From the third day after Wenchuan Earthquake,the Chinese government and army dispatched 90 helicopters per day to transport the wounded to Chengdu City (about 100 km away from earthquake-hit area). From 14 May to 21 May 2008, West China Hospital of Sichuan University received totally 760 wounded mainly from Wenchuan, Yingxiu, Maoxian, Beichuan, Lixian, Mianzu. Transfering patients by helicopter is characterized by rapid,flexible and non-restriction from terrain conditions.Compared with transfer on the land,injury induced during the transfer is reduced. However, the height of helicopter cabin is low,so it's difficult for doctors to carry out related treatment works. The instability during the flight also brought a lot of difficulties for the medical care.The rapid change of speed during take-off and landing caused a series of physiological changes on patients, such as thoracic pressure. Wenchuan is located in the mountains,and this also brought difficulties for the flight. The potentially savable victims,whose lives wouldn't be threatened with bad wound and wouldn't die in a short time,should be given the priority of transfer by helicopter. During the trip of transfer,the life-threatening occurrences, such as asphyxia, persistent convulsion and shock, were well prevented. At the same time, airway management, monitoring of vital signs and necessary consolation were important. After arrival at airport, the medical staff waiting at airport should watch and evaluate the patency of airway and vital signs carefully. If the airway obstruction, vital signs unstable and some other critical events are identified, the first aid at airport is essential. When patients are stable,they can be transported to the nearest hospital where the emergency treatment is available. Besides observation of patients' condition, registration of the name, age, address and the phone number of casualties should be done in the ambulance. Stick a label of the general information and the preliminary diagnosis of the patient on bare intact skin. The selection of casualties before transfer and the first aid at the airport are very important for successful short distance trip by helicopter.

Objective To investigate the attitudes of medical students regarding to organ donation compensation.Method A self administered questionnaire was distributed to 600 medical students selected randomly from two medical universities in China between January 2013 and January 2014.The questionnaire included demographics and core questions related to medical student's attitudes regarding organ donation compensation.Result A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 592 valid responses were received,including 150 doctoral students,143 master students and 299 undergraduate students.In all,69.8％ of medical students believed that compensation for organ donor was essential.Nearly 60.5 ％ believed financial compensation would increase the rate of organ donation but would not tarnish the behavior of organ donors (64.7％).At the same time,over 70％ of medical students believed that financial compensation would increase the number of living organ donation.With regarding to the ways of compensation,most of the students (80.4％) were in favor of priority on waiting list.Reducing or free of hospitalization costs (50.4％) and increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance (41.8％) were also the acceptable compensation ways to medical students.Conclusion Most of medical students believe that it is essential to give compensation to organ donors.Enjoying the priority on waiting list,reducing or free of hospitalization costs and increasing the reimbursement ratio of medical insurance are the reasonable incentive methods.

Objective To explore the appropriate operative methods for the treatment of CBD(common bile duct) stone in endoscopic era.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosed and treated data of 309 patients with suspected CBD stones with ERCP,LC+ERCP and LECBD(laparoscopic exploration of the commonbile duct) from January 2004 to July 2008 in our hospital.Results A total of 216 patients receivedERCP,among them 97(44.9%) cases had CBD stone,and there was the trend that the number of patients who received ERCP reduced yearly.Among the 93 patients who received LECBD,71 cases were successful and 22 cases were converted to open operation.Of the 71 cases,transcystic duct CBD exploration was done in 11 cases,direct CBD exploration in 60 cases,and 6 cases had primary closure of CBD.The number of cases that received LECBD grew steadily with time.There was no difference in successful operative rate,intraoperative bleeding and residual calculi rate between ERCP+LC and LECBD group.The operative time,postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in LECBD.group were significantly lower than those in LC+ERCP group.Conclusions LECBD is better than LC+ERCP in the treatment of CBD stones,but in the endoscopic era,the selection of an individualized treatment approach is the best operative method for the management of CBD stone.

0.05),but incidence of postoperative complications and residual calculus in LC+LCBDE group were significant lower than those in LC+EST group.Conclusions Combining LC with LCBDE is a feasible treatment for cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis.

