The management of emerging infectious diseases has always been given a high priority in public health. Identification of the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of emerging infectious diseases is of great significance to contain the disease transmission and reduce the damages to public health and socioeconomic developments. Currently, infectious disease dynamics models are mainly established based on infectious disease surveillance data to predict the epidemiological patterns and trends of emerging infectious diseases; however, many model-based predictions fail to achieve the expected results due to the presence of multiple uncertain factors during the integrated management of infectious diseases. This review describes the basic principles and variables of common infectious disease dynamics models, including the susceptible-infected-recovered ( SIR ) model, susceptible-infected-removed-susceptible ( SIRS ) model, susceptible-exposed-infected-removed ( SEIR ) model and improved SEIR model, compares the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and summarizes the advances of the infectious disease dynamics models in the prediction of trends in incidence of emerging infectious diseases, so as to provide insights into the effective application of infectious disease dynamics models in the management of infectious diseases.

Colorectal cancer is one of common gastrointestinal malignant diseases,with a rising incidence in our country.Human gut is colonized by intestinal flora which impacts host nutrient and energy metabolism,immune function.And there is an emerging concept that intestinal flora also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.In this paper,the role of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and possible mechanisms were reviewed.

AIM: To construct a human recombinant immunoglobulin library containing D-Dimer by using phage surface display technology. METHODS: Human immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain genes were amplified respectively by RT-PCR from different human lymphocytes using family specific primers and signal sequences of immunoglobulin as half-nested PCR primers. The heavy chain and light chain PCR products were cloned into phagemid vector pComb3H and the human immunoglobulin recombination library was generated with helper phage VCSM13. RESULTS: A human combinatorial antibody library consisting of 2.8?10~8 in dependent clones was generated with a titer of 4.1?10~(17)PFU/L. The recombinant frequency of Fab genes was 46%. CONCLUSION: A human combinatorial antibody library was generated. It will be beneficial for selecting Fab antibodies of D dimer from the library.

Objective Comparison of induction time on the proliferation of induced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) to differentiate into Schwann-like cells (iSC).Methods From March,2017 to October,2018,ADSCs were isolated from inguinal adipose tissue of healthy adult female SD rats.Flow cytometry was performed to detect ADSC positive markers CD29,CD90 and negative marker CD45.iSC induction medium was used to culture ADSC.S-100 and GFAP were detected by immunofluorescence staining to confirm that ADSC had differentiated into iSC.Morphological changes of cells were observed by inverted microscope on day 1st,4th,7th,10th,13rd,16th and 19th after induction.MTS assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation ability.Tunel staining was applied to assess cell apoptosis.Results Both S100 and GFAP were expressed in iSC.On day 7th,the cell proliferation rate was significantly slower than that before induction (A value was 0.330±0.020 vs.0.400±0.004,P＜0.05).It was negatively correlated with induction time.On day 19th,the proliferation rate of iSC was lower than 50％ of the proliferation rate before induction (A value was 0.016±0.003 vs.0.400±0.004,P＜0.05).Apoptosis of iSC was more obvious than ADSC at the same time point.Conclusion The proliferation ability of ADSC-induced iSC is optimal within 7 days after induction.

Objective To evaluate the safety and short‐term efficacy of delta‐shaped anastomosis in the Billroth‐I reconstruc‐tion of totally laparoscopic distal gastric cancer radical operation (TLDG) .Methods The clinical data in 35 patients with TLDG Delta anastomosis(TLDG group) and 35 patients with laparoscopic assisted distal gastric cancer radical operation (LADG) extraper‐itoneal anastomosis (LADG group) in the gastroenterology department of our hospital from January to December 2014 were ana‐lyzed retrospectively .The intraoperative bleeding volume ,operative time ,gastroenterological function recovery time ,hospitalization duration ,postoperative pathological examination results and hospitalization total cost were compared between the two groups .Re‐sults Seventy cases successfully completed the operation without the cases of conversion to laparotomy and death .The TLDG group had no anastomotic leakage ,bleeding and stenosis after operation ;while the LADG group had 1 case of gastroparesis ,1 case of anastomotic bleeding and 2 cases of anastomotic leakage .The introperative bleeding volume ,tumor size ,number of lymph nodes dissection and distant and proximal incisal margin distance had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>0 .05);the operation time ,digestive tract reconstruction time ,first exhaustion time ,time taking liquid diet and postoperative hospital stay time in the TLDG group were significantly shorter than those in LADG group (P< 0 .05) ,but the hospitalization cost was higher than that in the LADG group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The delta‐shaped anasto‐mosis technique is safe and feasible for using in LADG ,moreover has better short‐term effect .

