemic infections. Until now there are only a limited number of antifungal drugs, and long-term repeated use of the existing drugs has led to rapid development of drug resistance. The high adaptability of C. albicans has led to drug resistance, which is also a manifestation of environmental stress of C. albicans to the environment. This article summarizes the response pathways of C. albicans stress and describes drug resistance of C. albicans from the aspect of stress response.

Objective: To examine the influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on mouse model of Candida albicans infection. Methods: Mouse models of systemic Candida albicans infection were established by the tail vein injection of Candida albicans suspension and were randomly divided into five groups (n= 10). Ascorbic acid was administered by gavage or intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg. The survival time and renal fungal burden of mice were observed. Renal histopathology specimens were stained by H-E and PAS staining to assess kidney damage. Results: The median survival periods of animals in both ascorbic acid supplementation group and blank control group were 4-5 days. The IgCFU/g values were 8.342, 8.412, 7.350, and 7.764 in experimental groups and 7.134 in the blank control group. Supplementation of ascorbic acid had significant influence on renal fungal burden (P<0.05). Kidney histopathology examination showed renal abscess and renal tubule disorders in mice in all groups, indicating that ascorbic acid supplementation did not alleviate Candida albicans infections. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid supplementation can not improve the condition of systemic Candida albicans infection in mice, and can even exacerbate the condition.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic transcystic duct exploration for cholecystolithiasis complicated with stones in the non-dilated common bile duct.Methods Before the resection of the cyst,the cystic duct was cut under a laparoscope,and then a C tube was inserted for cholangiography.Stones in the common bile duct were removed under the guidance of C-arm X-ray.Then,C-tube drainage was carried out after removal of the calculi.Results The stones were completely removed in all of the 36 cases with a mean operation time of 125.4 minutes(90-150 minutes).The C-tube was withdrawn in 3 or 4 days after the operation.The mean postoperative time of this series was 4 to 7 days.The patients were followed up for 3 months,during which no patients had biliary leakage,residual stones,or stenosis or dilation of the common bile duct.Conclusions Laparoscopic transcystic duct exploration is minimally invasive,safe,and effective for cholecystolithiasis complicated with stones in the non-dilated common bile duct.

Objective To observe the effect of self mading Tongfengxiao decoction in treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Methods 69 patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group,33 patients were given diclofenac sodium sustained-release capsules and allopurinol treatment;In treatment group ,36 patients were given to the self mading Tongfengxiao decoction in addition to the western medicine received by the control group. The two groups were all treated for 14 days. Results The total effective rate was 94.4% for treatment group and 87.8% for control group respectively. Therefore, the difference of treatment effect between twp groups was significant ( P ＜0. 05 ) ;Also, the treatment group performed better than control group in term of reducing serum uric acid( P ＜ 0. 05).Conclusion The treatment of Tongfengxiao decoction combined western medicine for acute gouty arthritis had a good synergistic effect, and could reduce serum uric acid and improve clinical symptoms.

Objective To investigate the risk factors that affect the perioperative mortality incholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of sixty two patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent operation were reviewed retrospectively.Logistic regression test was used in the perioperative mortality study.Before multivariate analysis,each parameter was evaluated with univariate analysis to define whether it was of statistical significance(P

Objective To explore the interference situation of several diseases in the detection of treponema pallidum antibody by chemiluminescence method.Methods One hundred and ten samples of 9 kinds of different infectious diseases and 200 clinical random samples were collected.Three hundreds and ten samples were simultaneously detected by using the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer and matched reagents,and the Roche E602 automatic chemiluminescence instrument and its matching reagent.The samples of inconsistent results were confirmed by the gelatin particle agglutination test (TPPA).Results There were 5 samples with inconsistent results detected by two instruments,5 samples confirmed by TPPA were negative,and 4 cases were the samples of multiple myelome.Conclusion (1)Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 and Roche E602 have a good consistency in detecting treponema pallidum antibody;(2)for the patients of multiple myeloma,the interference may exist in detecting treponema pallidum antibody by chemiluminescence method,which may cause false positive results and needs to be vigilant in our daily work.

fluconazole.Conclusion: The susceptibilities of Malassezia species to ketoconazole,itraconazole,and fluconazole are different.Microdilution method from M27-A is suitable for testing the susceptibility of Malassezia in vitro.