Nursing students in junior college have less class time and weaker foundation com-pared with nursing undergraduates, therefore it is more difficult for them to learn pathphysiology. In order to improve the teaching effect, we adopt the following strategies in pathophysiology teaching:①Guiding clinical nursing practice combining with specific situation in order to give students a deep understanding of pathophysiology knowledge and its significance. ②Urging students to review relevant basic knowledge before class and teacher to briefly introduce the basic knowledge before initiating class in order to reinforce the knowledge. ③Examples of daily life should be combined to make the abstract theory knowledge vivid. Teaching should revolve around the main line and key points should be highlighted. ④Dividing pathophysiology course into three units, and summary must be executed at the end of each unit.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of the bacteria encountered from the(clinical) infection,and provide reference for the rational use of agents in clinics.METHODS To culture the(specimens) from inpatient and outpatient clinic from Dec 2004 to Mar 2005,and perform the drug (sensitivity) test.RESULTS In 1584 isolated strains,the first four were coagulase negative Staphylococcus((15.6%),) Klebsiella(13.0%),Escherichia coli(10.0%),and Candida albicans(9.9%).The highest resistance of Gram(-negative) bacilli was to ampicillin(86.7%),then to cephalothin(79.5%),and mezlocillin(75.7%);G~-bacilli were(sensitive) to meropenem(2.3%),piperacillin/tazobactam(19.0%),and fosfomycin(29.1%).Gram~+ cocci had drug(resistance) to 18 antibacterials except vancomycin,MRSA was higher than MSSA;(Enterococcus) faecium showed poor sensitive rate to penicillin and erythromycin.CONCLUSIONS We should give more attantion to the Rules on Antibacterials in Clinical Application and use drugs reasonably.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acute mountain sickness ( AMS) and AMS susceptibility indices before ascent to high altitude and to evaluate their predictive value for AMS. Methods A total of 314 healthy male a-dults were voluntarily enrolled. Their 22 physiological and mental indices of AMS susceptibility were obtained before exposure high altitude. The diagnoses of AMS were based on the Lake Louise score ( LLS) ,an international standard scoring system for AMS. According to the char-acteristics of selected AMS susceptibility indices and the strong fault tolerance of neural network theory, the learning vector quantization ( LVQ) neural network method was adopted to build the prediction model of susceptibility to AMS. Results The results showed the sensitiv-ity of the LVQ model which distinguishes subjects with no-AMS reached 95. 00%,the average correct-prediction precision ultimately reached 72. 22%. The result of prediction is believable. Conclusion The builded LVQ model provide a scientific method for screening crowd who quickly ascend to high altitude,and also can lead to an effective preliminary screening of susceptibility to AMS.

Objective:To explore the effect of targeted nursing with evidence-based support in the treatment of craniopharyngioma via the transsphenoidal approach.Methods:A total of 70 patients with craniopharyngiomas who were admitted to the Department of Oncology of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected and all received transsphenoidal surgery in the hospital. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the lottery method, 35 cases in the control group, using conventional nursing; 35 cases in the observation group, using targeted care with evidence-based support; comparing the two groups of patients before and after care, the incidence of complications, and the length of hospital stay.Results:The scores of anxiety and depression (6.05±1.24 and 5.78±1.48) in the observation group 2 weeks after nursing were lower than those in the control group (9.95±1.73 and 10.52±1.87). The difference was statistically significant ( t value was 10.036, 10.886, P<0.05). The postoperative high fever, electrolyte imbalance, diabetes insipidus, epilepsy remission time and hospital stay in the observation group were (5.49±0.84)h, (5.46±0.39)d, (1.03±0.21)h, (6.24±2.78)d, (12.51±1.48)d, which were shorter than those in the control group (8.78±1.05)h, (8.51±0.47)d, (2.49±0.35)h, (8.97±2.80)d, (15.26±1.52)d. The difference was statistically significant ( t value were 4.093-29.545, P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 17.14% (6/35), which was lower than 37.14% (13/35) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 4.786, P=0.029). Conclusion:Targeted nursing with evidence-based support can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with craniopharyngioma through the transsphenoidal approach, shorten the length of hospital stay, and achieve significant application results.

