Objective To establish a method for the determination of bacterial endotoxin in Ilex pubescens compound injection(LPCJ) .Methods According to China Pharmacopoeia (second part,2000),interference test was carried out to detect the endotoxins in LPCJ with limulus lysate agents (?was 0.25 EU/mL).Results Inhibition action was found in bacterial endotoxin test for LPCJ and in the 10-,20-,30-and 40-fold diluted liquid of LPCJ.It was proved that the maximum noninterference concentration was the 50-fold dilution.The inspection results are the same as that of rabbit pyrogen test.Conclusion The 50-fold diluted LPCJ is suitable for the determination of bacterial endotoxin and can be used as the quality control standard for its preparation.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the preparation of compound menthol spray and study its stability.METHODS:The liquor compound menthol spray was changed to emulsified ones by the solubilizing action of tween80.The stability of emulsified compound menthol spray(ECMS)was observed in airtight container at room temperature(25?2)℃.RESULTS:ECMS was stable within2wks in airtight container at room temperature.CONCLUSION:ECMS is stable in property,convenient in stor?age,and accords with pharmaceutical quality standards.

Objective: To understand the mortality and probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for the improvement of chronic diseases prevention and control strategies. Methods: The death data of the four chronic diseases among local residents in Taizhou City from 2019 to 2022 were collected through Taizhou Chronic Disease Information Management System, and the crude mortality, standardized mortality (standardized by the data of the seventh national population census in 2020) and probability of premature death were calculated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature death were analyzed using annual percent change (APC). The attainment of probability of premature death due to the four chronic diseases were evaluated using the target values and predicted values in 2025 and 2030. Results: There were 119 899 deaths from the four chronic diseases in Taizhou City from 2019 to 2022, with the crude mortality of 494.48/105 and the standardized mortality of 410.68/105, which was no significant changing trend (APC=4.680% and -2.795%, both P>0.05). The probability of premature death decreased from 10.39% to 8.69% (APC=-6.027%, P<0.05). The crude mortality and standardized mortality in males were higher than those in females (562.13/105 vs. 424.08/105; 461.67/105 vs. 353.81/105; both P<0.05). The crude mortality and standardized mortality in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas (499.65/105 vs. 480.52/105; 429.20/105 vs. 365.68/105; both P<0.05). The probability of premature death in women and rural residents showed downward trends (APC=-8.210% and -7.558%, both P<0.05) from 2019 to 2022. The standardized mortality and probability of premature death due to malignant tumors showed downward trends (APC=-6.090% and -8.019%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of diabetes showed an upward trend (APC=18.654%, P<0.05). The predicted values for probability of premature death due to due to the four chronic diseases in 2025 and 2030 were 7.27% and 5.40%, respectively, and were lower than the target values of 10.02% and 8.77%. Conclusions From 2019 to 2022, there was no significant trends in the mortality of four chronic diseases in Taizhou City, with rural men being the key population for prevention and control. The probability of premature death showed a downward trend, and it was expected to achieve the target in 2025 and 2030.

Objective To translate the English vcrsion of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ) into Chinese,and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Intensive Care Unit Environment Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ-C).Methods The ESQ-C was translated from the ESQ and back-translated,Delphi tcchnique was used to conduct cultural adaption.The reliability and validity of ESQ-C were tested in 313 cardiac surgery ICU patients.Results The ESQ-C contained 42 items.Eight factors that explained 51.803％ of the variance were extracted after exploratory factor analysis.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.851,the odd-even split-half reliability was 0.888.Conclusion ESQ-C was proved to be valid and reliable.It's a valuablc tool to assess the environment stressors of ICU patients in China.

Objective? ?To?analyze?the?risk?factors?of?delirium?in?patients?in?cardiac?surgery?intensive?care?unit?(CSICU).? Methods? A?prospective?observational?study?was?performed.?Patients?admitted?to?CSICU?of?Fujian?Medical?University?Union?Hospital?from?March?to?August?in?2017?were?enrolled.?The?combination?of?the?Richmond?agitation?sedation?scale?(RASS)?and?the?ICU-confusion?assessment?method?(CAM-ICU)?were?used?to?evaluate?delirium.?The?patient?was?assessed?on?the?second?day?after?CSICU?admission,?twice?a?day,?the?evaluation?was?stopped,?and?the?follow-up??observation?was?terminated?after?the?patient?was?discharged?from?CSICU.?The?patients?were?divided?into?two?groups?according?to?whether?delirium?occurred?in?CSICU.?The?general?and?clinical?treatment?data?(including?condition,?operation,?anesthesia?and?CSICU?treatment)?of?the?two?groups?were?compared.?The?related?factors?of?delirium?were?identified?by?univariate?analysis?and?multifactor?Logistic?regression?analysis.? Results? A?total?of?318?cases?were?included?in?this?study.?Among?them,?93?cases?had?delirium?and?the?incidence?of?delirium?was?29.2%.?It?was?shown?by?univariate?analysis?that?age,?history?of?hypertension,?type?of?surgery,?surgical?procedure,?American?Society?of?Anesthesiologists?(ASA)?anesthesia?classification,?usage?of?propofol,?plasma?transfusion,?red?blood?cells,?platelet?transfusion,?blood?loss,?operative?time,?cardiopulmonary?bypass?(CPB)?time,?myocardial?block?time,?acute?physiology?and?chronic?health?evaluation?Ⅱ?(APACHEⅡ),?duration?of?mechanical?ventilation,?the?length?of?intensive?care?unit?(ICU)?stay,?postoperative?usage?of?diazepam,?midazolam,?fentanyl,?morphine,?chlorpromazine,?etc.?which?were?related?to?delirium,?and?occupation?? (on-the-job?or?self-employed),?medical?insurance?(city?or?provincial?medical?insurance),?education?(primary?to?junior?high?school,?high?school?or?above)?could?reduce?the?risk?of?delirium.?Colinearity?diagnosis?was?performed?on?variables?with?statistically?significant?differences,?and?variables?with?variance?expansion?factor?(VIF)?

The American trauma system is designed to provide an organized response to injury. It draws its foundations from lessons learned from America's involvement in the wars of the 20th century as well as principles developed in urban community hospitals. Although run at the local and state government level, it is guided by national societies and has become a world class example. It also currently faces challenges with declining reimbursement and providing equal access to care for all Americans. Professional societies and legislative bodies are continuing to work together for fair and equitable solutions to these issues.
Humans ; Trauma Centers ; organization & administration ; United States