A model of intestinal helminth control program for primary school children was conducted during two years in Thai Nguyen province, where a high prevalence of intestinal worm had been found before the intervention. Results of the base line surveys showed a cumulative infection rate of intestinal worm of 86.23%, of which Ascaris: 83.6%, Trichuris: 20.6%, and hookworm: 3.9%. The cure rate was 97% (+/-2.52%) after intervention, but the reinfection rate was 53.11 % (+/-1.43%) by 4 months after the first treatment, and 35.88% (+/-1.85%) after the second treatment. Thus, periodical mass treatment every 6 months is needed for intestinal worm infection control. KAP surveys were performed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of the children and their parents before and after intervention. The knowledge on the ways of transmission of worm infection and the role of environment among children and their parents was found to have been significantly improved immediately after the campaign of health education (P<0.05). Their attitude on the prevention of infection relating to the ways of infection, environment contamination and personal hygiene was enhanced significantly (P<0.05). Accordingly, their practice in term of intestinal worm infection control was also significantly enhanced (P<0.05), especially after the second round of health education and the school supervision. All families agreed to contribute budget to annual deworming program. The model was much supported by children, their parents and teachers for its high cost-effectiveness, easy application and safety, and therefore, it should be expanded to other places.
Helminths ; Child ; Therapeutics

OBJECTIVE:To provide the reference for industrial restructuring of pharmaceutical manufacturers in Jiangsu province.METHODS:Shift-share method was employed to analyze the competition among branch industries of pharmaceutical manufacturers in Jiangsu province.RESULT&CONCLUSION:The competitiveness of branch industries ranks as follows:chemical preparation manufacturing industry,chemical crude drug manufacturing industry,Chinese crude drug and Chinese patent drug processing industry,biologic product manufacturing industry,and animal drug manufacturing industry.

BACKGROUND:By analyzing the current difficulties faced by human organ transplantation and social factors which lead to organ transplant donor shortage in China, people are found to be generaly lack of knowledge about organ transplant and donation process. OBJECTIVE: To make a tentative probe into the construction of organ donation social mission system on four aspects, namely the importance, ethical principles, current situation and countermeasures, and to provide scientific advice and information for organ donation publicity and education. METHODS: Articles about organ donation and organ transplantation were retrieved from CQVIP, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Medline System from January 2005 to November 2014 with the key words of “organ donation, organ transplantation, shortage of donor, body donation, education system” in both Chinese and English. After secondary manual retrieval of organ donation coordinator, literature were included if they involved organ donation coordinator and organ donation and transplantation related policies and regulations. This paper put forward countermeasures for the construction of human organ donation social mission system in China based on the literature induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This paper describes the necessity of organ donation education system, systematicaly analyzes the existing problems for current organ donation education problems and ethical principles that should be folowed, and explore the construction strategy of human organ donation social mission system in China. The way to relieve tension of organ transplant donor and expand donor sources is to win broad support and understanding of citizens, which can ensure the sustainable development of organ donation work. So, it is very important to build the human organ donation social mission system.

Animals ; Humans ; Neurotoxins ; toxicity ; Pesticides ; toxicity ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Toxicology

BACKGROUND: For the purpose of keeping the merits of traditional actual cautery, we improved traditional actual cautery and developed a pistollike electrocautery which has the function of heating and spraying oilpreparation (it has been issued national patent, patent number: 17634; patent number of medical electrocautery: 872106187). OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of unique electrocautery of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on treating chronic tonsillitis as compared with cautery.DESIGN: Random sampling and case-controlled study.SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Surgical Department of Liaoning Oncology Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 80 patients with hypertrophy of tonsil were selected from the Department of Otolaryngology of the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1989. Inclusion criteria: degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ of tonsil hypertrophy, without other serious cardiovascular and cerebral diseases, and consent. Exclusion criteria: attempted cauterization, cease of treatment, incomplete case history having complication, and not acceptance. Totally 40 patients were coincidence with the criteria including 22 males and 18 females aged from 5 to 40 years.METHODS: Mild and potent cauterization was adopted according to whether there was chronic congestion in tonsil. For patients with degree Ⅲ of tonsil hypertrophy without obvious congestion, potent cauterization with large size cautery was adopted at 700-800 ℃, if with chronic congestion,potent cauterization with large or middle size cautery at 500-600 ℃ and mild cauterization was adopted; For patients with degree Ⅱ of hypertrophy of tonsil without obvious congestion, potent cauterization with middle size cautery was adopted at 700-800 ℃, if with chronic congestion, mild cauterization with middle or small size cautery was adopted at 500-600 ℃; for patient with first degree of hypertrophy of tonsil without obvious congestion, potent cauterization with small size cautery was adopted at 600-700 ℃, if with chronic congestion, mild cauterization with small size cautery was used at 500 ℃. Cauterization of TCM was not of rather good therapeutic effect on degree Ⅰ of tonsil hypertrophy than on degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ of hypertrophy of tonsil. Regardless of which degree of hypertrophy of tonsil and congestion, mild cauterization should be adopted at low degree of heat if there was pain radiating to the ear region or pharyngopalatine arch becoming surface-like structure. The average interval between each cauterization was 2-3 days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Size of tonsil and histological changes of patients with degrees of Ⅱ and Ⅲll tonsil hypertrophy after cauterization.RESULTS: Totally 40 patients with degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ of tonsil hypertrophy were treated with cautery without any loss. ① Tissues were thickened after each cautery, 38 cases received only 4-10 times of cauterization, and half of the total number of the patients received 7-8 times of cauterization (9/22.5%, 9/22.5%). ② Electrocautery could reduce course of treatment to 1/4 of that of actual cautery. Degree of hypertrophy of tonsil was of no direct ratio to cauterizing times in that 22 patients with degree Ⅱ of hypertrophy of tonsil received 4-10 times of cauterization; while 18 cases of patients with degree Ⅲ of hypertrophy, 2 patients received 13 times of cauterization, the other received 7-10 times of cauterization. ③ A patch of black and brown cauterized scab was formed after each electrocautery on the surface of tonsil; superfical layer was of faveolate structure with different sized eosin dyed mesh; the deep layer was of dull grey oblique and interdigitating cord like structure with necrotic tissues without being dyed and survival lymphocyte in the space between cord, the lymphocyte had the changes of karyo pyknosis and nuclear fragmentation or disappearing of red dyed nuclear. Compared with actual cautery, cauterization of necrotic layer was obviously thickening and easy to exfoliate in electrocautery of TCM. ④ After 24 hours of cauterization, necrotic tissues migrated to normal lymphatic area presented with such inflammatory changes as vascular dilation, widening of lymphocyte space and infiltration of neutrophil. The degrees of above mentioned changes between electrocautery of TCM and actual cautery achieve no significant difference and the inflammatory changes disappeared in 4-5 days.CONCLUSION: Because of high temperature, few cauterized times and short course, electrocautery of TCM has a remarkable effect on degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ of tonsil hypertrophy; however, various textures, degrees of hyperemia, ages and co-operations can cause different cauterized times.