Melamine is a kind of triazine compound and the fluorescence of it can get enhanced in the presence of cationic surfactant in weak alkaline medium. A new fluorescent spectrophotometry based on this principle) has been developed to determine melamine under the optimum conditions such as Tris-HCl buffer solution), pH 8.0 and with CTMAB as sensitizing agent. The linear range, detection limit and relative standard deviation were 25-1000 μg/L, 19 μg/L and 1.6%,respectively. The samples were pretreated according to the solid phase extraction monolithic column to carry out the detection of real milk. This method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used to screen and detect the milk samples primarily.

This paper summarized the nursing experience of one infant with right lower limb ischemia caused by amniotic band syndrome. The nursing key points included:careful observation of the infant condition,exposing the wound,raising the affected limb,wound disinfection,and removing necrotic tissues at the surface skin,applying topical drugs for promoting tissue growth and antibiotics,selecting appropriate dressing to provide suitable environment for tissue regeneration;debridement of inguinal skin,dressing change,assessing pain and providing corresponding care during debridement;infection prevention. After 29 days of treatment and careful nursing care,the skin damage was repaired on the right lower limb,swelling subsided,the necrotic tissues at right inguinal region were completely cleared,granulation tissue was formed,and the infant was discharged smoothly.

302 teeth with wedge-shaped defect in 168 patients were restored by SDR(smart dentin replacement,n =112),glass ionomer (n =98) and light-cured composite resin(n =92) respectively.12 to 15 month follow-up showed the success rate was 96.2％,84.8％ and 86.2％ respectively(P ＜ 0.01).SDR is an ideal material in restoring wedge-shaped defect.

Animal experiment is a primary part of medical education. At present , medical students are lack of education about laboratory animal ethics and they do not usually treat animals fol-lowing rules of laboratory animal ethics. To solve this problem, we focused on the education of labora-tory animal ethics and 3R theory (reduction, replacement, refinement) in order to help the medical students treat laboratory animals nicely. We enforced the construction of the laboratory rules and regu-lations, and improved animal experiments conditions. With these efforts, we successfully standardized and scientized our experiment classes.

Objective To provide a quantitative summary estimate on the efficacy and safety measures of the combination therapy.Methods We searched databases(Medline and Embase)from January 1997 to December 2009 using‘ Fluticasone and salmerterol' or‘ Seretide' or‘ Advair' or‘ budesonide/formoterol' or‘ Symbicort Turbuhaler' in combination with ‘ Randomised controlled trial'.The databases of GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register,or relevant original studies and review articles were approached for additional studies or details of all relevant studies.Results Morning peak expiratory flow(PEF),evening PEF and clinic FEV1 were 17.59L/min,14.95L/min and 0.08L/min higher with combination therpy than with increasing ICSs by two fold or more at endpoint,respectively.The risk of asthmatic exacerbation was reduced in the combination therpy group compared with the increased doses of ICS groups,with OR being 0.61(95 ％ CI 0.53 ～ 0.70,P ＜ 0.01).Significantly increases in the percent of symptom-free days 6.30(95％ CI 3.52 ～9.10),asthma-control days 9.49(95％ CI 4.74 ～14.25)and relieve-free days 6.59(95％ CI 6.10 ～ 7.08)were observed in patients treated with ICS/LABA compared with increased doses of ICSs at endpoint.Reduction in reliever medication use(inhalations/day)0.22(95 ％ CI 0.11 ～0.33)with significant difference was also observed at endpoint.Conclusion Combination products of ICS/LABA were more effective than a high dose of ICSs in improving lung function,reducing asthmatic exacerbation and use of reliever medication and improving control of asthma.

The experimental teaching of Pharmaceutical Technology plays a critical role in improving the students' knowledge conversion,application,and innovation abilities in pharmaceutical engineering specialty.According to the problems existing in experimental teaching process,exploration and practice on the case teaching method and the student-centered teaching mode are introduced in this paper.The implementation of the teaching reform can effectively combine pharmaceutical technology theory with practice,and is conducive to the professional development of pharmaceutical engineering in our university.