Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness state caused by the transient cerebral insufficiency,often accompanied by decreased muscle tone and failure in maintaining a certain position. Syncope is a common clinical disease of children,the causes of which include nerve-mediated (reflex) syncope,cerebral vascular disease syncope, psychogenic syncope, cardiac syncope, metabolic syncope, unexplained syncope,etc. Nerve-mediated syncope is the most common cause, and vasovagal syncope is the most common type. Al-though the incidence of cardiogenic syncope is low, but its onset is abrupt and dangerous, which should be payed attention.

BACKGROUND: Because dopaminergic neurons are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress, microglia is characteristics of being prone to activation, and activated microglia is the main source of oxygen free radical production, so microglia activation is more important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and illness progress.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the correlation between microglia and Parkinson's disease.METHODS: An online computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author among the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI: 2000/2010) and Medline (2000/2010) Database, with key words of Parkinson's disease, microglia in English and Chinese. The correlation between microglia and Parkinson's disease was discussed through two aspects, one is the influence of cell factors and toxic substance produced after microglia activation on Parkinson's disease, the other is the inhibition of microglia and prevention of nerve toxic factors on Parkinson's disease progress.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 112 articles were screened out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 27 of them were involved in the analysis. Results showed that microglia activation will damage dopaminergic neurons, and cause Parkinson's disease. And the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease may further reduce the neurotransmitter dopamine, continue to damage dopaminergic neurons and release the inflammatory factor, thus promoting microglia activation. Inhibition of microglia activation is likely to stop the progress of Parkinson's disease.

Marfan's syndrome(MFS) is a relatively common autosomal dominant hereditary disorder with prominent manifestations in the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. MFS has a high penetrance. Recent research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis and therapy of MFS has made a lot of progress. So we reviewed the advance on the relation of molecular genetics and phenotype of MFS.We discussed the molecular hasis, gene mutation and location, diagnosis, clinical features and therapy. Now the detection on the molecular level has been a very important method in diagnose MFS very early or before bom.

Objective To study the effect of different negative pressure values of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) effect on skin graft .Methods Eighty patients were selected ,who underwent chronic wound bed and preparedto treat with skin graft in surgical ward of emergency department in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2012 .Eighty patients were divided into 8 groups ,group A were treated with packing pressure after skin graft ,group B~ H were treated with continuous NPWT ,pressures were -10 ,-20 ,-30 ,-40 ,-50 ,-60 and -70 kPa ,respectively .Whether they were in comfortable situation at second day after surgery were observed .Flap survival area at Seventh day after surgery was meas‐ured .Results The patient comfort ,flap survival area ,wound healing time of group B to H were higher than those of group A (P<0 .05) .Patient comfort tended to decrease with the increasing negative pressure values between -10 - -40 kPa(P<0 .05) .Flap survival area ,healing time of group B ,C were higher than those of group D to F(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Application of NPWT technology in wound ,-10 kPa negative pressure value can not only improve wound blood circulation ,but also ensure patient be comfortable .