AIM: To compare the change of visual quality of femtosecond-laser in situ keratomileusis ( FS-LASIK) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK) for myopia.
METHODS: A retrospective case series. A total of 89 cases 178 eyes were chosen from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015. There were 46 cases (92 eyes) in FS-LASIK and 43 cases 86 eyes in LASIK. The visual acuity, refraction state, subjective visual quality score, high order aberration were measured at 6mo after surgery.
RESULTS: All patients underwent operation smoothly, and no complication was observed during and after surgery; there was no statistically significant difference between two groups at visual acuity (P>0. 05). Postoperative diopter compared with preoperative expectations diopter difference is statistically significant between two groups (P<0. 05). Subjective visual quality score was compared statistically significant postoperative 6mo in two groups(P<0. 05). Six months after surgery in the two groups of patients with corneal aberration RMS values, spherical aberration and coma compared with preoperative increases, more than the expansion of the size of the FS-LASIK group low mechanical plate layer knife group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser corneal flap is more accurate and reliable and the discrete degree is smaller. It can make more thin corneal flap. Femtosecond laser disc of LASIK surgery compare with traditional mechanical plate layer knife following LASIK has better visual quality.

AimTo evaluate the effects of different doses of valsartan on blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) . MethodsEighteen SHR(fourteenweek-old, male) were divided into three groups (six rats in each group ): SHR control group in which the rats were fed with normal saline; low dose valsartan group in which the rats were fed with valsartan 8 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and high dose valsartan group in which the rats were fed with valsartan 24 mg · kg -1 · d-1, all for 8 weeks. The rats in the WKY control group(n ＝ 6) were fed with normal saline for 8 weeks. Results SBP, LVM/ BW and TDM of SHR were remarkably lower than those of the control after drug intervention, and the effect on SBP, LVM/ BW and TDM was most remarkable in the high dose valsartan group. ConclusionDifferent doses of valsartan can decrease SBP of SHR and inhibit the progression of ventricular hypertrophy.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between axial length ( AL ) , corneal and lens refractive power, and the refractive error in children.
METHODS:Totally 44 children 88 eyes with refractive error who underwent retinoscopy with cycloplegia, to be measured spherical equivalent refractive error. Axial length was measured by a noncontact optical biometry ( ZEISS IOL-Master) , and corneal K and anterior chamber depth ( ACD) were also measured by the same machine. The refractive power of the lens was calculated by using the SRK formula. The patients were divided into 3 groups, myopia (SE<0), hyperopia (SE>+0. 50D) and emmetropia ( 0 to + 0. 50D ). Linear Correlation and Regression were used to evaluate the correlation among the optical parameters.
RESULTS:Totally 44 subjects, 88 eyes, average 9. 04±2.39 years, spherical equivalent (SE) -3. 50D to +8. 75D. Hyperopic AL was shorter than the other two groups ( P<0.05), same trend in lens power. No significant differences among the 3 groups in corneal K and ACD. There was a negative correlation between age and SE, SE and AL, SE and lens refractive power, and there was a positive correlation between age and AL, age and lens power.
CONCLUSION:As the children's growing up, SE trends to myopia, and AL becomes longer, and lens power is stronger.

Hypertension, which has variant of pathogenesis, is one of the most widely spread chronic diseases with serious complications. Antihypertensive drugs can reduce blood pressure and alleviate or reverse cardiovascular remodeling by affecting one or more processes of blood pressure adjusting system. This review focus on targets of antihypertensive drugs associated with Renin angiotensin system, Adrenergic system, Bradykinin Prostacyclin system, Endothelia factor relative system, iron channels and the progresses in the studies of gene therapy for hypertension.

Atherosclerosis is a pathegenesis process involved in the inflammatory and proliferative responses of cells in which endothelial cells have an important function in the regulation of a variety of genes. A variety of molecules have been identified in the atherosclerotic environment that are able to activate NF ?B. Possible functional implications for activated NF ?B in atherogenesis are discussed by protecting endothelial cells selectively, perhaps, it may provide a new method for the therapy of the atherosclerosis.

Objective Owing to limitations in issues of access,tissue manipulation,and secure tissue approximation/closure,natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)has been developed slowly over the years.In this study,we employed a new approach,transumbilical endoscopic surgery(TUES)to treat 26 patients with gallbladder diseases.Methods A total of 26 patients including 21 cases of gallbladder stone and 5 cases of polyps underwent TUES cholecystectomy in our hospital.Two 5-mm trocars were placed through an infra-umbilicus incision.A mini grasper was placed at the right upper abdomen to grasp the fundus of gallbladder,so that the gallbladder can be dissected and removed by using conventional laparoscopic instruments.Results The operation was completed in all the cases except in one,who was converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery because of intraoperative bleeding.The operation time was between 25 and 50 minutes with a mean of 35 minutes.No postoperative bleeding or bile leakage occurred in this group of patients.Satisfying cosmetic results were achieved on the abdomen.Conclusions Double trocar transumbilical endoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible,and is simpler and safer than NOTES technique.Patients should be carefully selected at the beginning stage.