SUMMARY Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection affecting children and therefore, prompt recognition and accurate antimicrobial management are vital to prevent kidney damage. This study aims to determine the bacterial pathogens and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance in children presenting with UTI. Methods: A retrospective study of 721 cases, involving children between the ages of 1-day old to 13 years old with culture-proven UTI in Selayang Hospital, Malaysia between January 2007 and December 2011. The bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns in the total population, prophylaxis and no prophylaxis groups were studied. Results: The 3 most common organisms isolated in the total population were E.Coli (41.6%), Klebsiella spp. (21.2%) and Enterococcus spp. (11.0%). With regards to the antibiotic resistance, E.Coli resistance rates to ampicillin, cefuroxime and gentamicin were 67.7%, 15.3% and 7.3% respectively. Ampicillin-resistance was also highest in Klebsiella spp. (84.3%), Enterococcus spp. (15.5%) and Proteus spp. (55.5%). Conclusion: E.coli remains to be the leading bacterial pathogen causing UTI in children, with ampicillin-resistance occurring in more than half of these cases. Therefore, accurate choice of antibiotics is important to ensure optimal outcome. In our study, cefuroxime and gentamicin have lower antibiotic resistance rates and can be used in the treatment of UTI in children.
Urinary Tract Infections

Introduction: The Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire developed by C. Rodriguez Martinez in 2005 was proved to be a valid instrument for asthma knowledge assessment for parents of children with asthma. 17 items were included in the questionnaire including their myths and beliefs, knowledge, and associated aspects. The objective of this study is to analyse the validity and reliability of the Malay version of the questionnaire. Methods: Forward-Backward translation method was used by language experts to obtain the Malay version of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was then given to twenty respondents at the Paediatric Institute Hospital Kuala Lumpur to ensure the clarity and relevance of the questionnaire as a pilot study. Subsequently, 60 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected to proceed with the reliability test of the Malay version questionnaire. The results were analysed with SPSS version 26.0. The reliability and internal consistency were confirmed by intra-class correlation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: There were 60 respondents to the questionnaire consisting of parents and caretaker who has child with asthma at the Institute of Paediatric Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The mean age of respondents was 34 ± 7.5year old. 91.7% of the respondents were female. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.84. Conclusion: The Malay version of the Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire has a good degree of validity, reliability and is culturally acceptable equivalent to the original version.