Drug resistance is the main restriction factor for clinical usage of taxanes.This review concentrates on drug-resistance mechanisms of taxanes that include drug target change,avidity change between drug-target interaction,decrease of cellular effective drug concentration,downstream cellular responses to a drug target molecular lesion,and cell cycle regulation-mediated drug resistance.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Female ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of male age on the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 7,533 cycles of IVF-ET performed between January 1, 2009 and October 31, 2013. We divided the samples into three groups according to the female age (< 30, 30-34, and 35-38 yr), each again subdivided into six groups based on the male age (< 30, 30-32, 33-35, 36-38, 39-41, and ≥ 42 yr). We compared the rates of implantation, pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth among different age groups.

RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in basal E2, FSH, endometrium thickness on the day of hCG administration, number of oocytes retrieved, and days of embryo transfer among different male age groups (P > 0.05). The implantation rate showed an age-dependent decrease in the < 30, 30-32, 33-35, 36-38, 39-41, and ≥ 42 yr male groups, 41.1, 42.0, 39.5, 31.3, 40.7, and 48.6% among the women aged < 30 years (P < 0.05), 40.3, 36.4, 35.1, 35.3, 29.4, and 37.3% among the women aged 30-34 years (P < 0.05), and 48.2, 17.8, 25.3, 23.5, 22.1, and 23.8% among the women aged 35-38 years (P < 0.05). The miscarriage rate was significantly higher in the ≥ 39 yr than in the 30-32 and 33-35 yr male age groups among the women aged 30-34 years (P < 0.05), but showed no remarkable differences among the other male age groups in the women aged < 30 and 35-38 years (P > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the rates of pregnancy and live birth among different male age groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMale age has some influence on the rates of implantation and miscarriage but not on the rates of pregnancy and live birth in IVF-ET.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; epidemiology ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors

Purpose To investigate the curative effect of electroacupuncture on anxiety neurosis. Method Twenty-six female patients with extensive anxiety neurosis were selected according to CCMD-2-R diagnostic criteria. Evaluations based on STAI were made before and after electroacupuncture treatment for 4 times. Points Baihui ( GV 20), Shangxing ( GV 23), Neiguan ( PC 6),Shenmen ( HT 7 ), Zusanli ( ST 36), Sanyinjiao ( SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3 ) were selected for electroacupuncture treatment. One course of treatment consisted of 10 days and a total of 3 courses were carried out. Results The effective rate was 80.8% at the completion of treatment. The scores of state-anxiety index (S-Al) and typical-anxiety index (T-Al) were significantly decreased as compared with before the treatment ( P < 0.01 ), especially in the patients with recovery or improvement (P <0.01 and P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Electroacupuncture treatment has a good effect on extensive anxiety disorder and can avoid the dependence of the patients on anxio lytics.

Objective To evaluate the differential diagnostic value of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in adenosis of the breast and breast cancer.Methods 30 cases of adenosis and 45 cases of breast cancer with pathological verification were scanned with DCE-MRI and DWI.The MRI features of the lesions were analyzed, including shape,margin,T2WI singal, features of enhancement, time intensity curve(TIC) type, early enhancement rate(EER),peak time, background enhancement and ADC value.Results The irregular margin with or without spiculation and the heterogeneous enhancement were mostly seen in breast cancer (P=0.002,P=0.009, respectively).The TIC type Ⅲ, EER larger than 100% and peak time within 2 minutes were mostly seen in breast cancer(P<0.001).The ADC of breast cancer and adenosis were (1.03±0.24)×10-3mm2/s and (1.34±0.30)×10-3mm2/s respectively(P<0.001).The features of shape,T2WI singal and background enhancement had no statistical significance between adenosis and cancer(P>0.05).Conclusion DCE-MRI combined with DWI will be helpful to the diagnosis of breast lesions.

Background and qurpose:Docetaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents developed in the past few years and has been used for the treatment of various cancers including lung cancer. Drug resistance to docetaxel is one of the main factors accounting for the failure of chemotherapy. This study was done to establish a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1 with the characterization of docetaxel resistance, to investigate its biological mechanism of drug resistance and how to reverse the resistance. Methods:A docetaxel resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1/Docetaxel was induced by continuously exposing human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1 to gradually increasing doses of docetaxel. The multidrug resistance of SPC-A1/Docetaxel was evaluated by MTT assay. The distribution of cell cycle and rhodamine 123 accumulation in the two cell lines were detected by flow cytometry. Growth fraction was calculated by cytometry, and differentiation of genetics between drug resistance cell line and its parent cell line was analyzed by karyotype analysis.Results:Index number of drug resistance (IR) of SPC-A1/Docetaxel were 13.20, 2.18,1.12,1.39,1.38,0.93, 10.14 and 2.12 to docetaxel, paclitaxel, pharmorubicin, cisplatin,carboplatin, gemzar, vinorelbine and etoposide , respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed G1/G0 arrest in SPC-A1/Docetaxel cell lines and there was no difference in terms of G2 cell proportion between SPC-A1/Docetaxel and SPC-A1 cell lines. Rhodamine concentration in SPC-A1/Docetaxel cells were markedly lower than that in SPC-A1 cells(806.34?0.49 Vs. 1382.26?0.32). Cell doubling time of SPC-A1/Docetaxel cells and SPC-A1 cells were 35.1 and 27.4 hours, respectively, with no difference in terms of genetics between the two cell lines.Conclusions:The SPC-A1/Docetaxel cell line showed high resistance to docetaxel, and had the characteristic of multidrug resistance. The cell line could be useful for the study of drug resistant mechanism and its reversal of docetaxel.

