Objectives To investigate the specific site for measuring inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT),and to provide reference data of the course of the IANC of the crowd.Methods This study was a retrospective data analysis.One hundred and thirty CBCT cases were measured and compared after classification by gender and age (65 men and 65 women,65 middle age and 65 youth).Since the proximal center of the mental foramen area,the cross-section at which the mental hole just completely breaks the buccal cortical bone was defined as S1,and S2,S3,S4 were defined as cross-sections with 1-cm apart from each other since S1.L1,L2,L3,and L4 were measured as the distance from specific sites on the outer wall of the IANC to the alveolar crest,the outer wall of lingual lateral cortical bone,the mandibular minimum margin,and the outer wall of buccal cortical bone.The results were analyzed using independent samples t test,with P＜0.05 being considered statistically significant.Results On the right IANC S2L1,S3L1,S4L1,S2L2,S3L2,S4L2,S1L3,S3L4,the 8 groups of L values measured on these 8 sites,all showed differences between genders (P＜0.05).So did the 10 groups of L values measured on the left IANC S1L1,S2L1,S3L1,S4L1,S1L2,S3L2,S4L2,S2L3,S3L3,S4L4 (P＜0.05).The middle age group and the youth group were statistically different for the data measured on the right IANC S2L4 (P＜0.05).This was the same case for the data measured on the left IANC S1L3.When classified according to gender,L1 in the S1 to S4 sections firstly increased and then decreased,and eventually decreased.The change pattern of L3 was opposite to that of L1.L2 in the S1 to S4 sections firstly decreased and then decreased,and eventually increased.The change pattern of L4 was opposite to that of L2.When the samples were classified according to age,the change pattern L value in the S1 to S4 sections was the same as that under gender classification.Conclusions The effect of gender on the L value of individuals is relatively great,while the effect of age on the L value of individuals value is very small.Setting the corresponding long axis of mandible as a reference,the change pattern of IANC in the mandible can be deduced based on the change of L value from S 1 to S4:from S1 to S4,the course of IANC on the vertical direction is firstly downward,tben turns to upward and goes upward;from S1 to S4,the trend of IANC on the horizontal direction is firstly toward the side of tongue,and eventually turns towards the buccal side.The current study provides reference data for IANC-related anatomy from the mandibular foramen to the mandibular second molars.

Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

Objective To explore the effect of the Blood Circulation Punching Apparatus in the blood pressure of the spinal cord injury(SCI) patient with hypotension.Methods 28 patients with spinal cord injury were divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. The blood pressure was recorded before and after treatment, then changes of the blood pressure were compared.Results Both diastolic and systolic blood pressure increased in two groups（P<0.05）. Though no significant difference was found between two groups before treatment, significant difference was found between two groups after treatment（P<0.05）.Conclusion The Blood Circulation Punching Apparatus could improve the blood pressure of SCI patients with hypotension significantly.

由于近期地震,在ICU内多脏器功能衰竭的发生率与病死率极高,对高危患者进行严密监测,能早诊断、早治疗,积极护理,阻断由单一受累脏器向多脏器发展的病理生理过程,从而降低病死率。肺部改变、肾改变、脑改变、心血管改变、胃肠道改变、肝脏改变、弥散性血管内凝血是导致多脏器功能衰竭的常见原因。脏器衰竭越多,病死率越高,2个器官衰竭病死率为30%,3个达70%,4个为90%～100%。严密的观察监测及积极护理,是维持良好的呼吸、循环、胃肠功能、肾功能,能使器官受损的严重性和数目降到最低限度。

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in adults of China has reached 12.8%. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for approximately 1/4-1/3 of the diabetic population. Several millions of people are estimated suffering the advanced stage of DR, including severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR), proliferative DR (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), which seriously threat to the patients' vision. On the basis of systematic prevention and control of diabetes and its complications, prevention of the moderate and high-risk NPDR from progressing to the advanced stage is the final efforts to avoid diabetic blindness. The implementation of the DR severity scale is helpful to assess the severity, risk factors for its progression, treatment efficacy and prognosis. In the eyes with vision-threatening DR, early application of biotherapy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor can improve DR with regression of retinal neovascularization, but whether it is possible to induce capillary re-canalization in the non-perfusion area needs more investigation. Laser photocoagulation remains the mainstay treatment for non-center-involved DME and PDR.