Objective To use detergents and nucleic acid enzyme to prepare scaffold of extracellular ma-trix , then assess the morphological and cytotoxic changes in vitro , and explore the feasibility of this type of scaffold as an ideal tissue-engineering scaffold. Methods Fifty pieces of fresh nucleus pulposus were randomly divided into a fresh control group and a decellularized group. The specimens in decellularized group were treated with 0.3%Tri-ton X-100, 0.5%sodium deoxycholate, and nuclease for 24 h. Morphological changes were studied by macroscopy, pathological staining and scanning electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was determined by CCK-8 and LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Kit in vitro. Results The shape of scaffold was maintained,and the extracellular ma-trix was presented while the cells disappeared after decellularization. As compared with the fresh tissue , the scaffold and its extracts had no cytotoxicity to rabbit bone marrow stem cells. Conclusions Almost all the cells have been removed while the extracellular matrix is reserved , and the scaffold has no cytotoxicity to the seed cells. The decel-lularized scaffold can be used as an ideal substance to fabricate tissue-engineering nucleus pulposus.

Objective To explore the possible association between human leukocyte antigen(HLA) allele polymorphism and susceptibility to chlidren's acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL).Method HLA alleles polymorphism in 38 cases with ALL and 35 healthy controls were determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with sequence specific olignuleotide probe(PCR/SSO).Results The allele frequency of HLA-A01 significantly increased than control group(?2=4.947 P=0.026,RR=10.20),the frequence of A02 significantly decreased(?2=4.187 P=0.041,RR=3.13),the frequcnce of A33 significunt decreased than control group(?2=4.403 P=0.036,RR=0.21).Conclusion These results show that susceptibility to chlidren's ALL is positively related to HLA-A01,A33,especially A01 allele,while HLA-A33 to its genetic resistance.

Adult ; Construction Materials ; adverse effects ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicon Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Silicosis ; etiology

Objective:To investigate the modulating effects of anti-epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibody Cetux- imab(C225)on the ehemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in a Docetaxel-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1/doeetaxel.Methods:Radiosensitivity of SPC-A-1/docetaxel was determined by clone formation experiment and quantified by calculating the enhancement ratio(ER).The growth inhibition of SPC-A-1/docetaxel cell line caused by C225 or combination of C225 and Docetaxel in different orders was detected by MTT assay.The effect of C225 on cell cy- cle distribution and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.Results:C225 combined with radiation significantly de- creased the number of the cell clones than radiation alone;the D_0 values were 1.73 Gy for the former and 2.39 Gy for the latter,and the enhancement ratio was 1.38.C225 alone at concentration up to 1000?g/ml for 48h had neither cytotoxic nor eytostatie effect on SPC-A-1/docetaxel in vitro.C225 administration followed by Docetaxel significantly decreased the ICw of Docetaxel(85.2?g/ml vs 128.7?g/ml).Flow cytometry demonstrated that C225 exposure induced apoptosis of SPC-A-1/docetaxel cells in a time-dependent manner.The cell in the G_0/G_1 fraction increased from(43.80?4.46)% to (60.50?6.57)%(P

Bdellovibrio bacteria BDF-H16 was isolated from the gut of Carassius auratus gibelio with Aeromonas sobria.Its shape was ob- served by light microscopy,phase-contrast microscopy,electron microscopy and some of its biological characteristics were also studied.It was demonstrated that BDF-H16 was an gram-negative bacterium and had a bacilliform or arc bacilliform shape with a flagellum at one end.Its size was mostly 0.2?m～0.5?m?0.8?m～1.2?m.It had a wide prey area and could lyse all tested gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria.The best lysis conditions to Escherichia coli were 6.75?10~9 cfu/mL of prey bacteria concentration,pH7.0～7.5,28℃.It could grow in the solid culture added 0.85%～5.00% NaCl and was inhibited by enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.