The lack of depth perception and spatial orientation in two-dimensional image of traditional laparoscopy require long-term training of the surgeons. Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy provides stereoscopic visions as compared to monocular views in a traditional laparoscopic system. In this review, the authors summarize the clinical application of 3D laparoscopy and its current research progress.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; Laparoscopy ; methods

Objective:To investigate the role of IL-17A in the regulation of inflammatory factors and autophagy genes of PBMCs in pSS patients.Methods:Thirty patients fulfilled the diagnosis of pSS were selected, 20 mL of peripheral blood was drawn, PBMCs were isolated and divided into the PBMCs group, IL-17A stimulant group and IL-17A inhibitor group. After warm incubation 48 h of immunofluorescence was applied to detect microtubule-associated protein l light chain 3 (LC3), and the ELISA method was used to detect the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-13 expression. Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of autophagy-inducing genes Ambra-1, Bif-1 and apoptosis genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNA, and immunoprotein blotting was used to detect the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 protein. ANOVA was used to compare the differences between groups, and t-test was used for two-by-two comparisons. Results:The immunofluorescence results showed a significant increase in LC3 autophagic vesicles in the IL-17A inhibited group compared with the IL-17A stimulator group. The ELISA results showed that, compared with the PBMCs group [IL-4: (13.39±0.32) pg/ml, IFN-γ: (14.4±0.4) pg/ml, and IL-13: (854±36) pg/ml], IL-4 secretion in the IL-17A stimulated group (11.54±0.30) was decreased ( t=12.83, P=0.024), IFN-γ and IL-13 secretion [(17.6±0.4), (908±51) pg/ml] were increased ( t=19.35, P=0.033; t=2.55, P=0.020); compared with IL-17A inhibitor group [IL-4: (15.65±0.26) pg/ml, IFN-γ: (13.6±0.3) pg/ml, and IL-13: (792±57) pg/ml]. Compared with the IL-17A stimulator group, IL-4 secretion was decreased ( t=21.31, P=0.006), and IFN-γ and IL-13 expression was increased ( t=17.34, P=0.015; t=5.14, P=0.007). The PCR results showed that, compared with Ambra-1, Bif-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL mRNA expression (5.61±0.33, 5.04±0.60, 1.28±0.09, 1.56±0.03) in the PBMCs group, Ambra-1, Bif-1 mRNA in the IL-17A-stimulated group expression (3.76±0.24, 4.68±0.41) were down-regulated ( t=14.30, P=0.007; t=15.02, P=0.012), and Ambra-1, Bif-1 mRNA expression (7.91±1.17, 9.30±0.25) were increased in the IL-17A inhibition group, ( t=13.59, P=0.025; t=11.54, P=0.031), anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL mRNA expression (1.75±0.06, 2.43±0.16) was up-regulated in IL-17A stimulated group ( t=19.92, P=0.006; t=21.04, P=0.007) were up-regulated and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL mRNA expression (0.48±0.03, 0.83±0.10) were down-regulated in the IL-17A inhibition group ( t=29.44, P=0.027; t=16.31, P=0.023). The results of protein blotting assay showed that, Beclin-1 and LC3 protein expression (0.51±0.10, 0.559±0.010) were decreased in IL-17A stimulated group compared with Beclin-1, LC3 protein expression (0.72±0.09, 0.635±0.017) in PBMCs group ( t=14.38, P=0.034; t=17.99, P=0.014); BecLin-1 and LC3 protein expression (0.83±0.11, 0.737±0.025) increased in the IL-17A inhibition group ( t=9.72, P=0.027; t=22.35, P=0.007). Conclusion:IL-17A plays a role in pSS by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-13 and autophagy related genes Beclin1 and LC3.

