The Non-neuronal Acetylcholine System,including acetylcholine(NNAs),choline acetyltransferase,acetylcholinesterase,muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors,has been identified in numerous non-neuronal cells and tissues,including keratinocytes,cancer cells,immune cells and reproductive organs.NNAs is involved in regulation of their function and related to the pathophysiology of several diseases.This review investigates the research progress of NNAs and describes the structure and function of NNAs in different cells,such as glial cell,endothelium,epithelia and lymphocyte.NNAs is not the same as neuronal acetylcholine system,neither is the same in different cells.

Objective To study the preventive effect of small-dose fluconazol adiministered in low frequency on nosocomial fungal infectoin.Methods The condition of nosocomial fungal infection among 200 patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)were observed,who were suffered with serious infection or basic diseases and underwent broad-spectrum or ultra-broad spectrum antibiotic and steroid hormones treatment.These patients were divided imto treatment and control group.And the patients in treatment group received fluconazol[5 mg/(kg?time)once every 2 days,total 3 times,after that,twice 1 week till improved] to prevent fungal infection .The control group were treated with fluconazol [6-10 mg/(kg?time),once everyday for 10-14 days] after fungal infection.Results The incidence rate of nosocomial fungal infectoin of control group was 58.3%(56 out of 96 cases,which were 44 cases of mouth,5 cases of respiratory tract ,5 cases of digestive tract and 2 cases of urethra ) and that of treatment group was 1.9%(2 out of 104 cases, which were 2 cases of mouth).In control group,37 cases were cured,17 cases improved and 2 cases were not effective.Mouth fungal infection in treatment group was gently and cured with 1 or 2 times of local treatment .The treatment group didn′t occured liver function damage or aggravation.Conclusion For PICU patients, adiministration of small-dose flucomazol in low frequency is an effective and relatively safety method to prevent against nosocomial fungal infectoin.

Arteriovenous Fistula ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemoptysis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and the timing of continuous blood purification(CBP) in patients with multiple or-gan dysfunction syndrome(MODS) and acute renal failure(ARF) following cardiac surgery. Methods From November,2003 to July,2007,thirty-one patients with MODS and ARF following cardiac surgery were treated with CBP. They were divided into two groups, alive group ( group A) and dead group ( group B). Clinical data of the two groups were reviewed. Before CBP, duration of extracorporeal circulation, du-ated. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygenic index (PaO2/FiO2), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT) and renal function (blood urea nitrogen, BUN, ercatinine, Cr) were observed before and after CBP. Results The number of im-paired organs of patients in group B was significantly more than that in group A before CBP ( P＜0.05). MODS scores ( 12.9±3.2 vs 6.9 ±2.3, P＜0.05) and APACHE Ⅱ scores (26.3±10.4 vs 17.2±5.1, P＜0.05)of group B were significantly higher than those of group A before CBP. After treatment of CBP for 24 hours, APACHE Ⅱ scores and MODS scores only significantly decreased in group A (P＜0.05 ). After treatment of CBP, Cr and BUN significantly reduced, while MAP and PaO2/FiO2 increased, in all patients, but HR was signif-icantly lower than that before CBP in group A (P＜0.05). The duration of ARF (34.67±32.79 hours vs 13.05±14.09 hours,P＜cantly higher than those of group A. Conclusion MODS scores and APACHE II scores can be used to evaluate the severity of patients with MODS and ARF after cardiac surgery. CBP is an effective treatment for these patients. It is suggested that early CBP therapy is important for reducing the chances of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality of these patients.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Xiaoruzeng capsule on the gastric acid and pepsin in rats. METHODS:Rats were randomized into a blank group (distilled water),a positive control group (3.6 mg/kg omeprazole ) and the groups of low, middle and high doses of Xiaoruzeng capsule [2.25,4.5,9.1 g(crude drug)/kg]. These groups were respectively marked as groups A,B,C,D and E,with 10 rats in each group. All the rats were given corresponding drugs,ig,for consecutive 10 d. Their suc-cus gastricus was collected 3 h after the last administration,and determined for pH value with precision pH test strip and for free acidity and total acidity by acid-base neutralization titration method. The content and activity of pepsin were determined and calculat-ed with the test kit and microplate reader. The pathological change of the stomach was observed under the electron microscope. RE-SULTS:Compared with group A,groups B,C and D had higher pH value of succus gastricus;groups C,D and E had lower free acidity;groups B,C and D had lower total acidity,group E had higher total acidity;groups B,D and E had lower activity of pep-sin;and group C had higher content of pepsin. Compared with group B,group D had lower pH value of succus gastricus;group C had lower total acidity;group E had higher acidity;and groups C,D and E had higher activity of pepsin. There was statistical sig-nificance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Gastric mucosal erosive haemorrhage was noted in three rats in group E,and other groups demon-strated no obvious pathological change. CONCLUSIONS:Low dose of Xiaoruzeng capsule can slightly inhibit the gastric acid in rats,but will not effect the activity of pepsin.

