Objective To investigate the clinical features of moyamoya disease complicated with Graves′disease and the efficacy of extra-and intra-cranial revascularization. Methods The clinical data of 4 patients with moyamoya disease complicated with Graves′disease were analyzed retrospectively. Among them,three were females and one was a male. Their mean age was 32 ± 7 years. After medical treatment, their thyroid function was normal. The patients were treated with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting. Results (1) Three patients showed cerebral infarction and one showed frequent transient ischemic attack. DSA confirmed that 2 patients had unilateral moyamoya disease and 2 had bilateral moyamoya disease. Head MRI revealed brain infarcts. (2) The thyroid function was normal after drug treat-ment,the symptoms of moyamoya disease were stable in 3 cases. One patient had high metabolic symptoms, such as high fever and accelerated heart rate within one week after procedure. The patients were followedup for 6 to 18 months,one was good,3 were excellent,and there was no recurrence of Graves′disease. Postoperative head MRI revealed that the 4 patients did not have new brain infarcts. MRA showed that the arterial filling in cerebral sulci in the ischemic lesion areas was obviously improved compared with that before procedure. Retrograde filling of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery M2-M3 segment was observed in 2 patients. Postoperative single photon emission computed tomography perfusion imaging revealed that the ischemic perfusion lesions on the operated sides were obviously improved compared with those before procedure. Conclusion When complicated with Graves′ disease,the symptoms of moyamoya disease will aggravate. It manifests as acute and chronic cerebral ischemia. After controlling the symptoms of hyperthyroidism,most cerebral ischemic symptoms can be alleviated. Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting may establish an effective collateral circulation and improve the clinical symptoms.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection for treatment of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods A prospective study was conducted. Forty-eight patients with confirmed diagnosis of VAP requiring mechanical ventilation admitted into intensive care unit (ICU) of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between May 2013 and September 2014 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into observation group (26 cases) and control group (22 cases) by random number table. All patients in both groups received western conventional treatment, and the patients in observation group were treated additionally with 50 mL Xuebijing injection intravenous drip twice a day, and control group received only routine western medicine, the therapeutic course in both groups being 7 days. The changes of white blood cell count (WBC), serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels and the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were observed, and the clinical therapeutic effect and 28-day prognosis were analyzed in both groups.Results After treatment for 7 days, the WBC, PCT levels and CPIS score were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups, and the degree of descent in observation group was more significant than that in the control group [WBC (×109/L): 9.16±1.62 vs. 12.03±2.34, PCT (μg/L): 0.17±0.04 vs. 0.28±0.69, CPIS score: 3.31±0.97 vs. 4.23±1.15, allP < 0.05]. The effective rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group [84.6% (22/26) vs. 54.5% (12/22), P < 0.05], while the 28-day fatality rate in the observation group was lower than that of control group [11.5% (3/26) vs. 36.4% (8/22),P < 0.05].Conclusion The clinical therapeutic effect is good when patients with VAP is treated with addition of Xuebijing injection on the basis of conventional western medicine therapy, as the injection can improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the fatality rate.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the antibiotic usage in infectious disease hospital,and offer(scientific) rule for antibiotic usage.METHODS The retrospective investigation of antibiotics usage in 1991 in-(patients) from Sep 2004 to Mar 2005 was carried out.RESULTS From 1991 patients,909 patients used antibiotics,percentage of antibiotic usage was 45.7%;66.7% patients used one antibiotic,28.6% patients used twice,(4.73%) used triple.From them 29.3% were used for prevention,and 70.85% for treatment;of all the unsuitable use,widen range of the indication,longer(usage),changing frequently,etc were the main causes.CONCLUSIONS Unsuitable usage of antibiotics could be found in our hospital.It is necessary for hospital to strengthen the (management) of antibiotic usage in inpatients.