Objective Differentiation of breast fibroadenoma from breast cancer is of great importance. The purpose of the ar-ticle was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the differentiation of breast fibroadenoma from breast cancer in DCE-TIC ( dynamic contrast enchancement-time intensity curve) platform type ( typeⅡ) . Methods Between March 2014 and May 2016, 64 patients were included in our study, 19 patients with breast fibroadenoma and 45 patients with breast cancer. All the patients underwent DCE-MRI ( dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging) examination before operation. Morpho-logic characteristics, hemodynamic characteristics, EER ( early enhancement rate) and ADC ( apparent diffusion coefficient) values were calculated and statistically compared. Results Among 19 cases of breast fibroadenoma, 9 cases were round or ovoid, 8 cases are lobulated, 2 cases were irregular, 15 cases with clear boundary, 14 cases in mammary gland vascular enlargement, 2 cases of slowinflows, 4 cases of moderate inflows, 13 cases of rapid inflows, and the average ADC value was ( 1. 47 ± 0. 38) × 10-3 mm2/s. Low signal separation present in 11 lesions of fibroadenoma. Among the 45 cases of breast cancer, 17 cases were round or ovoid, 7 cases were lobulat-ed, 21 cases were irregular, 11 cases with clear boundary, 38 cases of mammary gland vascular enlargement, 1 case of slow inflows, 5 ca-ses of moderate inflows, 39 cases of rapid inflows, and the averageADC values was (0.98±0.40)×10-3mm2/s. The shape, (χ2=9.176), margin (χ2=16.452), EER(χ2=18.489) and ADC between breast fibroadenoma and breast cancer were of significantly difference. No significant difference was found in the increased and enlarged blood vessels. The success of ADC values in differentation of breast fibroadenoma from breast cancer was statistically significant( P<0.001), and the area under the curve(AUC)of the ROC, sensitivity and specificity of VE were 94.7% and 71.1%. Conclusion Breast fibroadenoma are in fast inflows in the early phase on the DCE-MRI, and there are differences in morphologic characteristics and mass enhancement ways between patients with breast fibroadenoma and breast cancer. Morphologic characteristics combined with inter-nal low signal separation contribute to the differentiation of breast fibroadenoma from breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To extract sperm DNA from mixed stain by the modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method and to evaluate its application value. METHODS: Fifty-two mixed stains containing female STR genotypes detected by differential lysis method were collected. The sperm DNA was extracted by the modified method combined with silicon bead method, then genotyped with the Identifiler Kit, and compared with the results of genotyping by the conventional differential lysis method as control. RESULTS: Of the 52 samples, 38 samples with sole male STR genotypes in all loci were detected. The detection rate of male STR genotypes was 98.08% through the modified method combined with silicon bead method. CONCLUSION The modified differential lysis method combined with silicon bead method can be used in extraction of sperm DNA from mixed stain.
DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Silicon ; Spermatozoa

To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and absolute bioavailability of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) in rats. In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) method was established to determine the plasma concentrations of GA, GB and BB in rats after rats were administrated with the three drugs through ig and iv respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of three ginkgolide compounds were obtained by using pharmacokinetic software DAS 2. 0. After the inject of GA, GB and BB, the results showed Cmax at (513.9 ± 116.9), (701.3 ± 76.0), (5,255.6 ± 476.8) µg · L(-1) and AUC0.24h of (960.9 ± 268.5), (779.5 ± 140.6), (7,409.3 ± 1,181.1) µg · h · L(-1), respectively; after the oral administration, the results showed Cmax at (522.9 ± 39.9), (146.8 ± 31.6), (2,711.9 ± 588.9) µg · L(-1) and AUC0-24 h of (1,760.4 ± 300.7), (636.6 ± 180.3), (16,651.4 ± 1,306.5) µg · h · L(-1), respectively. The absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats was (61.1 ± 10.4)%, (27.2 ± 7.7)%, (56.2 ± 4.4)%, respectively. The method established in this experiment has a good specificity and sensitivity and so can be used to study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacokinetics ; Furans ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the clinical value of intraoperative ultrasound guided precise positioning and enucleation of the functional islet cell tumor.Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with functional islet cell tumor who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2005 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The method of precise positioning,surgical approach and prognosis of the patients were reviewed.Results The accurate rates of computed tomography (CT),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transabdominal B ultrasound in detecting the position of the functional islet cell tumors were 12/18,2/6 and 7/13,respectively,and the diameters of the tumors were (1.7 ±0.8)cm,(1.3 ±0.2)cm and (1.9 ±0.9)cm,respectively.The accurate rates of arterial stimulation venous sampling and pancreatic perfusion CT imaging were 100％,and the diameters of the tumor detected were (0.7 ± 0.3) cm and (0.9 ± 0.4) cm.The accurate rate of intraoperative B ultrasound examination was 14/14,and the diameter of the tumor was (1.5 ± 0.6)cm.Routine surgery was carried out on 6 patients,and 2 patients were complicated with grade C pancreatic fistula,and 1 was complicated with grade A pancreatic fistula.Fourteen patients received precise enucleation of islet cell tumor,and 4 patients were complicated with grade A pancreatic fistula.Twenty patients were followed up.The general condition of the patients was good till April 2012,and no death,tumor recurrence and metastasis were detected.Conclusions Combination of pre-and intraoperative imaging positioning could precisely locate functional islet cell tumor.If the distance between the tumor and main pancreatic duct is above 3 mm,precise enucleation of the islet cell tumor should be considered.