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety, efficacy and feasibility of 3D laparoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy via a breast approach.

METHODSThe clinical data of 30 patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy via a breast approach were analyzed in comparison with 30 patients receiving traditional laparoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy during the period from September, 2013 to December, 2013. The operation time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay, and total hospitalization expenses were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe operation time in the 3D group was significantly shorter than that in the 2D group (45∓26.3 vs 62∓24.8 min, t=0.53, P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay and total hospitalization expenses did not show significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS3D laparoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy via a breast approach is safe and effective and shortens the operation time, and can be used as a routine operation for subtotal thyroidectomy.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Breast ; Drainage ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Period ; Thyroidectomy ; methods

Objective To establish a stable experimental model of vascularized composite allograft (VCA),which would facilitate us to study of the reaction and intervening measure regarding rejection reaction in the future.Methods From September,2016 to July,2017,30 healthy male New Zealand rabbits,weighted 2.5-3.0 kg each,were chosen.Their ears should be intact without defect or necrosis.All of them were randomly and eaqually divided into 2 groups:transverse amputated group and V-shaped amputated group.In situ ear replantation after the amputation was performed.Histology analysis of skin and cartilage were done through HE and TUNEL staining,in order to compare vital rate of these ears.Results Thirty rabbits underwent ear replantation,including 13 via transverse incision and 17 via V-shaped incision.In transverse group,no ear survived,and some of them encountered vein crisis gradually after operation.The survival time ranged from 1 day to 10 days.There were 2 ears survived in V-shaped group.From HE staining,it was found certain vacuolar degenerated cells within skin and cartilage in failure ears.The rates of cell necrosis and apoptosis were higher than the survived ears.Conclusion Rabbit ear replantation model is viable.However,the rabbit ear replantation model is not suitable to be used in large samples.

Objective To compare the differences in the intestinal microflora of WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Methods 16 WHBE rabbits and 16 JW rabbits were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group and IBS model group, respectively(n=8). The diarrhea-predominant IBS model was established by wet-heat stress combined with intragastric gavage of senna decoction. The abdominal circumference index,water content of feces and colonic transit function were observed. After sacrifice,colon tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and colon contents for intestinal flora diversity analysis. Results Compared with the NC group,the IBS model rabbits showed an increased abdominal circumference index and fecal water content,and a shortened colon transit time, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in the colon tissues. Meanwhile, the Shannon index and Chao1 index of IBS model rabbits were significantly decreased(P<0.05). According to the result of OTU classification analysis,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant bacteria in the intestinal microflora of rabbits. Compared with the NC group, the Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Akkermansia, and Streptococcus in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group were significantly reduced(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while Bacteroidetes and rc4-4 significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). However, in the JW rabbit IBS model group, Eubacterium and Subdoligranulum were significantly increased(P< 0.05),while Lactobacillus,Coprobacter,Veillonella and Streptococcus were markedly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the JW rabbit NC group,the abundance of Firmicutes,Odoribacter, Veillonella,Streptococcus,Oscillospira and Pseudoflavonifractor were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), but Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia,Eubacterium,Akkermansia and Coprobacter were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the WHBE rabbit NC group. Compared with the JW rabbit IBS model group, the abundance of rc4-4, Bacteroidetes,Coprobacter and Clostridium were significantly higher(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the Firmicutes, Dorea, Coprococcus and Subdoligranulum were significantly lower(P <0.05)in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group. Conclusions There is an intestinal microflora imbalance in rabbits with IBS, resulting in a decrease of microflora diversity. The changes of intestinal microflora in the WHBE rabbits and JW rabbits with IBS have their own characteristics, and have apparent differences.