Objective To investigate the application value of identification of the scalp surface locations of cerebral ischemia lesions before direct revascularization for moyamoya disease and to design surgical approaches according to this by using the fusion of single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT) cerebral perfusion imaging with CT imaging. Methods The clinical data of 13 adult patients with ischemic-type moyamoya disease underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery were analyzed retrospectively. SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging was fused with CT imaging of the same machine before procedure. The lesions of ischemia were located on the cortical surface. The surgical approaches were designed at the center of the ischemic lesions. The patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months after procedure. The improvement of clinical symptoms and cerebral perfusion of the patients were observed after operation. Results One patient had perioperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome,and the others did not have any perioperative complications. At one-month follow-up, the improvement of symptoms in 4 patients were excellent,in 5 were good,in 4 were fair,and none was poor. At 6 to 12 month follow-up,the improvement of symptoms in 9 patients were excellent,in 4 were good,and none was poor. The postoperative visual SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging analysis suggested that the cerebral perfusion was improved significantly as compared with before procedure in all patients. Quantitative analysis:There was significant difference in target ischemic lesions between preoperative Fb and postoperative Fb ([2. 13±1. 06]% vs. [4. 13±2. 09]%;P<0. 05). There was significant difference between preoperative Fb and Fe ([2. 46±1. 97]% vs. [2. 13±1. 06]%;P<0. 05). The postoperative BFCR was [67. 57±3. 78]%( >50%) , which indicated that the efficacy of the procedure was remarkable. The superficial temporal arteries fed to brain of the patients were observed after procedure by using the head CT angiography. The postoperative head MRI reexamination showed no new infarcts occurred at 6 months. Conclusion Combine SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging with CT imaging to design surgical approach for superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery may improve the efficacy and reduce the risks of operation.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of microsurgical treatment of anterior communicating aneurysm via the moeifiee pterional approach uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Methods The clinical eata of 35 cases of anterior communicating aneurysms were analyzee retrospectively. All the cases were treatee by the microsurgical treatment via moeifiee pterional approach uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Results All the anterior communicating aneurysms were clippee completely by microsurgical treatment uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. The curative effect was assessee at eischarge accoreing to GOS,inclueing gooe in 29 cases(82. 9% ,29 / 35),moeerate eisability in 4 cases(11. 4% ,4 / 35),severe eisability in 1 case(2. 9% ,1 / 35),eiee in 1 case(2. 9% ,1 / 35). Conclusion Microsurgical treatment of anterior communicating aneurysms via moeifiee pterional approach uneer combinee neuroelectrophysiological monitoring is a safe ane effective methoe,which might be helpful to reeuce the ratio of postoperative eisability ane mortality,ane then improve quality of life for patients.

Objective To investigate whether blocking NR2B receptor can reverse the process of cytotoxicity to spiral ganglion neurons induced by sodium salicylate in guinea pig by applying ifenprodil (a NR2B antagonist) at the round window niche .Methods Sixty healthy guinea pigs provided by the experimental animal center of Guangxi medical university were randomly and evenly divided into a control group (Group I ,no treatment) ,an APL group (Group II ,60μl APL directly applied to the round window ) ,a sodium salicylate group (Group III ,60 μl APL di-rectly applied to the round window and then be given intraperitoneal sodium salicylate injection ) ,and an ifenprodil group (Group IV ,60μl of 10μmol/l ifenprodil in APL directly applied to the round window and then be given intra-peritoneal sodium salicylate injection ) .Sodium salicylate was given at 400 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 7 days .Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded before animal sacrifice by decapitation .The left cochlea was removed and prepared for detection of caspase -3 expression in spiral ganglion neurons via immunohistochemistry .From each group ,6 cochleae were used to test apoptosis index in spiral ganglion neurons using the TUNEL technique .Results Before salicylate administration ,the ABR threshold was less than 40 dB SPL in all animals .After salicylate ad-ministration ,the ABR threshold was 33 .33 ± 5 .17 dB SPL in Group II ,64 .17 ± 7 .36 dB SPL in Group III and 49 .17 ± 5 .85 dB SPL in Group IV ,in contrast to 31 .67 ± 5 .16 dB SPL in Group I (controls) .The caspase -3 ex-pression was not changed obviously in Group I and Group II ,but was significantly changed in Group III and Group IV (P<0 .01) .The caspase-3 expression appeared to be decreased in Group IV compared to those in Groups III (P<0 .05) ,but still increased compared to those of in Group I and II (P<0 .05) .The apoptosis index among spiral ganglion neurons in Groups III and IV increased significantly compared to those of in Group I and II (P<0 .001) .It was however ,lower in Group IV than in Group III (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Blocking NR2B receptor with specificity can reverse the process of cytotoxicity to spiral ganglion neurons induced by sodium salicylate in guinea pig .