AIM:To study the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection ranibizumab (IVR) assisted 25G+ minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) in the treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: Totally 61 patients and 74 eyes were selected with severe PDR from March 2015 to June 2016 in our hospital.According to the principle of voluntary,37 eyes of 31 cases in the VRS before the IVR treatment was set to the joint group,37 eyes of 30 cases line pure VRS was set to the VRS group.We compared the vitreous volume,logMAR,mean IOP,macular central retinal thickness and complications between the 2 groups.RESULTS: The blood rate of glass in the combination group was 8% after 1wk of postoperative which was significantly lower than that of the VRS group 27% (x2=4.573,P=0.032).The glass volume blood rate of the combined group was 0 after 1mo of postoperative while the VRS was 16%(P=0.033).The blood rate of glass in the combination group was 0 at 3mo of postoperative,and 8% in the VRS group(P=0.238).The LogMAR in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the VRS group(t=2.320,P=0.023).There was no significant difference in the mean IOP between the two groups (t=0.516,P=0.608).The mean macular retinal thickness of the combined group was 298.8±78.3μm which significantly lower than the VRS group 357.1±86.2μm(t=3.045,P=0.003).The combined high ntraocular pressure rate of the combined group was 14% which was significantly lower than 32% of the control group(x2=10.385,P=0.001).The rate of anterior membrane of the retina of the combined group,the rate of recurrent traction and the rate of retinal detachment of the newborn were lower than that of the VRS group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: IVR assisted VRS,although there is a certain controversy,but in the appropriate dose,frequency and time to achieve significant efficacy,safety is also high.

The myopic population is growing rapidly worldwide,the treatment of myopia become one of the hot spots in ophthalmology.Medicine therapy of myopia is now commonly used to slow down the progression of myopia,and it has already been the most expected one.Among all the drugs,the effect of muscarinic antagonists has been recognized at home and abroad.Muscarinic antagonists,according to their different M receptors,own different interventional approaches and therapeutic effects.Muscarinic antagonists,such include atropine,pirenzepine,tropicamide and cyclopentolate,their pharmacology and adverse effects are analyzed in order to explore their safety and efficacy and evaluate their clinical value.This paper reviewed these aspects of muscarinic antagonists and raise the discussion and prospect of muscarinic antagonists in the treatment of myopia.

You ought to differentiate the cause, location, nature and trend of disease, for chronic nephritis. The causes inducing or worsening the disease can be exopathy, as well as internal injury, pathological substance and drug pathogenic factors; while the deficiency of Qi blood Yin Yang of organs is often the internal basis of the disease. The location mainly concerns lung, spleen, liver and kidney, esp. kidney. The nature is deficient root and excessive superficiality; its general trend mostly appears Qi deficiency-both deficiency of Qi and Yin(blood)- both deficiency of Yin and Yang, a discipline of gradual development, and wind, wetness, heat, stasis, sputum and toxin worsen the development of the disease.

Chronic nephritis is a common clinical refractory disease,with complex mechanism,hard and long to cure.The TCM treatment in Internal Classic has key guideline meaning and is proved in modern TCD pharmacology,such as "kidney governs spleen,spleen holds nutrition,dislikes dampness and governs outer guard" of spleen picture,etc.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the major causes of neonatal hospitalization,which is common in the early stage of the newborn and is characterized by skin and sclera yellow staining.The levels of serum total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin increased greatly in children,which may damage the brain function,kidney function,hearing and heart function of the newborn,even cause death.Research has found that hyperbilirubinemia can damage the brain nerve,hearing,kidney and heart of the newborn.The damage degree of target organs is positively related to serum bilirubin level.This article reviews the adverse effects of hyperbilirubinemia on newborns.