Objective To investigate effect of levocarnitine on maintainance hemodialysis in patients with hypotension.Methods 64 cases with continuous hemodialysis hypotension were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 32 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with erythropoietin treatment after regular hemodialysis, and the treatment group based on the control group with levocarnitine.Blood pressure, hemoglobin, urea clearance rate, hypotension and changes of C-reactive protein (CRP), arteriovenous fistula occlusion and cardiovascular events incidence were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, the incidence of two groups of blood pressure and hemoglobin levels were significantly increased ( P <0.05 ) and CRP levels decreased ( P <0.05 ) , hypotension, arteriovenous fistula occlusion and cardiovascular events rate were decreased (P<0.05); compared with the control group, systolic blood pressure and minimum systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin levels of treatment group were higher (P<0.05) and CRP levels were lower (P<0.05), the incidence of hypotension, arteriovenous fistula occlusion and cardiovascular events were lower (P<0.05), the clinical curative effect was higher (P<0.05).Conclusion Levocarnitine can effectively reduce the occurrence of hypotension in hemodialysis patients continuously, with good clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective To explore the correlation of modern medical examination indexes with the traditional Chinese medical syndrome types of reflux esophagitis ( RE) , thus to supply evidence for the standardization of syndrome differentiation. Methods Seventy-six RE patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. And then we investigated the correlation of traditional Chinese medical syndrome types with endoscopicmucosal performance grading, plasma Ghrelin content, esophageal mucosal substance P ( SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) . Results (1) Syndrome patterns of RE showed certain correlation with the endoscopic mucosal performance (P<0.01) . Endoscopic mucosal performance grade 0-Ⅲ corresponded to the syndromes of gallbladder heat attaching stomach, liver-stomach disharmony/phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer, hepatogastric stagnant heat, middle energizer deficiency with reversed flow of qi, respectively. ( 2) The plasma Ghrelin content of RE patients with syndrome of phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer was lower than that of the patients with other syndrome patterns, and the difference was significant compared with the syndromes of hepatogastric sta gnant heat, liver-stomach disharmony, and gallbladder heat attaching stomach ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . ( 3 ) The expression level of SP in the esophageal mucosa was the highest in the syndrome of hepatogastric stagnant heat, and was the lowest in the syndrome of phlegm-qi blocking middle energizer; expression level of VIP in the esophageal mucosa was the highest in the syndrome of middle energizer deficiency with reversed flow of qi, and was the lowest in the syndrome of hepatogastric stagnant heat ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Traditional Chinese medical syndrome types of RE have correlation with endoscopic mucosal performance and immunohistochemical detection results for gastrointestinal hormones, which will be beneficial to the estimation of the development and severity of RE.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods 50 patients in our hospital from January 2014 to September 2015 were selected as the research object, and were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, each group of 25 patients each.The patients in the control group were treated with special therapy, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with gemcitabine.The clinical indexes of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed.Results After the treatment, the experimental group of 25 patients, 12 cases of patients with complete remission, 8 cases partial remission, 3 cases were stable, 2 patients progressed, the effective rate was 75%, clinical benefit rate of 92%.In the control group, 4 patients had complete remission, 2 patients had partial remission, 9 patients were stable, 10 patients progressed, the treatment efficiency was 24%, and the clinical benefit rate was 60%.The effective rate and the clinical benefit rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).1 years later, the survival rate of patients in the experimental group was 22, the survival rate was 88%, and the number of patients in the control group was 14.The survival rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Gemcitabine monotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer can improve the therapeutic effect to a great extent, good safety, low incidence of adverse reactions, high survival rate, with further clinical promotion and application significance.

The ecosystem for disciplinary innovation is a new mode that facilitates the improvement of various disciplines in universities. This article analysed innovation, ecosystem for innovation as well as ecosystem for discipline, and proposed the concept and characteristics of the ecosystem for disciplinary innovation in universities.

This paper summarizes researches about research-oriented hospital,and proposed the concept of research hospitals.The connotation construction of a research hospital is discussed in terms of the quality of medical care,personnel training,scientific research and management capacity.

Six hours after inhalation pulmonary injury,the pulmonary microvascular permeability (PMVP),pulmonary malondialdehyde (MDA) level,superoxide dismu-tase activity (SOD),the contents of protein and leucocytes in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and serum MDA level were determined in rats pretreated with allopurinol.In addition,the pathological changes of the lung tissues were also studied.It was found that early administration of allopurinol resulted in marked reduction of PMVP,and the protein content and leucocyte count in BALF.His-topathological examinations revealed that allopurinol could reduce the leucocyte accumulation in pulmonary vessels,interstitial leucocyte infiltration,interstitial and alveolar edema and hemorrhage,and vascular congestion.The serum and pulmonary levels of MDA also markedly decreased.The changes of pulmonary level of MDA were parallel to those of PMVP,and the protein content and leucocyte count in BALF in time course and in degree.The results listed here imply that the mechanism of the therapeutic effects of allopurinol on inhalation pulmonary injury is to reduce the production of superoxide anions through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase,in turn to inhibit the peroxidation of pulmonary lipids to alleviate pulmonary damage.