Objective To investigate the effects of sorafenib combined with dendritic cells and cytokine induced killer (DC-CIK) cells on the growth,invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods CIK cells and dendritic cells from healthy adults were cultured in vitro.Mice models with H22 hepatic cancer were established,and randomly divided into the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and the sorafenib + DC-CIK group according to the random number table.There were 40 rats in each group.All the mice received intragastric gavage with sorafenib of 100 μg/g once a day.DC-CIK cells were intraperitoneally injected into the mice every 3 days with 1 × 107 cells each time.Twenty mice bearing tumors in each group were sacrificed after treatment for 3 weeks,and the peripheral venous blood and hepatic tumor tissues were harvested.The levels of alphafetoprotein (AFP) were detected by ELISA,and the necrotic degree of tumor tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The protein expressions of Ki-67 and CD34 in the tumor tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method.The survival time of the other 20 mice bearing the tumor in each group were detected.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or LSD test.Results CIK cells and dendritic cells were successfully cultured.The levels of AFP in the peripheral venous blood of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were (0.675 ± 0.177) rg/L,(0.379 ± 0.052) ng/L,(0.415 ± 0.028) ng/L,(0.288 ± 0.012) ng/L,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =0.415,P ＜ 0.05).The numbers of intrahepatic and peritoneal metastasis of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were 21.2 ± 1.3 and 29.7 ± 7.6,16.4 ± 1.6 and 17.4 ± 1.8,20.2 ± 1.7 and 26.4 ± 1.7,15.2 ± 1.3 and 15.2 ± 1.3,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =2.137,3.271,P ＜0.05).The tumor inhibition rate of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were 0,21％ ± 3％,9％ ± 3％ and 24％ ± 5％,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =3.715,P ＜0.05).The survival time of mice in the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib ± DC-CIK group were (18.2 ± 2.5) days,(21.6 ± 2.1) days,(24.3 ± 2.8) days and (25.4 ± 1.4) days,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =6.247,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sorafenib combined with immunotherapy can significantly increase the therapeutic effects of molecular targeted drug on hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To detect the efficiency and function of NK cell differentiation from human umbilical cord he?matopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro. Methods CD34+hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood, and inoculated into SCGM medium containing 20 μg/L FMS like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), stem cell fac?tor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15 and IL-21. And CD34+HSCs were differentiated into NK cells in directional inducing. The growth state of cells was observed. The expressions of CD56, NKG2D, NKp46, CD3, CD19 and CD34 were detected by flow cytometry in the differentiation of 7, 14, 21 and 28 d. In the differentiation of 21 d and 28 d, the differentiation cells were used as effector cells, and K562 cells as target cells. The ratios of effector cells and target cells were 8∶1, 4∶1, 2∶1 and 1∶1. The killing activity of the differentiated cells was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cell toxicity assay and 7AAD/CFSE labeling method. Results CD34+HSCs derived from human umbilical cord blood can proliferate in vitro under appropriate condition. There were no significant differences in the expression of CD3 and CD19 between different differentia?tion stages (7, 14, 21 and 28 d, P>0.05). The expressions of CD56, NKG2D and NKp46 were significantly different (P<0.05), and the ultimate expression amount was (72.57±1.60)%, (32.83±1.29)%and (29.53±2.40)%. The expression of CD34 decreased gradually, and the lowest was (12.13 ± 2.01)%. The maximum killing activity detected by LDH cell toxicity assay and 7AAD/CFSE labeling method reached(49.91±2.76)%and (40.87±1.12)%.The killing activity of NK cells was decreased in the order of 8∶1, 4∶1, 2∶1 and 1∶1 groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the killing activity between NK cells of 28 d and 21 d. Conclusion Human umbilical cord hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into NK cells un? der appropriate conditions in vitro, and the NK cells induced from differentiation are with killing activity.