Objective To upregulate Notch signaling in cancer cells by overexpression of active part of Notch1 and to examine the proliferation of the cells. Methods Four cancer cell lines were infected with retrovirus recombined with sequence encoding active part of Notch1.CBF-1 reporter plasmid was used to detect Notch signaling and proliferation assay was carried out by MTS method.Cell cycle analysis was synchronously conducted. Results The overexpression of the active part of Notch1 induced upregulation of Notch signaling,led to growth inhibition in Hela and HepG2 cell lines and growth boost in BGC-823 cell lines,while had no effect on Chang cell lines. Conclusion The upregulation of Notch signaling can exert various effects on different cancer cell lines which is critical to the gene therapy for cancers.

Characters of one Candida intermedia yeast strain which isolated from nature can produce ethanol from xylose-fermenting been systemic studied. In conditions 28?C, 120 r/min, 72 h, it can produce 6.480 g/L ethanol from 7% xylose and 43.70% theoretical production of ethanol from 3% xylose. It can produce up to 21.225 g/L ethanol when incubation time prolong to 156 h from 8% xylose. It also can ferment 13% glucose produce 47.647 g/L ethanol and reach 76.90% of theoretical ethanol production, respectively. Compared to CK, ethanol productivity can be improved 9.91% when add 8% xylose in three times as 3%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Glucose can be first utilized in the mixture sugar medium. When the ratio of xylose vs. glucose is 3:1in mixture sugar, the productivity of ethanol can be improving 25%.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Syndrome ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use

Aim: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of 3-methyl-7, 8-dihydroxy-isochroman-4-one in the peel of Musa sapientum. Methods: A column of Shimadzu ODS-C_(18) column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm), and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(9:91:0. 1) were adopted. A detect wavelength of 283 nm, a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and a column temperature of 35 ℃ were set. Results: The content of 3-methyl-7,8-dihydroxy-isochroman-4-one in the peel of Musa sapientum was 0.029 5%-0.036 7%. Calibration curve was linear over the range 1. 09-13. 08 μg. The average recovery was 100. 0%. The assay variability value was 0. 64 %(n=9). Conclusion: The method can be used for the quality control of Musa sapientum.

Aim: Synthesized N-acylated chitosan(NAC) was used to anchor on the surface of plain docetaxel li-posomes( PDL) in order to to sustain drug release. Methods; NAC of low substitution degrees were prepared using hexanoic(C_6), lauric( C_(12)), and palmitic( C_(16)) anhydrides. W-palmitoyl chitosan was chosen to anchor the do-cetaxel liposomes. In vitro release profiles of conventional liposmes and the anchored liposomes was compared. Results: Hexanoic(C_6), lauric( C_(12)), and palmitic( C_(16)) -branched chitosans were synthesized. It was found that N-acylated chitosan-anchored DXL liposomes (NDL) increase stabilities of docetaxel liposomes. 70% of docetaxel was released from PDL in 24 hours but 39% from NDL Conclusion: Liposomes anchored by the low substituted N-acylated chitosan could decrease the drug release.