OBJECTIVETo study the blood enriching effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Paeoniae Radix Alba, paeoniflorin and albiflorin on mouse model of blood deficiency caused by γ-ray radiation.

METHODBuild mouse model of blood deficiency induced by γ-ray radiation. Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Paeoniae Radix Alba were given during modeling. The amount of WBC was detected af- ter the treatment. Based on the result of WBC and paeoniflorin content, albiflorin content in Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Paeoniae Radix Alba, the same model and the same method were used to comparatively study the effect of blood enriching of paeoniflorin and albiflorin.

RESULTOn the 7th day, the amount of WBC in model mice treated with 2 g x kg(-1) Paeoniae Radix Alba and 2 g x kg(-1) Paeoniae Radix Rubra significantly increased compared with that of model group (P < 0.05). In another experiment with the same model, the amount of WBC in model mice treated with 120 mg x kg(-1) paeoflorin and 120 mg x kg(-1) albiflorin significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with that of model group on the 7th day. On the 10th day, the amount of WBC in rats treated with 120 mg x kg(-1) paeoflorin increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with that of model group. Compared with the same dose of paeoniflorin, the amount of WBC in mice treated with albiflorin had no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONAll Paeoniae Radix Alba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, paeoniflorin and al- biflorin can raise the amount of WBC and have the effect of enriching blood induced by radiation, while paeoniflorin and albiflorin have a similar result in this model. The result indicated that both paeoniflorin and albiflorin are effective constituents in Paeoniae Radix Alba, and paeoniflorin work as the common effective constituent in both Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Paeoniae Radix Alba.

Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; pharmacology ; Gamma Rays ; adverse effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Rats

ObjectiveTo explore the attentional biases in male alcohol dependent (AD) patients and the correlations between the attentional bias and alcohol-related factors.MethodsA total of 30 recently detoxified male individuals with alcoholism were compared with 37 healthy controls ( HC ) on the Chinese Emotional Stroop Task using negative,neutral,and alcohol-related words.ResultsThe comparison between AD group( ( 1382.13 ±323.38) ms,( 1365.76 ±313.03)ms,( 1433.20 ±342.23) ms,respectively) and HC group( (797.27 ±216.97)ms,( 794.11 ± 209.41 ) ms,(799.40 ± 215.82 ) ms respectively) on the reaction time of neutral,negative and alcohol-related words were significant ( t =8.822,P ＜ 0.001 ; t =8.922,P ＜ 0.001 ; t =9.234,P ＜ 0.001 ).The error number of of the neutral and negative- related words of the patients ( ( 3.70 ± 2.56) time,( 4.23 ± 2.53 ) time)was worse than that of HC group( ( 2.11 ± 1.87 ) time,( 1.92 ± 1.82 ) time) ( t =2.939,P =0.005 ; t =4.355,P ＜0.01 ).Error number of the alcohol- related words between two groups were not significant;Its alcohol-related words attentional bias negative correlation to the age of initial alcohol use(P＜ 0.05 ),and positive correlation to continue drinking and score of self-rating depression scale (P＜0.05).Age of addiction and the score of self-rating anxiety scale enter the regression equation of alcohol-related words.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that alcoholics have attentional bias in alcohol-related words and reward-related brain regions may be associated with craving among male patients with attentional bias.